赤泥激发粉煤灰充填材料设计及激发机理研究

利用赤泥碱性激发粉煤灰原理,制备赤泥激发粉煤灰充填材料,研究其流动度、力学性能、水化产物、孔结构和微观形貌。结果表明,掺入赤泥可提高粉煤灰-水泥体系的碱度,加速胶凝材料的早期水化反应,促进C-S-H凝胶、钙矾石、半碳铝酸钙等水化产物生成;同时,赤泥具有颗粒细小、比表面积大等特点,提供微填充效应,能够重塑孔结构,降低大孔、有害孔的比例,提升材料强度。     

赤泥-粉煤灰-矿渣碱激发胶凝材料性质的研究

以赤泥、粉煤灰、矿渣等工业废渣为主要原料制备碱激发胶凝材料,通过正交实验找出了赤泥、矿渣和粉煤灰的最佳配比。当赤泥与粉煤灰比例为3∶1、矿渣的掺量为40%、12%硅酸钠促硬剂为0.12A、减水剂为0.7%时,所制备的碱激发胶凝材料力学性能较好。用蒸压养护制度可得出性能最优的碱激发胶凝材料。赤泥-粉煤灰-矿渣碱激发胶凝材料具有一定的耐酸碱盐腐蚀性、耐高温性能和良好的抗冻性能;吸水率由高到低依次为:水泥、净浆试体、胶砂试体Ⅰ(灰砂比为2∶1)、胶砂试体Ⅱ(灰砂比为1∶1)。X-射线衍射分析表明:在碱激发胶凝材料中生成了大量的铝硅酸盐和钙硅酸盐的复合反应产物,如:莫来石(K2O.Na2O.H2O、Al6Si2O13)、托勃莫来石和C-S-H、C2-S-H凝胶产物等。该类材料不仅具有类似有机聚合物的完整岛状结构及链状结构,还能与矿物颗粒表面的[SiO4]4-和[AlO4]4-四面体通过脱烃基作用形成化学键;来源于原料中Ca(OH)2的C-S-H凝胶多生成于水泥水化的C-S-H凝胶孔隙之中,从而大大提高了结构密实度,是其获得高强度的直接原因。     

炉底灰-粉煤灰胶凝体系的力学性能及微观分析

为实现炉底灰的大规模资源化利用,研究了原料掺量对炉底灰-粉煤灰胶凝体系力学性能的影响,采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜和能谱分析对胶凝体系水化产物的矿物组成、化学结构和微观形貌进行分析,结果表明:水泥掺量一定时,随着炉底灰掺量的提高,试样28 d抗压强度不断增大,而各龄期抗折强度及3,7 d抗压强度呈先增大后减小的趋势,粉煤灰对于提高胶凝体系早期强度具有不可或缺的作用,但掺量不宜过多;炉底灰可促进水泥中硅酸钙早期水化,生成更多氢氧化钙和钙矾石;水化后期,随着炉底灰掺量增大,C—S—H凝胶生成量增多并连接成密实的整体,针状文石晶体及纺锤形碳酸钙晶体桥接于水化试样微观裂隙两侧,阻碍裂隙的扩展,进一步提高胶凝试样的力学强度。     

磷石膏/矿粉复合过硫胶凝材料的制备研究

通过研究磷石膏、硫铝酸盐水泥熟料、碱激发剂等组分掺量对过硫胶凝材料体系物理力学性能的影响,借助XRD、SEM等微观测试手段对水化产物及机理进行分析探讨,确定了过硫胶凝材料组成的最佳配合比。结果表明:5%的硫铝酸盐水泥熟料、30%的磷石膏、63%的矿粉、2%的碱激发剂制备出的磷石膏/矿粉复合过硫胶凝材料标准稠度用水量为30.8%,初凝时间为312min,终凝时间为514min,3d抗压强度可达13MPa,28d抗压强度超过48MPa。微观分析表明,在该配比下制备的过硫胶凝材料主要水化产物为钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶,水化28d时钙矾石生成量较大,结构较为致密,强度大幅度提高。     

脱硫石膏对污泥灰胶凝体系强度及微观结构的影响

为实现生活污泥灰的资源化利用,结合净浆强度测定、X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重分析及扫描电镜等手段,研究脱硫石膏对不同龄期污泥灰胶凝体系强度及微观结构的影响.结果表明:污泥灰胶凝体系水化产物主要为钙矾石、羟钙石和水化硅铝(铁)酸钙凝胶,脱硫石膏促进了胶凝体系早期的水化,生成更多水化产物,并提高了水化凝胶聚合度及试样抗压强度...     

