纤维/混杂纤维-矿渣地质聚合物复合材料的弯曲强度与弯曲韧性

碱激发矿渣地质聚合物存在脆性大、韧性差、易开裂等缺陷。利用纤维/混杂纤维对矿渣地质聚合物进行改性,以纤维-矿渣地质聚合物复合材料的弯曲强度与弯曲韧性作为考察指标,分析了3种单一纤维及2种混杂纤维对矿渣地质聚合物的增强与增韧效果。研究结果表明,碳纤维增强效果优于钢纤维、玄武岩纤维,钢纤维增韧效果优于碳纤维、玄武岩纤维,而玄武岩纤维增强及增韧效果相对较差;碳纤维与钢纤维混杂,可充分发挥碳纤维的增强效应和钢纤维的增韧效应,适当掺量下混杂纤维较单一纤维具有更好的增强与增韧效果;纤维与浆料的容重差对矿渣地质聚合物硬化体的均质性具有重要影响,碳纤维与钢纤维混杂可显著降低不同加载方向下矿渣地质聚合物弯曲强度与弯曲韧性的离散性。     

A generalized self-consistent method for nano composites accounting for fiber section shape under antiplane shear

A three-phase confocal elliptical cylinder model with interface stress is proposed. Based on the model, a generalized self-consistent method for the nano composites accounting for fiber section shape under antiplane shear is obtained. By applying the theory of Gurtin–Murdoch surface/interface and the conformal mapping technique, a closed-form solution of the effective antiplane shear modulus is obtained. Several existing solutions can be regarded as the degenerated cases. The major results are: (a) the effective antiplane shear modulus is size dependent when the size of the elliptical section fiber is on the order of nanometer, whereas the interface effect can be neglected when the fiber with large characteristic dimensions; (b) the interface effect of the nano fiber increases with the increase of the fiber section aspect ratio γ from 0 to 1; (c) the higher the fiber volume fraction is, the greater the interface effect is; (d) when the modulus of the fiber is small, the effective modulus of the nano composites depends strongly on the fiber interface effect, whereas when the modulus of the fiber is large, the fiber interface effect has little influence on the effective antiplane shear modulus.     

Modelling post-crack tension-softening behavior of fiber-reinforced materials

We present a general method for the traction-separation law for the cohesive model of fiber reinforced materials with brittle matrix. The proposed approach is based on results from the theories of marked point and fiber processes. The application of stochastic notions in the field of traction-separation laws and tension-softening curves for fiber reinforced composites allows the thorough investigation of the random effect of the fiber reinforcement on cohesive behavior. The presented method accounts for correlations between length and orientation as may be the case in real fiber reinforced composites. We study the influence of randomness of fiber length and degree of anisotropy on the post-crack tension softening curves. It turns out that fiber length and orientation distributions have a tremendous effect on the crack-opening behavior.     

Effects of fiber orientation angles of fiber-reinforced plastic on sand solid particle erosion behaviors

Solid particle erosion in industrial applications has been a serious problem in many engineering fields. Earlier studies on fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites were mainly focusing on the erosive wear behavior at several different impact angles. However, the effect of fiber orientation on FRP composites has not been thoroughly investigated. Since fiber orientation is one of the important factors in which causing erosive wear damages to FRP composites, in order to understand the virtue of this problem, it is important to investigate the effect of fiber orientation at different impact angles. In this research, the effect of fiber orientation of unidirectional fiber-reinforced plastic composites on erosive wear behavior was studied. Sandblasting-type erosion tests were conducted on the FRP composites with fiber orientation ranging at three impact angles to clarify the relation between fiber orientation and erosive wear behavior. The Dyneema fiber (ductile material) and the carbon fiber (brittle material) were used for the reinforcement fiber in FRP. From the result, it is confirmed that CFRP composites with higher fiber orientation angle erode faster than the composites with lower fiber orientation angle. But the erosion characteristic of DFRP was almost the same regardless of the fiber orientation angle. The damaged surfaces of the FRP composites were then analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and the possible erosion wear mechanisms were investigated.     

