聚乳酸纤维的染色加工性能

简要介绍了聚乳酸纤维的特点和性能,对其染色性能及染色工艺条件对织物性能的影响进行了综述,并展望了聚乳酸纤维染色研究发展方向.     

聚乳酸纤维的性能与应用前景

本文综述了聚乳酸纤维的生物降解性能及物理、服用与染色性能，并对聚乳酸纤维的应用前景进行了分析。     

聚乳酸纤维染整特点探析

聚乳酸纤维是一种新型的纤维,结合聚乳酸纤维的结构及性能,着重就其染整加工特点进行了分析,提出适宜的加工方法。     

聚乳酸纤维及其纺织品的染整加工

聚乳酸是新一代可生物降解的环保新型合成材料,具有良好的力学性能,降解产物无毒,生物相容性好,在医学领域已有广泛的应用。作为纺织纤维材料,具有良好的服用性能,穿着舒适。聚乳酸纤维纺织品主要用于服装面料、里料、填充材料、装饰材料等。论述了聚乳酸纤维纺织品从原料来源、纤维生产制造、纤维的结构和性能特点及应用,到织物的前处理、印染加工、后整理等各个领域的研究进展和产业发展状况。介绍了聚乳酸纤维及其织物性能特点及加工技术的新进展,展望了聚乳酸纤维纺织品在各领域的应用前景。     

聚乳酸纤维织物服用性能测试分析

对聚乳酸纤维纯纺织物和聚乳酸纤维／棉混纺织物的机械耐久性、外观保持性以及透湿性等性能进行了测试，并与纯棉织物进行了对比分析，发现聚乳酸纤维织物具有良好的服用性能，并且聚乳酸纤维与棉纤维混纺后，不仅使原料成本有所降低，而且使织物的整体服用性能有了一定程度的提高。     

聚乳酸纤维纺织品的开发与性能研究

聚乳酸纤维作为一种利用玉米淀粉等可再生资源加工制造的完全可生物降解的纤维材料，越来越受到关注。文章对聚乳酸纤维的纺纱、织造工艺进行了探讨，并对聚乳酸纤维纱线和织物的各项性能进行了测试分析。结果表明，聚乳酸纤维不仅可纺性能较好，而且纱线性能优良。同时，聚乳酸纤维织物的机械性能和服用性能良好。     

聚乳酸(PLA)纤维在毛织物中的应用

聚乳酸纤维(PLA)具有羊绒般的手感,蚕丝般的柔和光泽,兼有羊毛的保暖性、棉纤维的吸湿性和导湿性等特点.结合毛精纺工艺,通过实验性生产,探讨了羊毛与聚乳酸纤维交织在染色、纺纱、后整理等工艺上的特殊要求.对比测试结果表明,聚乳酸纤维对改善织物的服用性能具有一定的作用.文章还介绍了聚乳酸纤维与毛纤维加工的技术要点,提出了聚乳酸纤维开发纺织新产品的思路及其在毛织物领域的应用.     

聚乳酸纤维的化学性能和降解性能研究

本文观察了聚乳酸纤维在不同化学试剂中的溶解反应,得出聚乳酸纤维具有较好的耐酸性,对碱的抵抗能力较差。配制不同pH值缓冲溶液测试聚乳酸纤维的降解性能,结果表明聚乳酸纤维在碱性溶液中容易发生降解,而在中性和酸性溶液中很难降解。     

聚乳酸纤维及织物服用性能的研究

文章对聚乳酸纤维的各项基本性能进行了测试分析,同时也对聚乳酸/棉混纺机织物及同规格的涤/棉混纺机织物的服用性能进行了对比研究,结果表明,聚乳酸纤维是较涤纶纤维性能优异的合成纤维。     

基于织物风格评定的聚乳酸织物悬垂性能测试分析

采用FAST织物风格仪测出影响织物悬垂性能的各项指标值,重点分析抗弯性能和剪切性能与织物中聚乳酸纤维含量的关系。结果表明,织物中聚乳酸纤维含量在55%左右时,棉与聚乳酸纤维混纺针织物的悬垂性能最佳。     

