公路边坡工程灾害快速识别技术刍议

对国省道边坡工程地质灾害决策难点与特点进行了分析,结合浙江省多条山区公路建设经验,探讨了公路边坡地质灾害快速识别的关键要素,并提出了公路边坡地质灾害数据库与决策平台构建的必要性和重要性。     

云南省公路气候区划研究

根据云南省气候资料,应用ARCGIS软件对各气候要素进行了插值分析,介绍了云南省公路气候区划的方法,通过确定各级气候区划的指标,得出相应的气候分区,从而为云南省以后公路设计与施工奠定基础。     

国省干线公路养护管理中的问题与对策

阐述了国省干线公路的养护特点,指出了公路养护过程中存在的资金不足、管养不分、缺乏规范性以及人员素质较低等问题,指出应在遵循和谐养护理念的基础上,改革管理机制,培养专业化的养护队伍,从而实现现代化与规范化管理。     

陕北黄土边坡瞬态安全系数的研究

以陕北府谷县黄土边坡为研究对象,采用常规直剪试验和常规三轴不固结不排水试验,研究了陕北Q3黄土抗剪强度随含水量变化的规律,并提出黄土随含水量变化的抗剪强度公式;运用非饱和土壤水分运动理论,建立了以体积含水率为因变量的降雨入渗模型,并求出其数值解,根据陕北地区的降雨特点,设定不同的降雨类型,分析了不同的降雨条件下Q3黄土边坡瞬态体积含水率分布规律;在此基础上建立考虑降雨入渗影响的Q3黄土边坡瞬态安全系数的计算公式并编制了计算程序,分析不同降雨条件对陕北黄土边坡稳定性的影响.     

A new prediction model for rock slope failure time: a case study in West Open-Pit mine,Fushun, China

Establishing an accurate method for predicting the failure times of rock slopes subject to creep deformation is challenging, but at the same time crucial for preventing damage to properties and loss of life. In this paper, the Medium–short Term Prediction of Landslide by Polynomial (MsTPLP) model is proposed based on the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm. The West Open-Pit mine in Fushun, NE China is currently the largest open-pit coal mine in Asia. The landslide on the southern slope of the West Open-Pit mine was selected as the study case. Global Positioning System (GPS) monitoring is employed in landslide displacement monitoring. Based on the analysis process of the MsTPLP model, the displacement time series derived from GPS monitoring points is selected as the input. The model parameters of the MsTPLP model are obtained using the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm. The predicted failure time of a landslide, which is the output, can be determined according to the prediction criteria of the model. The prediction results show that the MsTPLP model can provide accurate landslide displacement predictions (correlation coefficient R ² > 0.98 and average relative error ARE < 17 %). The forecasting results of the landslide show that the estimated failure time is Mar 5, 2014. Based on field investigation and displacement analysis, the landslide on the southern slope of the West Open-Pit mine occurred on Mar 9, 2014. The predicted and actual failure times are significantly close, demonstrating the potential of the new method in landslide prediction.     

The cost of non-conformance during a highway project: a case study

Poor quality resulting from non-conformance during construction leads to extra cost and time to all members of the project team. The costs of rectifying non-conformance can be high and they can affect a firm's profit margin and its competitiveness. Construction-related firms can identify non-conformance information by employing a quality cost matrix as illustrated in a case study as a basis for improvement. Findings indicate the applicability of the matrix, the usefulness of the information for quality improvement and the positive change in attitude of personnel involved in the case study. Areas and frequency of non-conformance and the viability and importance of preventive measures are also ighlighted.     

河北省山区旅游公路边坡绿化模式的研究

针对河北省山区旅游公路的气候、地形、地理特点，结合河北省山区旅游公路柏坡路扩建工程，对山区旅游公路边坡绿化模式进行研究，通过近几年在柏坡路的栽植实验，选择出适合河北省生长的绿化品种；综合分析和比选多套绿化品种方案，增添了植物景观和再造景观，确定出最佳绿化方案，突出了旅游公路的特色，为河北省山区旅游公路绿化提供了一个全新的绿化模式。     

Influence of ground anchors corrosion and uncertainty strength parameters: A case study slope failure in northern Taiwan

A significant fatal scale dip slope failure incident occurred at The Freeway No.3, located in Northern Taiwan, on April 25, 2010. From the post-failure investigations, it is found that the deteriorating anchor systems and uncertainties in strength parameters as the most likely the primary reasons for this slope failure. This study main conducted a numerical modeling work using Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC), a two-dimensional numerical program based on the distinct element method for discontinuum modeling. First, the numerical modeling was generated to check the original design of this dip slope failure. Then a series of parametric studies were introduced to investigate the influences of the triggering design factors that affected this slope-failure event. The ground anchor failure order in this slope is also assessed by bracketing approach and strength-reduction method using a new term called “Adjusted Factor”. Furthermore, this study will focus on an anchors’ failure order from the perspective of the random field to assess whether the anchors’ failure mechanism considering the random field will match or be closely similar to the anchor failure order in the field.     