铝硅磷质胶凝材料结合耐火浇注料的制备及性能研究

探讨了采用偏高岭土基磷酸盐胶凝材料作粘结剂用于硅酸铝质耐火材料的制备及其高温性能,采用XRD、SEM等测试方法研究了偏高岭土、锆英石对硅酸铝质耐火材料性能的影响.研究结果显示：当偏高岭土的掺量为15%时,在1 300℃下处理3 h后其抗压强度可达79.4 MPa,并且其线收缩率仅为0.1%,具有较好的高温稳定性;用少量的锆英石替代铝矾土熟料可提高材料的高温性能,当其掺量达到9%时,在1 300℃下热处理后材料的抗压强度达到96.8 MPa.     

粉煤灰复合胶凝材料充填体强度与水化机理研究

为了提高粉煤灰资源利用率和充填采矿效益,以金川镍矿为工程背景,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析并结合胶结充填体强度试验,开展了粉煤灰替代水泥和矿渣微粉的复合胶凝材料的水化机理研究与充填体强度试验.结果显示:掺入粉煤灰的复合胶凝材料的水化产物主要是斜方钙沸石晶体、钙矾石晶体和C-S-H凝胶.当粉煤灰替代20%的水泥掺量时,3,7和28d充填体强度分别降低26.9%,29.9%和20.3%;当粉煤灰替代15%的矿渣微粉,3,7d强度分别降低23.5%和20.1%,但28d强度却提高7.6%.在满足金川矿山下向分层充填法采矿条件下,粉煤灰替代水泥掺量、矿渣微粉掺量分别可达到20%和15%.与矿用水泥充填材料相比,复合充填胶凝材料成本降低约49.8%.     

以电炉还原渣重构转炉钢渣的组成与性能

掺加电炉还原渣重构转炉钢渣的组成和结构制备了高胶凝活性的钢渣。采用化学全分析、XRD、SEM等手段分析了钢渣重构前后的组成、水化产物形貌,并进行了力学性能试验。结果表明:重构钢渣矿物组成以活性硅酸二钙、硅酸三钙和七铝酸十二钙等胶凝矿物为主。当电炉还原渣掺量分别为10%和20%、煅烧温度分别为1 350℃和1 250℃时,重构钢渣水泥的活性指数分别为102.9%和104.0%。掺重构钢渣水泥28 d龄期水化产物与普通硅酸盐水泥的相似,但浆体结构更为致密。     

利用矿渣、脱硫渣及炉渣制备胶凝材料试验研究

直接利用原状脱硫渣与矿渣和炉渣混合后,在水泥熟料、石灰激发剂的作用下,可形成具有较高强度的胶凝材料。通过配合比设计、强度测试,探讨了碱激发剂、脱硫渣含量、养护方式对矿渣-脱硫渣-炉渣胶凝材料强度的影响;并通过XRD、SEM等微观结构测试方法,分析了所制备的胶凝材料的主要水化产物及微观结构。研究结果表明,胶凝材料各组分的比例为w(水泥熟料)∶w(矿渣)∶w(炉渣)∶w(脱硫渣)∶w(石灰)=1∶6∶0.9∶1.8∶0.3时胶凝材料具有良好的性能,其水化主要产物为针状钙矾石和絮状水化硅酸钙。     

芒硝工业尾矿制备碱激发偏高岭土胶凝材料

土壤聚合物是一种具有发展潜力的碱激发胶凝材料.尝试利用榆林地区煤系高龄岩和内蒙地区一种价格低廉的芒硝工业尾矿来制备偏高岭土基胶凝材料的可行性.研究结果表明:试验所用废芒工业尾矿与偏高岭土混合所成型的试块不能凝结硬化. 添加5%NaOH可使该材料凝结硬化并具有一定的强度. 采用硅酸钠碱溶液外掺15%废芒硝工业尾矿能够有效消纳固体废弃物制备碱激发偏高岭土基胶凝材料,抗压强度达到42.5水泥强度等级的要求.     

