用MEMS光开关实现高性能光互连网络

建立了1Gbps传输结构的高性能光互连网络，来提高计算机群系统的网络性能。它利用微机电系统(MEMS)光开关和PCI总线全带宽网络接口卡构成光互连链路。全带宽PCI接口卡总线峰值传输速率为132Mbytes／s，光信号传输速率可达1Gbps以上。用MEMS制做的全光开关减少了光—电之间的转换，提供的开关方式与数据的波长、速率和信号格式无关。因而，利用这种网络结构，可以最大限度地减少网络延迟和网络通信开销，极大地提升了机群系统的总体性能。     

Frame-Loss-Free Optical Line Switching System for In-Service Optical Network

Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) has now reached the stage where it is providing real-time broadband services. Since even a temporary suspension of broadcasting and telephone services cannot be permitted, it has become important to improve the reliability of FTTH network operation. We have developed an advanced optical line switching system that diverts transmission signals from an in-service line to a spare line without interrupting communication. This system is realized by equalizing the transmission times of the signals sent through dualized lines composed of an in-service line and a spare line. The transmission times are equalized by employing two techniques in the dualized lines. One is a technique that uses a free space optics system to tune the optical line length continuously. The other is a technique for measuring a wide range of time differences between signals transmitted through the dualized lines. Since the dualized lines have a Mach–Zehnder interference structure, the differences can be detected with high accuracy by employing dual-light interferometry. We applied this switching system to a gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GE-PON) during transmission and succeeded in switching in-service lines without inducing any frame loss.      

Can communications and sensors work together in one network?

With the development of both optical fiber-based communication and sensation, one interesting topic has been pointed out. How to connect those mountains of sensors to detect the signal in a large area, and how to make the cost of sensing system lower enough should be studied. A network of sensors is a good option. All sensing equipments, including the interrogators and the sensors, will be internetworking together. However, fiber optic communication networks have been developed very well over the past two decades. Is it necessary to rebuild a new network for sensors? In this paper, some new technologies in the two areas of fiber optic sensors and fiber optic communication will be addressed. Then, the available overlay architecture of a fiber optic sensors network will be presented. Finally, a polymorphous optical burst switching (POBS)-based architecture will be proposed, which can support all kinds of services, including digital data optical circuit/burst/packet switching and analog fiber optic sensor signal circuit/burst switching, etc.     

下一代光网络的发展和关键技术

近年来，随着经济的发展和计算机的普及，Internet业务出现了爆炸性的增长，现有的网络应付大量的数据业务和各种类型的服务业务已显得有些力不从心。为了适应未来发展的需求，并针对IP业务的主导地位和光传输技术的发展，下一步不仅要提高传输链路的带宽和利用率，还要提高光网络的智能性，以满足IP业务对传输和交换系统的要求。因此我们提出发展以IP层和光层融合的下一代智能光网络（OTN）。并针对下一代光网络的发展和关键技术进行了简单的阐述。     

测控通信系统射频资源可重组技术

测控通信系统的资源重组将是飞行器测控通信系统的发展方向。在中频实现测控终端重组的基础上,通过对射频重组构架的分析,得出了射频交换网络的性能和射频远距离传输的性能直接影响射频重组的可行性,提出了一种可行的全系统资源重组的测控体系构架,即采用微光电子射频交换网络与射频光波传输技术实现射频信号大规模交换及远距离传输,再结合中频重组以实现全系统资源重组,并对相关性能进行了分析。所提出的设计思路可供测控通信系统实现全体系的资源重组借鉴及参考。     

Commercial, legal, and international aspects of packet communications

Packet switching technology emerged rapidly in the 1970's as another viable mode of communications switching, along with circuit and message switching. Since packet switching offers economical and versatile data communication capabilities in a multiuser environment, it is particularly well suited for furnishing public data communication network services. Public packet networks are now established or being developed in most industrialized countries, and the introduction of these networks has raised policy issues relating to the structure and regulation of the national networks, and the interconnection of national networks into an international packet switching system. This paper reviews these issues and concludes that public packet switching network services will continue to be regulated in all cases; that competitive packet networks will coexist in the U.S. and in Canada, but that only one national packet network will exist in each of most other countries; that packet networks will aggravate the problem of distinguishing nonregulated data processing services from regulated data communication services; that international interconnection of public packet networks based upon CCITT standanh will occur rapidly over the next several years; and that a unified international packet switching system will eventually emerge similar to today's international telephone and telex systems.     

