基于加速模态差值法的桁架结构早期损伤识别研究

针对起重机械的桁架结构,分析了损伤的严重后果,提出了用加速模态差值法识别早期损伤.首先建立有限元模型,随机选取一根杆件,通过降低其刚度来模拟早期损伤;然后对未损桁架和损伤桁架分别进行模态分析,并提取两者的模态振型数据,通过计算机处理得到损伤前后的加速模态振型,然后进行对比分析,找出加速模态振型变化最大的节点,即为损伤节点,进而找到损伤杆件.实例分析表明,提出的方法合理可行.     

应变模态在框架结构节点损伤诊断中的应用研究

通过对某7层钢制框架结构节点损伤的数值模拟和模型试验，利用应变模态在结构损伤前后的相对变化进行框架结构节点损伤的诊断。结果表明，一阶应变振型对损伤及其位置敏感，高阶应变振型节点的存在使得依据高阶应变模态进行损伤诊断时容易造成误判。因此，利用一阶应变振型在损伤前后的相对变化可以对框架结构节点的损伤进行诊断。     

基于振型差小波变换的结构损伤检测方法

小波变换具有在时域和频域内表征信号局部特性的能力,能够在不同尺度下对结构响应中的突变信号进行放大和识别。在位移模态振型的基础上,提出了一种基于小波变换的结构损伤检测方法。将损伤前后结构的位移模态振型差作为原始信号进行小尺度小波变换,通过损伤前后位移模态振型差小波变换系数的变化,可判定损伤存在,确定损伤位置。并通过悬臂梁和海洋平台的数值模拟对该方法进行了验证。     

AGS结构的损伤定位仿真

为了检测先进复合材料格栅结构(AG S)的损伤所在位置,提出了通过计算结构在损伤前、后模态曲率差的方法,来进行计算和分析。建立了格栅结构在有约束条件下的有限元模型,通过AN SY S中的模态分析得到模态振型位移值,计算了结构损伤前、后的模态曲率差,通过这一指标对结构的损伤进行辨识,并分析了采用多阶模态的计算效果。结果表明,通过第1阶模态振型模态曲率差的计算,可对单损伤状况做出有效的检测;对于多损伤工况,需使用前3阶模态的曲率差进行分析,才能有效检测损伤的位置。     

复合材料板分层损伤识别的曲率模态差法

以单侧固支的分层损伤复合材料层合板为研究对象,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS得到层合板结构振型位移分析数据,针对分层损伤进行了曲率模态分析。分析结果表明,在层板内一个区域存在分层损伤的情况下,其振型与频率的变化非常小,难以用于判断损伤位置,但分层损伤区域的曲率模态差值变化显著,采用曲率模态差法可以对层合板结构分层损伤位置进行准确判定。     

振型曲率在板类结构动力检测中的应用

以四边简支方形弹性薄板为研究对象，通过数值计算得到板损伤前后的多阶模态参数，进而得到板面内两个方向的位移振型曲率并用于板的损伤检测研究。结果表明：当布置有足够数量的振型测点时，振型曲率及板损伤前后的振型曲率差均可用于板损伤的探测与定位，并能大致判断损伤的程度；当振型测点间距过大，或测点偏离损伤区域时，均可能导致检测的失败。     

基于应变指标的微弱损伤识别的实验方法

针对位移指标对微弱损伤不敏感的特点,研究了基于应变模态的损伤识别方法。该指标从应变模态参数识别着手,获得低阶应变模态振型,构造应变模态差,达到了结构微弱损伤的识别目的。通过与位移指标对比,实验表明该指标能通过应变模态振型和应变模态差准确识别微弱损伤的位置和损伤的程度。     

装配式钢桁架桥振动模态分析与试验研究

桥梁结构的动力学特性是其结构分析与优化设计的基础,以某型装配式钢桁架桥为研究对象,利用有限元软件ANSYS建立了该桥的三维空间有限元分析模型,并采用分块兰索斯法对其进行了模态分析,得到了桥梁的10阶固有频率和振型,而后基于环境激励的工作模态试验方法开展试验研究,通过试验数据的对比,验证了该分析方法的可靠性,为该型钢桁架桥的动力特性分析提供了直接的数据支持。     

基于归一化主模态差的装配式钢桥导梁损伤识别

为了解决装配式钢桥在结构损伤下的识别问题,选取了归一化主模态差作为标示量,对装配式钢桥导梁结构进行损伤识别。通过实测模型与有限元分析模型的固有频率和对应振型比较,验证桥梁导梁有限元模型的正确性;提出了运用归一化主模态差曲线图识别桥梁导梁损伤的方法,利用结构损伤时归一化主模态比无损伤时的归一化主模态刚度下降,损伤节点处振幅相对于正常状态数值增大,产生归一化主模态差正向突变来反映结构局部损伤的位置和损伤程度。通过模拟六种工况得到结构损伤部位会引起主模态差曲线的正向突变;并且损伤程度越重,对应的归一化主模态差越大。验证了损伤状态和正常状态之间的主模态差曲线可以判别装配式钢桥导梁的损伤位置和损伤严重程度。     

运用曲率模态技术的木梁损伤定量识别

为对木结构构件局部缺陷进行有效检测,结合试验模态分析和有限元模拟方法,对含不同位置、大小和数量孔洞缺陷的木梁进行研究,计算其第1阶位移模态振型和曲率模态,分析木梁损伤前后的曲率模态变化,探讨模态分析方法在木材缺陷检测中的适用性.研究结果表明:曲率模态是一个对木梁损伤比较敏感的参数,可用于对孔洞位置、大小及数量进行定量的估计;通过降低有限元模型局部单元的弹性模量能够较好地模拟木梁损伤,有限元模态分析和试验模态分析得到的位移模态振型及曲率模态吻合均较好,验证了模态分析对木梁无损检测是一种有效的方法.     