常张高速公路某岩质边坡稳定性分析

简要叙述了离散元的基本原理,采用通用离散元程序UDEC模拟了常德~张家界高速公路某边坡的变形,分析了其变形机理和可能的破坏形式,并提出了对应的支护措施,得出的结果与工程实际相一致,对类似工程有一定的参考价值。     

On an empirical relationship between SO2 concentration and distance from a highway using passive samplers: a case study in Shanghai, China

In this paper, field measurements were performed to determine SO(2) concentration gradients from a highway in Shanghai using passive samplers. It was demonstrated that passive sampling method is a cost-effective and convenient way to monitor specific gaseous pollutants at small scales over long sampling periods in air quality studies. Using function fit analysis for the measured results, a shifted power-law relationship had been found between SO(2) concentration and the distance from a highway. Accordingly, an empirical shifted power-law model was developed for describing and predicting the SO(2) gradients near a highway, in which k is the only parameter and named as diffusion attenuation coefficient. There was a surprisingly significant negative correlation between known SO(2) concentration at reference point (C(0)) and diffusion attenuation coefficient (k). By the correlation equation of C(0) and k, appropriate value of k could be calculated with measured C(0). Therefore, the empirical shifted power-law model developed in this study could be practically and conveniently applied for predicting the SO(2) distributions near a highway with known C(0).     

Hazard assessment of potentially dangerous bodies within a cliff based on the Fuzzy-AHP method: a case study of the Mogao Grottoes,China

The Mogao Grottoes are among the most famous sites on the World Heritage list. Several large-scale preservation projects were implemented in 1962, 1982, and 2008, respectively, to improve their preservation conditions. According to field investigation and assessment in recent years, the cliff is stable on the whole because of the reinforcement projects. Among them, there are still 42 potentially dangerous bodies, which may not be stable in some conditions. For the purpose of building the monitoring and early warning system and the long-term preventive preservation of the Mogao Grottoes, an innovative analytical method based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy-AHP was applied to assess the hazard of potentially dangerous bodies within the cliff. Firstly, the hazard was classified into six groups: very high, high, moderate, low, very low, and no hazard, in this study. Secondly, the AHP method was applied to calculate the impact index of each causative factor, and then the hazard assessment of dangerous bodies was made based on statistical analysis. Finally, the Fuzzy-AHP method was applied to calculate the correlation of each factor and determine the comprehensive hazard class. The results indicate that Fuzzy-AHP seems to be more accurate than AHP in hazard assessment. Meanwhile, there is a very high risk body that can threaten 10 caves, three high risk bodies that can threaten 13 caves, and 15 moderate risk bodies can threaten 69 caves in total, while the remaining bodies are defined as low or very low grades. Overall, the results of this study provide much data and a theoretical model in the construction of a monitoring and early warning system currently. Furthermore, the new numerical simulation method also holds the potential application to assess the hazards of other types of heritage sites.     

Gradient distribution of persistent organic contaminants along northern slope of central-Himalayas, China

High mountains may serve as condenser for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and the vegetation in remote areas has been used as a means to characterized atmospheric concentrations of air pollutants. In this study, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Himalayan spruce needle samples from Zhangmu-Nyalam region (central-Himalayas) were analyzed and the altitudinal gradient of these pollutants was investigated. Total HCHs and DDTs concentration in needles were in the range of 1.3-2.9 ng g(-1) dry weight and 1.7-11 ng g(-1) dry weight, which were lower than concentrations reported in spruce needles from Alps, however higher than concentrations in conifer needles from mountain areas of Alberta. Total Himalayan spruce needle PAHs was below 600 ng g(-1) and fluorene, phenanthrene and acenaphthene were abundant individual compounds measured. The ratios of alpha-HCH/gamma-HCH in pine needles were similar with the usual values for technical HCH, implying technical HCHs might be used in this region. The high ratios of o-p'-DDT/p-p'-DDT and no p-p'-DDE measured in this study led to the suspicion that a new source of o-p'-DDT and/or p-p'-DDT existed in this region. In addition, higher ratios of low molecular weight-/high molecular weight-PAHs in this region indicated that petroleum combustion, vehicle emission and low-temperature combustion might be the major contributions of PAH source. To examine the POPs distillation, the analyte concentrations were correlated with altitude. The more volatile OCPs, alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH, aldrin and alpha-endosulfan positively correlated with altitude, however, less volatile OCPs (DDT and DDD) inversely related with elevation. Almost all PAHs detected in this area showed positive correlations with altitude. It is worthy to note that heavy PAHs (Benzo[k] fluoranthene and Benzo[a]anthracene) displayed positive correlation, which implied the sources of PAHs were near the sampling sites. The distillation of POPs was strongly affected by the proximity between sampling sites and contaminant sources. If the contaminant sources are close to the mountains, it may be the dominant factor that controls the concentration gradient.     