基于深度学习的水下无线光通信信噪比改善研究与实现

复杂的水下环境造成了水下光信号的质量下降,为提升水下无线光通信系统信号信噪比,结合深度神经网络提出了一种信噪比改善方法,该方法通过信号频谱有效抑制了信号噪声.实验结果表明:针对1m传输距离的水下无线光通信16阶正交振幅调制-正交频分复用(16QAM-0FDM)信号,该方法可以实现约17 dB的信噪比提升同时误码率降低至...     

Impairment-aware ordered scheduling in dual-header optical burst switched networks

Optical burst switching (OBS) is a promising technology for bridging the gap between optical wavelength switching and optical packet switching. Optical signal transmission quality is subject to various types of physical impairment introduced by optical fibers, switching elements, or other network components. The signal degradation due to physical impairment may be significant enough such that the bit-error rate of received signals is unacceptably high at the destination, rendering the signal to not usable. In this article, based on earlier study, we study the burst-scheduling problem in OBS networks using two control packets for each data burst, taking into account physical impairment effects. We propose a burst-scheduling algorithm that accommodates incoming bursts by primary path routing, deflection routing, and burst scheduling. We design an admission control mechanism to use network resources efficiently. At an OBS node, the proposed algorithm schedules bursts for transmission by searching for available resources as well as verifying signal quality. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective in terms of reducing the burst-blocking probability.     

雷达组网通信中的ATM交换机

介绍了ＡＴＭ交换技术在雷达组网通信中的应用。通过对基于中央处理站的雷达组网通信技术需求的分析，提出了一种类似于用户—服务器模式的ＡＴＭ交换结构。ＡＴＭ技术是Ｂ—ＩＳＤＮ的基础，ＡＴＭ交换技术是ＡＴＭ技术的核心，它不仅可用于民用通信业务，而且对于电子干扰环境下雷达网对密集多目标跟踪时所涉及的通信业务也很有效。文章对ＡＴＭ交换机在雷达网中的数据交换作了分析，并以计算机仿真手段评估了三种特定通信环境下输出缓冲型ＡＴＭ交换机的利用率和输出队列概率分布情况。     

光纤自动切换保护系统的应用探讨

分析光纤自动切换保护系统的原理,以我公司为例,在光传输网络主要路由上,接入光纤自动切换保护器,利用保护器构建出光纤保护网络,当被保护的光纤发生故障中断或者衰耗增大导致通信传输质量下降时,光纤线路自动切换保护技术却能使网络进行实际切换,用恢复机制作为第二道防线对付网络范围的故障和失效,恢复通信的畅通,从而增强了我公司通信网络的可靠性。     

Optical switching: switch fabrics, techniques, and architectures

The switching speeds of electronics cannot keep up with the transmission capacity offered by optics. All-optical switch fabrics play a central role in the effort to migrate the switching functions to the optical layer. Optical packet switching provides an almost arbitrary fine granularity but faces significant challenges in the processing and buffering of bits at high speeds. Generalized multiprotocol label switching seeks to eliminate the asynchronous transfer mode and synchronous optical network layers, thus implementing Internet protocol over wavelength-division multiplexing. Optical burst switching attempts to minimize the need for processing and buffering by aggregating flows of data packets into bursts. In this paper, we present an extensive overview of the current technologies and techniques concerning optical switching.     

光城域网的创新模式——MSR

本文从光城域网对综合业务的需求出发，基于对传统与交换进行简化统一的思考，介绍了多业务环（MSR）诞生的背景，重点阐述了MSR的基本概念、组网拓扑结构、系统组成与主要构件、通用帧格式以及MSR系统的特性，最后指出了MSR的市场定位、应用领域和应用特点。     

微波光子网络的可重构与智能化（特邀）

高性能的光子模拟处理芯片是微波光子处理系统的核心部件,文章通过优化光波导网络结构,实现了一种超宽带可重构的光子模拟运算芯片,通过配置拓扑网络结构实现了多种运算功能的任意切换以及同种功能的运算阶数可调谐。同时,研究了具有自配置能力的光学矩阵计算芯片,以及用于图像处理的片上光子卷积加速器。最后,对微波光子系统与人工智能的交叉融合进行了展望。     

Signal processing for optical communication

Optical communication plays a significant and increasing role in our society. The public demand for higher network speed requires an optical backbone network with larger capacity. Accompanying high transmission-rate optical communications system are severe technical specifications for optical devices and systems. Many popular optical devices could be represented with a digital filter model as described in this article. Use of well-developed signal processing techniques and algorithms to design these optical devices is a wise use of existing technology. The wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system, which is the dominating optical communication system, is introduced in this article. Three signal processing application examples for optical communications are presented: optical wavelength interleaver, an all-pass filter for chromatic dispersion compensation, and an electronic equalizer. As demonstrated in this article, signal processing could play an important role in the development of advanced optical communication systems. However, as demonstrated in the case of an electronic equalizer, some optical system characteristics may require special attention if signal processing techniques are to be applied successfully. Therefore, interdisciplinary cooperation between researchers in optics and signal processing will be crucial for optical communications to fully benefit from signal processing.     