新拌超高性能纤维增强混凝土流动性能对其抗压强度的影响

钢纤维掺入能提高超高性能纤维增强混凝土(Ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete,UHPFRC)的抗压强度,但削弱新拌浆体的流动性能,降低了对抗压强度的增强效果,且影响UHPFRC的工作性能。为研究这种不利影响,以钢纤维体积分数和长径比为变量,进行了A、B两组试验。A组固定水胶比为0.18,不控制流动性能,主要研究钢纤维对流动性能和抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明,新拌UHPFRC流动性能随钢纤维的体积分数、长径比增加而下降;当钢纤维体积率超过一定值(2.00vol%)时,流动性能明显下降,抗压强度增强效果也相应下降。通过X-ray CT扫描发现钢纤维掺入减弱浆体的自密实能力,导致硬化后的基体内部孔隙尺寸增大和孔隙率增加,进而削弱抗压强度。综合考虑钢纤维掺入对抗压强度的正、负效应,提出了抗压强度的半经验预测公式。B组改变水胶比,控制扩展度为240 mm,对比A组研究流动性能控制后,钢纤维体积分数和长径比对抗压强度的影响规律。结果表明,钢纤维体积分数较大时,增大水胶比,保持一定流动性能,能有效提高纤维的增强效果;钢纤维体积分数较小时,在满足流动性能要求的前提下,减小水胶比,可以进一步提高抗压强度。在UHPFRC配合比设计时,应考虑钢纤维对流动性能的不利影响,以提高纤维的增强效应并保证其良好的工作性能。      

考虑扭转作用的钢管混凝土纤维梁模型

通过引入纤维梁截面的正应变平截面假定和剪应变线性分布假定, 根据美国学者Hsu 提出的转角软化桁架模型中的混凝土材料二维本构关系, 从基本的材料力学原理出发, 推导了可考虑扭转作用的钢管混凝土纤维梁单元的本构关系求解流程。基于大型通用有限元程序ABAQUS 提供的用户自定义子程序UEL, 采用FORTRAN语言开发了可考虑扭转作用的钢管混凝土纤维梁模型, 能够模拟钢管混凝土柱在轴力-弯矩-扭矩复合受力下的全过程力学行为, 并可考虑任意加载路径。该文所开发的纤维梁模型具有较高的精度和求解效率。     

Research on the interaction of three contact fibers in the fiber suspensions

Based on the slender-body theory, the governing equations for the mechanical interaction of one settling fiber with two fixed fibers in fiber suspensions were derived and solved numerically. In order to validate the model and method used in the paper, the interactions of two contact fibers were simulated and the results are in good accordance with the experiments. The results of three interacting fibers show that the initial contact point and the initial orientation angle of settling fiber have a significant effect, however, the angle between two fixed fibers has an insignificant effect, and the initial angular velocity of settling fiber has no effect on the interaction process of fibers. The settling fiber aspect ratio is not an independent parameter involving in the interaction between the fibers. The interaction duration increases as the fiber aspect ratio increases, however, the effect caused by reducing the diameter is more significant than that caused by increasing the length. The interaction duration is directly proportional to the solvent viscosity and verse directly to the fiber specific weight remarkably. Finally, a synthetic parameter A which contains the quantities affecting the interaction duration is derived to uniquely describe the total duration of interaction of the fibers.     

超声振动对玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料注射成型特性的影响

为了研究超声振动对纤维增强复合材料注射成型特性的影响,利用自行开发的超声辅助可视化注射成型实验装置对不同玻纤(GF)含量的GF增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料进行了超声外场作用下的可视化实验,观测分析了超声功率对复合熔体充填流动行为的影响。此外,通过对试样不同部位的金相观察,分析了超声功率对复合材料纤维取向的影响。结果表明:超声功率会对复合材料注射成型的充填流动行为及制品的纤维取向产生影响,而复合材料纤维含量对超声振动的效果也有直接影响。在纤维含量较低时,超声振动对基体材料微观形态的作用为影响复合材料充填流动性及纤维取向的主因;在纤维含量较高时,超声振动对纤维的作用为影响复合材料充填流动性及纤维取向的主因。研究结果为复合材料超声辅助成型技术的发展提供了依据。     

