齿轮润滑性能的多重网格技术应用研究

对齿轮的弹流润滑问题应用多重网格技术进行了数值计算与分析,并用于分析齿轮的弹流润滑性能。计算结果表明,多重网格技术应用于齿轮弹流数值计算具有收敛速度快、数值稳定性好等优点。增大齿轮的模数、传动比和压力角等参数,以及提高转速、增大润滑油粘度可以提高齿面间的润滑油膜厚度。     

渐开线齿轮润滑设计的多重网格数值模拟技术

针对石油矿场机械用齿轮的润滑设计问题，提出应用多重网格数值模拟技术进行分析设计的原理与方法，并用于分析典型齿轮的弹流润滑性能。计算结果表明，多重网格技术应用于齿轮弹流数值计算具有收敛速度快、数值稳定性好等优点。增大齿轮的模数、传动比和压力角，以及提高转速、增大润滑油粘度等参数可以提高齿面间的润滑油膜厚度，从而减少磨损、胶合等失效的发生。     

渐开线直齿轮时变热弹流润滑模拟

齿轮的非稳态弹流润滑问题，由于啮合过程中滑滚比、曲率半径、卷吸速度和载荷变化范围较大，因此数值计算稳定性很差。而考虑热效应的齿轮非稳态弹流润滑问题，数值计算就更困难。文中应用多重网格技术，考虑时变和温度场的影响，求得齿轮非稳态热弹流润滑问题的完全数值解，结果更接近实际。数值解得到轮齿的摩擦因数、油膜最高温升沿啮合线的变化规律以及两轮齿接触点中心压力、中心膜厚、最小膜厚沿啮合线的变化规律，同时获得任意瞬时轮齿接触点的压力、膜厚和轮齿间油膜温度分布，对分析齿轮传动问题具有重要意义。     

指数率非牛顿流体的等温线接触弹流润滑分析

应用多重网格解法，求得了指数率非牛顿流体在稳态等温线接触条件下的弹流润滑数值解，分析了油膜压力和油膜厚度随指数及滑滚比的变化关系，并与相同工况下牛顿流体弹流润滑的结果进行了比较。     

渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮非稳态弹流润滑分析

综合考虑轮齿在不同啮合点处的曲率半径、卷吸速度、轮齿载荷随时间的变化，考虑压力对流体粘度和密度的影响．利用多重网格技术求得齿轮非稳态弹流润滑的完全数值解。分析了单双齿承载载荷谱和啮入冲击载荷对齿轮弹流润滑的影响。     

橡胶滑块与镀镍钢环的水润滑机理分析

对水润滑橡胶轴承在完全水润滑条件下的标准实验模型进行了弹流理论建模,应用多重网格技术对理论模型进行了数值计算和结果分析。结果表明:完全水润滑条件下,在高速轻载时形成了弹流润滑,而在低速重载时,即使在完全水润滑条件下橡胶滑块与镀镍钢环之间也较难形成稳定的弹流润滑。计算结果与实验结果基本一致。     

磁场强度对水基磁流体滑动轴承弹流润滑性能的影响分析

建立了磁流体滑动轴承的弹流润滑数学模型,利用考虑热效应的Renolds方程,采用多重网格法、多重网格积分法和逐列扫描法,对磁场作用下的水基磁流体润滑滑动轴承的弹流性能进行数值分析。对比了有无磁场作用下的水基磁流体弹流润滑数值模拟结果,并探讨了磁感应强度对其膜厚和压力的影响。结果表明,在有磁场作用的条件下,不同磁粉体积分数下的水基磁流体的润滑膜膜厚比没有磁场作用时有所增加,但压力没有明显变化;在不同磁感应强度条件下,随着磁感应强度的增加,水基磁流体润滑膜厚增加,压力没有明显变化。     

海水润滑塑料轴承的微观热弹流润滑分析

考虑轴承表面海水润滑膜温度场和轴承表面横向粗糙度等因素,对塑料轴承的弹流润滑问题进行了研究。利用压力求解的多重网格法和弹性变形求解的多重网格积分法以及温度求解的逐列扫描技术,得到塑料轴承微观热弹流润滑问题的完全数值解,讨论了连续波状粗糙度、载荷、轴承转速对海水润滑膜压力及膜厚的影响。数值计算结果表明：轴承表面粗糙度对润滑膜压力和膜厚分布都有一定影响,连续波状粗糙度使润滑膜压力和膜厚分布产生振荡;转速和载荷对压力分布影响较小,随转速的增大、载荷的减小,膜厚都有明显的增大。     

机械结合面微观接触弹流润滑数值分析

结合传统点接触润滑问题和分形接触理论,将与表面形貌相关的微观参数引入部分膜弹流润滑问题,建立了机械结合面在润滑状态下的微观弹流分形点接触分析模型。对该模型进行无量纲化处理后,将其中的Reynolds方程、膜厚方程和载荷平衡方程分别采用有限差分法和二重积分的九点Simpson方法在求解域网格上进行离散,然后分别采用多重网格法和多重网格积分法计算得到润滑油膜压力和油膜厚度的三维分布。从计算结果可得,当微观接触表面具有一定粗糙度时,在出现油膜压力峰位置附近会出现油膜收缩。     

渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮非牛顿瞬态弹流润滑分析

齿轮的润滑设计都是应用理想牛顿流体的结果,但实际上,在中、轻载荷下Ree Eyring流体更符合实际。因 此研究齿轮在非牛顿润滑下的瞬态弹流机理,对于指导齿轮润滑问题的设计更具有工程实际价值。本文应用数值 稳定性好、收敛速度快和计算精度高的多重网格算法,得到了用Ree Eyring流体润滑的齿轮瞬态弹流问题的完全数 值解。     

渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮弹流润滑模型的建立

渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮的弹流润滑问题已经基本成熟，而对同样是线接触的渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮的弹流润滑求解却研究甚少并颇有争议。分析了斜齿轮齿廓曲面的形成及啮合特点，建立了研究渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮弹流润滑的物理模型和数学模型．通过数学推导，得到了膜厚方程，通过多重网格法即可获得渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮在某一瞬时的弹流润滑数值解。     

多重网格法求解微机械谐振器的挤压膜阻尼

针对求解MEMS挤压膜阻尼过程中存在的问题,采用了多重网格方法进行求解,与传统方法相比,应用于挤压膜中流体问题的求解具有收敛速度快,数值稳定性好的优点,求得了谐振器平板间的压力分布函数以及微谐振器的各个性能指标的值,研究了挤压膜中流体阻尼力的特性以及与谐振器件幅—频特性的关系。     

Multilevel solution for thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of rolling/sliding circular contacts

A fast multigrid approach is presented for the analysis of thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) under rolling/sliding circular contacts at high loads and high slip ratios with low computing time on a personal computer. This fast solver combines directiteration, multigrid, Newton-Raphson, Gauss-Seidel iteration, and multilevel multi-integration methods into one working environment that can reduce the computational complexity from O(n³ to O(nlnn) for the thermal EHL problem under rolling/sliding circular contacts. Since the couped Reynolds and energy equations are simultaneously solved by the Newton-Raphson scheme, the iteration for the convergence solution is less than those of the classical approach. Results show that thermal effects on the pressure profile and film thickness are significant for a wide range of loads, speeds and slip ratios. The maximum midfilm and surface temperature rise in the Hertzian contact region increases with increasing slip ratio, dimensionless speed, and load. The minimum film thickness decreases with increasing load and slip ratio, and decreasing dimensionless speed.     

Pure rolling elastohydrodynamic lubrication of short stroke reciprocating motion

The behavior of point contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) films under pure rolling short stroke reciprocating motion is investigated using both optical interferometry technique and theoretical analysis. The EHL films are recorded with a high-speed color camera and simulated with multigrid techniques. General variation of oil film under point contact reciprocating motion is explained by a comparison between a fully flooded simulation and an experiment with a frequency of 7.78 Hz. Influence of starvation is considered by another simulation under a higher working frequency of 14.4 Hz and the simulated results are compared with experimental results. Both simulations show good agreements quantitatively with experiments. In addition, general tribo-characteristics of EHL under fully flooded and starved conditions are discussed.     

Some simple elastohydrodynamic lubrication deformation models

By assuming that the elastic deformation taking place in an elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) contact can be described by a polynomial function, the corresponding pressure function can be determined by solving a linear integral equation. Some EHL models derived from applying this approach are described and briefly discussed.     

Low viscosity shear heating in piston skirts EHL in the low initial engine start up speeds

Absence of elastohydrodynamic lubricating (EHL) film causes piston wear in low speed cold initial engine start up, while shearing of low viscosity lubricant in few cycles affects its load carrying capacity. Shear heating effects are incorporated in 2-D hydrodynamic and EHL model by solving 2-D heat equation. EHL pressures are calculated using inverse solution technique. Comparative analysis is based on viscous dissipation coupled with piston motion, changes in pressure, film thickness and viscosity. This study suggests that the increase in temperature varies with speed to affect piston eccentricities, viscosity and film thickness. This optimizes low start up speed for a few engine cycles.     

A System-Approach to the Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Point-Contact Problem

The classical EHL point contact problem is solved using a new “system-approach,” similar to that introduced by Houpert and Ham-rock for the line-contact problem. Introducing a body-fitted coordinate system, the troublesome free-boundary is transformed to the fixed domain. The Newton-Raphson method can then be used to determine the pressure distribution and the cavitation boundary subject to the Reynolds boundary condition. This method provides an efficient and rigorous way of solving the EHL point contact problem with the aid of a supercomputer and a promising method to deal with the transient EHL point contact problem. A typical pressure distribution and film thickness profile are presented and the minimum film thicknesses are compared with the solution of Hamrock and Dowson. The details of the cavitation boundaries for various operating parameters are discussed.     

表面粗糙度对点接触弹流润滑性能的影响

本文应用多重网格法对椭圆接触的部分膜弹流问题进行了完全数值求解，计算中采用了Ｐａｔｉｒ－ｃｈｅｎｇ的平均流量模型及Ｇｅｅｎｗｏｏｄ和Ｔｒｉｐｐ的表面微峰弹性接触模型。在大量数值计算结果的基础上分析了表面粗糙度大小及纹理方向对点弹流的油膜厚度及微峰接触载荷的影响。     

The Influence of Moving Dent on Point EHL Contacts

A transient analysis for a dent passing through the conjunction of a point EHL contact was developed and solved numerically by using the multigrid method. Results show that the presence of sliding produces a noticeable pressure ridge and thus, a surface indentation at either leading side of the dent if the dent moves slower than the opposite surface, or at the trailing side if the dent moves faster than the opposite surface. The pressure ridge and surface indentation extend their lengths forward or backward from the dent in the sliding direction at a rate approximately half the sliding speed. The pressure fluctuation associated with the dent increases with increasing slide-to-roll ratio and dent depth, and decreases with increasing dent width in both x- and y-directions. The agreement between numerical simulation and experimental results obtained by Wedeven and Cusano (I) is remarkably close.     

线接触弹流问题中油膜厚度的理论计算

给出了一种线接触弹流问题中油膜厚度的理论计算公式。通过与不同参数下的数值计算结果进行比较,表明理论解能较好地反映油膜厚度的大小。并且这种理论分析也给计算接触区外压力分布和乏油问题提供了一条解决途径。