Mechanical properties of gangue-containing aluminosilicate based cementitious materials

High performance aluminosilicate based cementitious materials were produced using calcined gangue as one of the major raw materials. The gangue was calcined at 500℃. The main constituent was calcined gangue, fly ash and slag, while alkali-silicate solutions were used as the diagenetic agent. The structure of gangue-containing aluminosilicate based cementitious materials was studied by the methods of IR, NMR and SEM. The results show that the mechanical properties are affected by the mass ratio between the gangue, slag and fly ash, the kind of activator and additional salt. For 28-day curing time, the compressive strength of the sample with a mass proportion of 2：1：1 （gangue： slag： fly ash） is 58.9 MPa, while the compressive strength of the sample containing 80wt% gangue can still be up to 52.3 MPa. The larger K^＋ favors the formation of large silicate oligomers with which AI（OH）4- prefers to bind. Therefore, in Na-K compounding activator solutions more oligomers exist which result in a stronger compressive strength of aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials than in the case of Na-containing activator. The reasons for this were found through IR and NMR analysis. Glauber＇s salt reduces the 3-day compressive strength of the paste, but increases its 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths.     

粉煤灰掺量对HDCC力学及收缩性能的试验研究

由于高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料（HDCC）收缩变形大和价格昂贵等问题，采用国产PVA纤维、粉煤灰等材料制备低收缩、低成本HDCC。采用微观试验和宏观试验进行分析，结果表明：随着粉煤灰掺量的增加，延迟了HDCC的水化反应，引起力学性能的降低，使纤维基体的界面微观力学参数发生改变，促进了纤维从基体中拔出，使延性和韧性显著提高，同时显著降低了收缩变形。     

PVA纤维水泥基材料力学性能试验研究

为了制备超高韧性的水泥基复合材料(ultra high toughness cementitious composites,UHTCC),通过抗压、抗折以及直接拉伸试验,结合扫描电镜(SEM)测试,探讨粉煤灰掺量、石英砂掺量对UHTCC力学性能的影响;通过粉煤灰-石英砂复配,研究超高韧性水泥基材料的最优粉煤灰-石英砂掺量配比.结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,抗压、抗折强度降低,拉伸变形增大,但是当粉煤灰质量/水泥质量(m(FA)/m(C))大于2.7后,拉伸变形提高缓慢;当石英砂质量/胶凝材料的质量(m(S)/m(B))为0.36时,拉伸变形性能最好;本文确定的最优粉煤灰-石英砂体系掺量为:m(FA)/m(C)-m(S)/m(B)=1.2-0.48,m(FA)/m(C)-m(S)/m(B)=2.2-0.36.     

矿渣-粉煤灰-氟石膏胶结材激发及毒性

研究了激发剂对氟石膏的激发效果和机理,复合氟石膏胶结材的强度、软化系数和浸出毒性。通过NaOH、Na2SO4和NaF对氟石膏激发试验,确定最优掺量均为1％。在此基础上,采用矿渣、粉煤灰、熟料对用量80％以上氟石膏进一步改性,发现Na2SO41％、矿渣2．5％、粉煤灰5％和氟石膏89％复合胶结材性能最好,28d抗压强度可达12．25MPa,软化系数可达0．70,浸出氟离子浓度降低到0．7485mg／L。SEM和XRD分析发现水化形成的二水石膏晶体与少量水化硅酸钙、钙矾石及氟化钙互相填充包裹,阻碍了水分进入,改善了复合胶结材耐水性能和降低了浸出毒性。     