基于DSR试验的硅藻土/玄武岩纤维复合改性沥青性能研究

为探究硅藻土和玄武岩纤维复合改性对沥青性能的影响,通过动态剪切流变(DSR)试验,以硅藻土和玄武岩纤维掺量为自变量,深入分析玄武岩纤维和硅藻土复合改性对沥青高温和疲劳性能的影响;并根据CAM模型拟合分析了不同复合掺量硅藻土和玄武岩纤维对沥青流变特性的作用;通过双因素方差分析方法,研究玄武岩纤维和硅藻土之间的交互作用,并分析玄武岩纤维、硅藻土以及两者之间的交互作用对复合改性沥青各项性能影响的显著性。研究结果表明:复掺硅藻土和玄武岩纤维可以显著改善沥青的高温性能,降低沥青材料的温度敏感性,但玄武岩纤维掺量过多时,会对沥青性能产生不利影响。     

Investigation into the Fiber Orientation Effect on the Formability of GLARE Materials in the Stamp Forming Process

Glass-reinforced aluminum laminate (GLARE) is a new class of fiber metal laminates (FMLs) which has the advantages such as high tensile strength, outstanding fatigue, impact resistance, and excellent corrosion properties. GLARE has been extensively applied in advanced aerospace and automobile industries. However, the deformation behavior of the glass fiber during forming must be studied to the benefits of the good-quality part we form. In this research, we focus on the effect of fiber layer orientation on the GLARE laminate formability in stamp forming process. Experimental and numerical analysis of stamping a hemisphere part in different fiber orientation is investigated. The results indicate that unidirectional and multi-directional fiber in the middle layer make a significant effect on the thinning and also surface forming quality of the three layer sheet. Furthermore, the stress-strain distribution of the aluminum alloy and the unique anisotropic property of the fiber layer exhibit that fiber layer orientation can also affect the forming depths as well as the fracture modes of the laminate. According to the obtained results, it is revealed that multi-directional fiber layers are a good alternative compared to the unidirectional fibers especially when a better formability is the purpose.     

短纤维增强金属基复合材料基体中的应力分布及其变形特征

基体行为是影响随机分布短纤维增强金属基复合材料力学性能的一个重要因素。本文作者将在短纤维复合材料单纤维三维模型的基础上, 借助于弹塑性有限元分析方法, 研究在加载过程中, 不同纤维位向和界面结合状态下基体中的应力分布情况及基体的变形特征。研究表明, 该类复合材料中基体的应力分布情况和变形特征将受到纤维位向改变和界面结合强弱的显著影响。      

接头尺寸对玻璃纤维/热塑性树脂复合材料机械连接性能的影响接头尺寸对玻璃纤维/热塑性树脂复合材料机械连接性能的影响

对玻璃纤维/聚酰胺（GF/PA）、玻璃纤维/聚甲醛（GF/POM）、玻璃纤维/聚丙烯（GF/PP）这三种玻璃纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料进行机械连接试样的常规拉伸试验,以及低周疲劳拉伸试验,并对疲劳前后的试样断裂面进行SEM观察,研究了接头尺寸（宽径比w/d （试样宽度/开孔直径）和端径比e/d （试样端距/开孔直径））对机械连接件破坏载荷和破坏模式的影响。实验结果表明:玻璃纤维增强纤热塑性树脂复合材料机械连接件的承载能力在一定的宽径比时会随着e/d的增加而增加,当w/d≥3、e/d≥2时趋于稳定;破坏模式以拉伸破坏为主;低周疲劳拉伸对GF/POM和GF/PA机械连接试样拉伸强度产生一定的影响,而对GF/PP的拉伸强度无明显影响,低周疲劳拉伸对玻璃纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料机械连接试样的破坏模式没有影响。SEM观察显示,随着疲劳载荷水平的增加,GF/POM和GF/PA的断裂面上被抽拔纤维数量增加,而GF/PP断裂面纤维与基体的存在状态无明显变化。      

溅射镀铝碳纤维质量的研究

针对制取C／Al复合材料、C／Al间润湿与结合牢固度问题，以及CVD法涂Al在高温损伤碳纤维等难题，采用磁控溅射镀加溅射离子镀膜方法，在碳纤维表面镀Al膜。系统地研究了碳纤维镀Al的界面变化、组分分布、受热强度变化等内容，讨论C／Al复合材料的复合工艺问题。研究结果表明，磁控溅射法碳纤维镀Al膜表面光洁、均匀、规整、C／Al润湿、结合牢固，无化学反应损伤碳纤维现象。镀铝碳纤维受热后拉伸强度稍有降低，但无化学反应及生成Al4C3的现象。研究结果能给C／Al复合材料的制备创造工艺条件。     