Natural frequency and mode shape analysis of structures with uncertainty

Two methods called random factor method (RFM) and interval factor method (IFM) for the natural frequency and mode shape analysis of truss structures with uncertain parameters are presented in this paper. Using the RFM, the structural physical parameters and geometry can be considered as random variables. The structural stiffness and mass matrices can then, respectively, be described by the product of two parts corresponding to the random factors and the deterministic matrix. The structural natural frequencies, mode shapes and random response can be expressed as the function of the random factors. By means of the random variable's algebra synthesis method, the computational expressions for the mean value and standard deviation of natural frequencies and mode shapes are derived from the Rayleigh quotient. Using the IFM, the structural parameters can be considered as interval variables and the computational expressions for the lower and upper bounds of the natural frequency and mode shape are derived by means of the interval operations. The effect of uncertainty of individual structural parameters on structural dynamic characteristics, and the comparison of structural natural frequency and mode shape using the RFM and IFM are demonstrated by truss structures.     

自适应桁架结构动态测试中主动构件配置研究

自适应桁架结构是由作动和传感元件制成主动构件取代桁架结构的关键构件，形成一种能自适应于内外环境变化的新型结构。主动构件在外电场作用下，产生结构的内部激励力，可以对桁架结构进行动态测试。本文在推导了自适应桁架结构机电传递函数表达式的基础上，由主动构件两连接节点处结构各阶模态振型轴向分量差值绝对值的加权和构成的优化目标函数，来研究主动构件在自适应桁架结构中的最优配置问题。文中将该方法运用于一平面自适应桁架结构的动态测试实验中，说明了所提出的优化配置方法的有效性。实验指出，主动构件的不同配置对于结构的低阶模态的测试尤为重要。     

空间杆系结构布局优化的能量法

杆系结构作为航天器的支承结构,已经被广泛地应用于各类天线展开机构中。杆系结构的构型设计对航天器整体构架性能是至关重要的。从能量的观点,采用满应力设计方法,对空间多自由度杆系结构进行了布局优化研究,通过对不同构型优化结果的分析比较,提出了空间杆系结构布局优化原则,对高效率杆系方案的选取和设计具有指导意义。     

数控立铣刀的图元分类研究

利用图元拼合法理论,在对立铣刀的结构进行深入分析基础上,根据其刃部、颈部、柄部等结构特征,将其分解为若干图形基本信息即图元,采用层次结构建立了数控立铣刀图元库。     

The minimum weight structural configuration of pin-jointed truss cantilevers of given external shape

The minimum weight configuration of a statically determinate cantilever truss of known external shape is formulated as a non-linear mathematical programming problem which can be solved using Dynamic Programming. The recursive equations lead to a closed-form solution for equal permissible stresses in tension and compression, and weight comparisons with the thin webbed beam, the Warren truss, and the equivalent Michell structure are presented.When the design criteria are tensile yield or buckling under compressive load, numerical tabulations are required in the solution. But it is demonstrated, by way of an example, that many aspects of practical problems can be accommodated with relative ease using this approach.     

DAMAGE ASSESSMENT USING MODE SHAPE SENSITIVITIES

In this paper, a method for the localisation and assessment of damage is presented. The method is based on the use of mode shape sensitivities to changes in mass or stiffness in the test structure. With these sensitivities, differences in the dynamical behaviour of the structure in its undamaged and damaged conditions can be translated into damage information (location and amount of changes in mass or stiffness). Since the sensitivities are calculated on the basis of the experimentally determined mode shapes, there is no need for a prior finite element model of the test structure. The applicability of this technique is discussed on the basis of damage detection experiments performed on a beam-like structure (laboratory conditions) as well as data from the experiments on the I-40 highway bridge in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A comparison is made with a variety of existing damage detection techniques which do not require a finite element model.     

Planning and Sequencing Heuristics for Feature-Based Control of Holonic Machining Equipment

The intelligent manufacturing system program was proposed by Japan in 1989. Five participating regions—Australia, Canada, the European Community, Japan, and the United States—currently are involved in developing 21st century manufacturing technology through an investment of US $1.2 billion over 10 years. Korea joined the program and will start work on one of the six ongoing projects, holonic manufacturing systems (HMSs). The objective of the paper is to develop the control architecture of the holonic machining unit (HMU) for construction of the HMSs and to present some planning and sequencing heuristics for feature-based control of the HMU. Further, the paper provides the HMU's functionality using the IDEF0 function modeling method. The basic operation of the decision maker among the HMU's functions is to determine an efficient feature sequence in real time from the nonlinear feature graph used to represent a process plan. To this end, two methodologies are applied sequentially to managing a nonlinear process plan: removal of the OR nodes and then grouping and sequencing the features in the feature graph. Markov chain theory is used to compute the path preference indicator for removing the OR nodes, that is, for selecting the best path among those surrounded by OR nodes. The resulting graph is the AND graph, from which the feature type nodes are formed into sequenced groups. The CNC codes associated with the features in each group are combined and downloaded to the CNC machine. The development of the methodologies can help manufacturers efficiently cope with unexpected failures encountered during computer-automated machining.