2—乙基—3,5—二甲基吡啶的合成

２－乙基－３，５－二甲基吡啶的合成肖国民，吴平东（东南大学化学化工系，南京２１００９６）（浙江大学二次资源化工国家专业实验室，杭州３１００２７）２－乙基－３，５－二甲基吡啶〔ＥＤＰ）是合成２，２．１反应温度的影响３，５－三甲基吡啶［１］、３，５－二梭...     

4氨基吡啶的合成

４－氨基吡啶（Ⅰ）是有机合成和医药合成的中间体，也是合成新型降压药吡那地尔（Ｐｉｎａｃｉｄｉｌ）的重要原料。Ⅰ作为分析试剂，其合成路线［１］如下：ＮＣＯＣＯＯ，Ｈ２Ｏ２→ＮＯＨ＋·ＣＯＯ－ＣＯＯＨＨＣｌ→ＮＯＨ＋·Ｃｌ－ＫＮＯ３，Ｈ２ＳＯ４→Ｎ（Ⅱ）...     

双（2—巯基吡啶—1—1氧化物）锌螯合物的合成

以吡啶为主要原料合成了双（２－巯基吡啶－１－氧化物）锌螯合物。工艺简便合理，原料低廉，为工业化生产提供了依据。     

4—二甲氨基吡啶的简便合成

介绍了４－二甲氨基吡啶的催化优点及用Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲酰胺法在短时间（２天内）合成ＤＭＡＰ的方法。     

反—4—（4—R—苯乙烯基）吡啶光二聚反应的研究

通过反－４－（４－Ｒ－苯乙烯基）吡啶「Ｒ＝Ｈ（Ⅰａ）,Ｍｅ（Ⅰｂ）,ＯＭｅ（Ⅰｅ）,ＯＭｅ（Ⅰｃ）,ＯＨ（Ⅰｄ）,Ｍｅ２Ｎ（Ⅰｅ）」在烯盐酸中的光二聚反应合成了４个ｒ－１,ｃ－２,ｔ－３,ｔ－４,３－双（４－Ｒ－苯基）－２,４－二（４－吡啶基）环丁烷「Ｒ＝Ｈ（Ⅱａ）,Ｍｅ（Ⅱｂ）,ＯＭｅ（Ⅱｃ）,ＯＨ（Ⅱｄ）」,除Ⅱａ外,其余为新化合折。光二聚反应具有高度立体选择性且几乎是定量完成的。研究发现,随     

2,6—二甲酸吡啶铕,镧配合物发光性能的研究

合成了一系列不同Ｅｕ、Ｌａ比的２，６－二甲酸吡啶配合物，经元素分析，热量－差热分析，确定其组成为Ｒｕ２Ｌ３．７Ｈ２Ｏ（Ｌ＝Ｃ５Ｈ３Ｎ（ＣＯＯ）＾２－２，ＲＥ＝Ｅｕ、Ｌａ）。     

二甲基和甲基乙基吡啶的侧链金属化和烃化反应的研究

２，５－，２，６－二甲基和２－甲基－５－乙基吡啶在无水乙醚中和金属钠形成的吡啶自由基负离子钠络的能使二甲基和甲基乙基吡啶ａ－位的碳原子进行侧链金属反应，然后和卤代烃作用，得一吡啶环侧链延长子的烃化产物。合成出１５种烷基、芳烷基和氨烷基吡啶新化合物。     

2—巯基吡啶—N—氧化物钠盐的合成

研究了以２－氯吡啶为原料经过氢氧化，然后用硫氢化钠巯基化，合成了２－巯基吡啶－Ｎ－氧化物钠盐，６４．８ｇ的２－氯吡啶溶解在５０ｇ乙酸中，加入１５ｇ顺丁烯二酸酐在７０－８０℃滴加５０％的过氧化氢６０ｇ反就２－３ｈ反滴加２５％的硫氢化钠水溶液１００ｇ，在７０－８０℃反应，１－２ｈ，精制得到含有４０％－４１％的２－巯基吡啶－Ｎ－氧化物钠盐，总收率为ｘ＝８０％。     

高分子酰化催化剂：聚4－（3－吡咯啉基）吡啶的合成

以频哪醇为原料，经脱水制成２，３－二甲基－１，３－丁二烯（ＤＭＢ），将其溴加成和溴代后，得到２，３－二溴甲基－１，４－二溴－２－丁烯（ＢＢＭＢＢ），再进行碘代，制得２，３－二碘甲基－１，３－丁二烯（ＢＩＭＢ），然后用４－氨基吡啶进攻ＢＩＭＢ进行Ｎ－烷基化反应，获得一种新型的单体：４－（３，４－二甲叉基吡咯烷基）吡啶（ＤＭＰＰ）。最终，将此单体均聚，合成出一种带有高效酰化催化基团的新型高分子化合物：聚４－（３－吡咯啉基）吡啶（ＰＰＰＹ）。     

4-二甲氨基吡啶的简便合成

介绍了４－二甲氨基吡啶（ＤＭＡＰ）的催化优点及用Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲酰胺法在短时间（２天内）合成ＤＭＡＰ的方法。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。