湿排粉煤灰对混凝土性能的影响

通过实验室模拟研究不同湿法存放时间（1～60个月）的2种低钙粉煤灰的形貌、粒径和用于混凝土掺合料的性能变化。粉煤灰湿排后颗粒变粗,颗粒表面出现侵蚀,但颗粒形貌基本保持不变;湿排粉煤灰矿物减水效应明显降低,掺量为20％～40％的湿排粉煤灰混凝土坍落度比原状粉煤灰混凝土减少约20～40mm;掺加湿排粉煤灰的混凝土与外加剂适应性、抗渗和抗碳化无明显变化,坍落度经时损失有所降低;湿法存放3个月的粉煤灰掺量20％时混凝土28d和56d抗压强度比原状粉煤灰混凝土分别下降5．8％和3．7％,但掺量为20％的湿法存放36个月粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度比仍可以达到85％,湿法存放时间为3a和5a的粉煤灰混凝土强度无明显差别。研究结果表明,湿排低钙粉煤灰可以用作为混凝土掺合料。     

Impact properties of engineered cementitious composites with high volume fly ash using SHPB test

The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) testing with diameter 40 mm was used to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) with different fly ash content. The basic properties including deformation, energy absorption capacity, strain-stress relationship and failure patterns were discussed. The ECCs showed strain-rate dependency and kept better plastic flow during impact process compared with reactive powder concrete (RPC) and concrete, but the critical compressive strength was lower than that of RPC and concrete. The bridging effect of PVA fiber and addition of fly ash can significantly improve the deformation and energy absorption capacities of ECCs. With the increase of fly ash content in ECCs, the static and dynamic compressive strength lowered and the dynamic increase factor enhanced. Therefore, to meet different engineering needs, the content of fly ash can be an important index to control the static and dynamic mechanical properties of ECCs.     

Properties of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete Compensated by Metakaolin or Silica Fume

The compressive strength and dynamic modulus of high volume fly ash concrete with incorporation of either metakaolin or silica fume were investigated. The water to cementitious materials ratio was kept at 0.4 for all mixtures. The use of high volume fly ash in concrete greatly reduces the strength and dynamic modulus during the first 28 days. The decreased properties during the short term of high volume fly ash concrete is effectively compensated by the incorporation of metakaolin or silica fume. The DTA results confirmed that metakaolin or silica fume increase the amount of the hydration products. An empirical relationship between dynamic modulus and compressive strength of concrete has been obtained. This relation provides a nondestructive evaluation for estimating the strength of concrete by use of the dynamic modulus.     

增钙灰的粉煤灰效应分析

本文从定性、定量两方面分析了增钙灰的“粉煤灰效应”．研究表明,品质好的增钙灰具有明显的“粉煤灰效应”,可用做掺合料配制较高强度的混凝土,“粉煤灰效应”包含形态效应、活性效应、微集料效应三方面的综合作周,定量分析便于把握材料的性质,指导材料的应用。     

磷矿渣作掺和料的碾压混凝土性能试验

本试验分别从宏观、微观角度入手,研究磷矿渣替代粉煤灰作为碾压混凝土掺和料的可行性.原材料的化学成分分析及XRD分析说明磷矿渣是一种比较好的辅助性胶凝材料,适当粒度的磷矿渣掺入水泥混凝土中所起的作用基本和粉煤灰相当;与掺粉煤灰碾压混凝土相比,同掺量的磷矿渣碾压混凝土的后期力学性能均有所提高,除早期干缩略大外,其耐久性、热学性能均比粉煤灰碾压混凝土略优;将磷矿渣作为碾压混凝土掺和料使用,既可以减少环境污染,同时还可以缓解水工大体积碾压混凝土掺和料的供求矛盾.     

Preparation and Microstructure Analysis of High Strength Cementitious Materials Containing Metakaolin

The preparation and microstructure analysis of high strength cementitious materials containing metakaolin (MK) was studied in this paper. The MK was prepared firstly,and then was mixed with fly ash,ground blast furnace slag,quartz powder and cement with different percentage to produce high strength cementitious materials. After cured under different environment,the compressive strength of such materials was tested. Techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were further employed to identify the composition and microstructure. The results obtained reveal that the compressive strength of such materials mainly effected by component of raw materials,the water binder ratio (W/B) and the curing regime. When the three factors above are optimized,the compressive strength of such materials can get to 156 MPa in maximum. The X-ray diffraction analysis and the scanning electron microscopic images indicated that under optimal curing condition,more raw materials can take chemical reaction and the microstructure is dense to yield good mechanical properties.