金属或金属氧化物对聚乳酸薄膜性能影响的研究进展

聚乳酸（polylactic acid, PLA）是一种以植物资源为原料合成的聚酯,可用于包装材料,对环境不产生任何污染。但聚乳酸耐热性差、脆性大限制了在行业中的实际应用,将PLA膜同金属及金属氧化物纳米粒子复合是一种可以有效改善聚乳酸膜性能的方式,本文概括了聚乳酸薄膜制备方法及特点,介绍了Ag、TiO₂、ZnO、SiO₂纳米粒子和聚乳酸复合膜,主要综述了这些纳米粒子对聚乳酸膜性能的影响及机制,最后对此类复合膜存在问题和未来发展进行展望。     

Effects of Coir Fiber and Maleic Anhydride Modification on the Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/PLA Composite Laminates

Coir fiber reinforced composite laminates made of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with a thermoplastic starch (TPS) were fabricated. Modified thermoplastic starch (MTPS) was prepared by reactive blending of TPS with maleic anhydride (MA). The effect of coir fibers was of our main interest. The tensile properties, water absorption, and morphological properties of the fabricated composite laminates were investigated. The composite laminates between PLA and starch TPS were prepared using coir fiber as reinforcing core, and the physical, mechanical, and morphological properties were studied. The results suggested that the optimum fiber contents for maximum tensile strength for TPS/PLA and MTPS/PLA composites were 20 and 30 wt%, respectively. Using MA for chemical modification of TPS for PLA composites could reduce the PLA content of about 10 wt%, and improve the tensile about 20%. The volume swelling for the MTPS/PLA composites was much lower than that for the TPS/PLA composites, and the swelling reduced with increasing coir fiber content. Based on compressive strength, the pallets produced using MTPS/PLA composites showed a high potential to replace the commercial urea-formaldehyde/PLA composites. It clearly appeared that MA modification to TPS not only improve the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced PLA composites, but also made the PLA composites bio-degrade more quickly.     

木素磺酸盐对聚乳酸/淀粉共混相容性的影响

研究了造纸工业的环保副产品木素磺酸盐对聚乳酸/淀粉共混物相容性的影响,使用双螺杆挤出共混和热压成型来制备聚乳酸/淀粉共混物,借助DSC测试和力学性能测试分析了木素磺酸盐的加入对聚乳酸/淀粉共混物热性能和共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明,适量木素磺酸盐的加入,使聚乳酸/淀粉共混物的Tg、Tm向低温方向移动,Tm的变化较明显,从而使聚乳酸与淀粉共混物获得了令人满意的相容性、脆性和力学性能。     

Effects of chitosan on the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of PLA films

Films based on polylactic acid (PLA) and different amounts of chitosan powder (CH), were prepared by extrusion. The effects of CH particle size (715 and 180 μm) and the amount of chitosan incorporated in the PLA matrix (5% or 10% on PLA basis) were investigated in terms of physicochemical characteristics and antimicrobial activity of the films. The incorporation of CH particles led to less rigid and less stretchable films. Thermal properties of PLA were not affected by chitosan addition. Water vapor permeability of the composite films was higher than pure PLA films. PLA:CH composite showed significant antimicrobial activity against total aerobial and coliform microorganisms, especially when the particle size of CH was reduced.     

Cold Oxygen Plasma Treatments for the Improvement of the Physicochemical and Biodegradable Properties of Polylactic Acid Films for Food Packaging