FEM application to loess slope excavation and support: case study of Dong Loutian coal bunker,Shuozhou, China

The largest coal bunker in China will be built in the Dong Loutian loess region to store coal, and the long V-shaped loess slope of the bunker, more than 60 m in depth, will be excavated. The finite element method of numerical simulation is applied (using linear elastic and hardening soil models) to simulate stability of the excavation slope and deformation with and without reinforcement, with a view to predict the deformation trend, design the reinforcement scheme, decrease the unrealistically large heave at the base of excavation and horizontal displacement of the excavation slope, and ensure the safety of the project. The simulation results show that the stress field redistributes after excavation and reinforcement, and the horizontal displacement of the slope is inhibited effectively, while the soil at the base of the bunker should be emphatically compacted and supported by piles. The field-measured data are in better agreement with the results calculated from the hardening-soil model and the combined support mode of anchor and soil nail. Thus, the results can be used to determine the key deformation range and reinforcing areas for engineering design.     

瑞赣高速公路边坡问题的前瞻性分析

对瑞赣高速公路所经区域的红层地质情况进行了简要分析,介绍了目前关于赣南红层滑坡的相关研究,阐述了赣南红层滑坡的机理,提出了瑞赣高速公路边坡问题处理应遵循的原则,以期指导瑞赣高速公路建设。     

开放式干线公路服务设施规划设计初探

介绍了G204江苏段统一规划设计服务设施的思路,结合高速公路服务设施的经验总结及相关资料,对开放式干线公路服务设施的规划建设、提高干线公路的服务品质进行了探索与尝试,以期满足驾乘人员的需求。     

陕北地区实施太阳能建筑一体化可行性研究

通过对陕北地区的地理位置、气候变化、太阳能资源分布状况和目前居民住宅居住等条件的调查研究,探讨了在陕北地区实施太阳能建筑一体化的可行性,并对太阳能建筑在陕北地区的推广应用前景进行了分析。     

Field behaviors of a geogrid reinforced MSW slope in a high-food-waste-content MSW landfill: A case study

A one-year field monitoring of a geogrid reinforced municipal solid waste (MSW) slope was conducted in the Xingfeng Landfill. Settlement tubes, strain gauges and earth pressure cells were used to measure the vertical settlement, the reinforcement strains and the vertical earth pressures in the reinforced MSW slope, respectively. During the monitoring period, the waste sliding occurred and the fresh MSW was dumped at the top of the reinforced slope. The vertical settlement along the reinforcement was nonlinear and the peak settlement occurred at the central part of the reinforcement. The reinforcement strains and the vertical earth pressures at various positions were affected by the sliding and the waste dumping to differing extents. Along the lengths of the geogrid reinforcements, the reinforcement strains showed single-peak distributions. The peak strains were attained in the central part of the reinforcements and the minimum strains were attained at the tail ends. The vertical earth pressures mainly depend on the overlying loads; however, the distributions of them along the reinforcement were nonlinear. Based on the monitoring results, the slope stability evaluation was conducted. It shows that the internal stability of the reinforced MSW slope might be sufficient, while the external stability was insufficient, meaning that this reinforced project was unsuccessful. Finally, various lessons and design suggestions learned from this unsuccessful project were discussed, which could provide valuable references for the future practice of geosynthetic reinforced MSW.     

案例分析之四：某非洲国家公路项目

本文介绍了中国某央企工程公司和某省工程公司在某非洲国家联合承建的非洲开发银行贷款公路项目中所遇到的问题,重点分析了项目中的风险和失败原因,特别是合同管理和组织管理等方面的不足,总结了这几方面的经验教训.     

Application of a new binary harmony search algorithm in highway rehabilitation decision-making problems: a case study in Iran

Due to the importance of optimisation in highway rehabilitation projects and the shortcomings of mathematical programming in performing such a task at a quite reasonable runtime span, a new binary harmony search (BHS) is devised to accomplish the decision-making process of highway rehabilitation problems. A new formulation and a BHS are developed and applied to a case study problem consisting of 96 highway segments needing rehabilitation, a number of which should be selected to be rehabilitated at a fixed budget in order to maximise the total quality of the highway network with the minimum possible cost. The BHS provides the value 1 for the segments which must be reconstructed and 0 for the remaining. Pavement Condition Index is employed to assess the quality of the highway. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the influence of different parameters on the output.