基于可变无线信道的交换设备研究

在网络交换设备中,如何克服可变无线传输环境对其实时通信产生的严重影响,是一个很值得研究的课题。针对无线传输链路速率的实时变化,在深入理解和研究信令处理、策略控制以及业务数据传输的基础上,设计并实现了一种基于可变无线信道传输的网络交换设备。试验结果表明,设备性能稳定可靠,不仅可以提高复杂环境下通信链路的利用率,而且可以保证高优先级业务的可靠实时传输。     

高速光纤综合通信网络平台研究

现代通信网络应能满足各种通信业务和通信容量日益发展的需求,实现话音、数据、视频、IP等业务的一体化综合交换和传输。在比较TDM、IP和ATM三种协议的基础上,提出"采用内置RPR和MPLS功能的MSTP平台"建设光纤综合通信网络平台的实现方法。MSTP采用SDH的数据帧结构,保持了SDH标准光接口、灵活分插低速信号、自愈环保护和功能强大的网管等优点,可对TDM、IP和ATM协议进行优化传输。     

2010年通信技术和业务概貌预测──AT＆T贝尔研究院John Mayo院长演讲笔记

本文是贝尔研究院ＪｏｈｎＭａｙｏ院长１９９４年７月１１日在上海所作学术报告的听讲笔记。报告预测２０１０年通信技术和业务十大方面的概貌：（１）微电子集成芯片；（２）光子逻辑控制；（３）光纤传输容量；（４）语音信号处理；（５）传真和可视通信；（６）通信网结构进化，（７）个人无线通信；（８）计算机处理能力；（９）通信软件生产率；（１０）多媒体信息终端。     

Analysis of signal distortion and crosstalk penalties induced by optical filters in optical networks

The design of optical communication networks with network switching elements operating in the optical domain requires careful system analysis and potentially stringent component requirements. We consider here network elements such as transparent optical cross-connects that demultiplex WDM signals, optically switch individual channels, and then multiplex the wavelengths together again before transmission into the next span. Network element optical impairments that can significantly degrade signal quality are in-band (same wavelength) crosstalk and signal distortion from filter concatenation effects. We examine tradeoffs between accumulated crosstalk and filter distortion in the context of the optical filters used in the network elements and demonstrate the balance that must be struck in the design of the filters and network system. As an example, we study a 10-Gb/s network with 50-GHz channel spacing, examining both nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) modulation formats. In both cases, we find optimal filter bandwidths that minimize the total signal degradation measured in terms of Q penalty, including filter misalignment statistics and signal laser frequency offset. A model is developed to treat the statistical nature of filter misalignment and its effect on filter-generated in-band crosstalk. The optical node penalties suffered by RZ signals can be significantly higher than that of NRZ signals and must be considered when estimating overall system reach.     

一种WDM全光IP路由器的结构设计与分析

为突破“电子瓶颈”的限制，Internet向波分复用(WDM)全光网络演进已是必然的趋势．在光Internet中，光路由器是最为关键的设备之一．文章提出了一种光路由器实现的结构，该结构是以光突发标记交抉为核心，不需经过多次的O／E／O转换，即可实现边缘到边缘的全光域数据传输和处理．文章还对该结构具体实现中的关键问题：光突发数据的格式和装配、报头的提取和识别、路由及光标记交换和拥塞等进行了详细的分析研究，提出了可行的解决办法．最后设计了一个实验系统，并给出了相应的实验结果．     

Photonic access concentrator for ATM gigabit switching fabrics

In future broadband communication networks the interest for purely photonic switches is due to the bandwidth mismatch between optical transmission networks and electronic switching nodes. Photonic ATM switching fabrics mainly based on wavelength-switching stages are therefore being studied, to implement high capacity switches with also concentration, multiplexing and demultiplexing functions, using state-of-the-art photonic technology. The architecture of an ATM photonic access concentrator is described in this paper, illustrating the design and implementation of its basic subsystems, the traffic concentrator and the cell multiplexer. The design guidelines are outlined in detail referring to an example, where 128 user lines at 622 Mb/s are given access to 4 outlets at 2.488 Gb/s. The corresponding implementation, based on the systematic use of cell wavelength encoding, makes use either of well-known photonic components, such as Fabry-Perot filters, fiber delay lines, splitters and combiners, either of recently developed devices, like high-speed optical gates and tunable filters and lasers. Finally, the system feasibility is demonstrated presenting the results obtained on a reduced size and speed experimental setup of the cell multiplexer