The effects of cold plasma (CP) treatment on the physicochemical and biodegradable properties of polylactic acid (PLA) films were studied. The PLA films were exposed to CP for 40 min at 900 W and 667 Pa using oxygen as the plasma‐forming gas. The tensile, optical, and dynamic mechanical thermal properties, surface morphology, printability, water contact angle, chemical structure, weight change, and biodegradability properties of the films were evaluated during storage for up to 56 d. The tensile and optical properties of the PLA films were not significantly affected by CP treatment (CPT; P > 0.05). The surface roughness and water contact angle of PLA films increased by CPT and further increased during storage for 56 d. The printability of the PLA films increased following CPT and remained stable throughout the storage period. CP‐induced hydrophilicity was also sustained during the storage period. The PLA films lost 1.9% of their weight after CPT, but recovered 99.5% of this loss after 14 d in storage. Photodegradation, thermal, and microbial biodegradable properties of the films were significantly improved by CPT (P < 0.05). Accelerated biodegradation of CP‐treated PLA sachets with and without cheese was observed in compost. These results demonstrate the potential of CPT for modifying the stiffness, water contact angle, and chemical structure of PLA films and improving the printability and biodegradability of the films for food packaging.     

Influence of Citric Acid on the Properties of Glycerol‐plasticized dry Starch (DTPS) and DTPS/Poly(lactic acid) Blends

In the presence of citric acid (CA), one‐step extrusion processing is used to prepare poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic dry starch (PLA/DTPS) blends (50/50, %, w/w) in a single‐screw extruder. The rheological study proves that CA decreases the viscosity of both DTPS and of DTPS/PLA blends. The low viscosity increases the dispersion and decreases the interfacial tension between DTPS and PLA, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the presence of CA, the tensile strength of DTPS/PLA reaches 41 MPa—similar to that of pure PLA—because of improved dispersion and compatibility. At the same time, CA increases not only the degradation of starch, but also the interaction between DTPS and PLA, as detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The blend containing CA has a higher thermal stability. The water absorption of DTPS and DTPS/PLA blends is also studied.     

Enhancement on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PLA Biocomposites Due to the Addition of Hybrid Sisal Fibers

Hybrid sisal fibers (HSFs) were made by mixing untreated sisal fibers (USFs) with alkali treated sisal fibers (ASFs), and blended with PLA matrix to make PLA/HSFs composite. It was found that the reinforced effect of HSFs was better than that of ASFs. Impact strength and crystallinity of PLA/HSFs had obvious improvements. β crystal of PLA was found from the XRD graph of PLA/HSFs, which may lead to an enhance in the impact strength and thermal stability.     

甲壳素纳米晶须/聚乳酸纳米纤维膜对草莓保鲜效果的影响

采用静电纺丝法,制备一种具有良好保鲜作用的甲壳素纳米晶须/聚乳酸(CNW/PLA)纳米纤维膜,分别用PE保鲜膜、纯PLA纳米纤维膜及CNW/PLA纳米纤维膜对草莓进行包装处理,并在贮藏期间,观察草莓的外观变化,测定其腐烂指数、失重率、可滴定酸含量及维生素C质量分数的变化来比较各种包装材料对草莓保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:CNW/PLA纳米纤维膜可在一定程度上延缓草莓的失重、抑制可滴定酸质量分数及维生素C质量分数的下降,具有显著的抗菌保鲜效果。     

聚乳酸纤维在湿法非织造材料生产中的抄造性能

聚乳酸(PLA)纤维是一种新颖的绿色环保纤维,具有众多优异性能。实验通过对PLA纤维(单组分、双组分)、低熔点聚酯(PET)纤维、水溶性聚乙烯醇(PAV)纤维混合湿法抄造纸张性能的研究,探讨PLA纤维抄造非织造材料(功能纸)的可行性。结果表明,单组分PLA纤维的熔融温度高,单独湿法抄造时成形困难;双组分PLA纤维、PET纤维、PVA纤维因其熔融温度低,与单组分PLA纤维混合抄造时,能起到有效的黏结作用;PET纤维的黏结效果优于双组分PLA纤维,PVA纤维的加入有利于纸张强度的进一步提高。     

用于非织造材料的聚乳酸

由可再生农作物制得的聚乳酸(PLA)可以制成纤维,加工成非织造材料。介绍了PLA的结构和性能,PLA纤维和非织造材料的加工方法;重点介绍了PLA纺粘产品的性能和应用领域;指出PLA产品存在收缩率较高的问题,目前尚无商业化PLA熔喷产品的生产。