基于高Q腔法测试氮化硅纤维的介电性能

氮化硅纤维具有优异的耐高温性能和透波能力,是理想的高温透波增强材料。本文对高Q腔法测试陶瓷纤维介电性能的样品制备和测试方法进行了研究和优化。研究发现,介电测试试样中纤维含量应不低于20wt%,含量过低易导致计算所得的纤维介电常数偏低;同时短切纤维的长度主要影响介电测试数据的离散性,由长度不大于1.0 mm的短纤维所制试样质量高,介电测试结果稳定性更佳。对比讨论了Lichtenecker、Bruggeman和Looyenga三种介电混合模型的适用性,最终基于Lichtenecker介电常数对数混合法则计算得到石英纤维的相对介电常数与文献报道数据较一致。分析表明,氮化硅纤维在10 GHz频率下的相对介电常数为4.4,损耗角正切值为0.0005,是优异的低介电高透波材料。同时,表面上浆剂通过改变纤维表面极性特征,对氮化硅纤维介电性能尤其介电损耗产生显著影响。      

Kerr bistability in an optical fiber ring resonator with a 3 × 3 planar fiber coupler

A theoretical study of bistability caused by the optical Kerr effect in a type 1 optical fiber ring resonator connected to a 3 × 3 planar coupler is presented. The dependence of the bistability on various parameters of the fiber and the coupler is investigated. A comparison between the bistable characteristics of this ring resonator and those of a fiber ring resonator with a 3 × 3 equilateral triangular (nonplanar) fiber coupler is made.     

三维编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料横向压缩性质的温度效应

采用实验和有限元方法,研究了三维编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在低温场（20、0、-50、-100℃）中横向压缩性质温度效应。研究结果表明：温度对碳纤维/环氧树脂横向压缩模量、屈服应力及切向模量均有不同程度影响。三维编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料横向压缩后,试样表面形貌受温度影响显著。低温场中,表面鳞纹现象减弱,且纱线-树脂间界面出现开裂。温度降低导致碳纤维/环氧树脂内部产生热应力。热应力对碳纤维/环氧树脂力学性能影响有限,不是温度效应的主导因素。基体性质随温度变化是三维编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料横向压缩性质温度效应的主要机制。     

聚乙烯醇乳液改性对汉麻秸秆纤维/水泥基复合材料性能的影响

为解决汉麻秸秆纤维/水泥基复合材料力学性能较差的问题,本文提出采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)乳液对汉麻秸秆纤维/水泥基复合材料进行改性。在优化秸秆纤维的粒径和掺入量后,采用PVA乳液与秸秆纤维和水泥进行共混成型,制备了改性后的汉麻秸秆纤维/水泥基复合材料。研究了不同质量比的PVA乳液对汉麻秸秆纤维/水泥基复合材料的抗折强度、密度、比强度和弯曲韧性的影响,通过含水率、吸水率及红外光谱测试揭示了PVA乳液对汉麻秸秆纤维/水泥基复合材料的改性机制。结果表明:汉麻秸秆纤维粒径为1700 μm及掺入量为12%时,秸秆纤维对汉麻秸秆纤维/水泥基复合材料的增强作用最好。随着PVA乳液质量比的增加,改性后汉麻秸秆纤维/水泥基复合材料的密度逐渐减小,弯曲韧性逐渐提高。当PVA乳液质量比为4.8%时,相较于未改性的汉麻秸秆纤维/水泥基复合材料,改性后的汉麻秸秆纤维/水泥基复合材料抗折强度和比强度分别提高了17.17%和20.50%。通过PVA乳液改性使汉麻秸秆纤维/水泥基复合材料中秸秆纤维与水泥之间的界面得到改善,并缓解了秸秆纤维对水泥水化反应的阻碍作用。      

A micromechanical analysis of fiber crack propagation in composite materials due to transverse tensile loads

The fiber crack propagation in composites due to transverse tensile loads is studied using a micromechanical model and Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics. To approach the problem, a three domain cylindrical model is introduced to simulate the fiber cracking. The model problem is then solved by the dislocation and singular integral equation techniques. The stress intensity factors of the fiber crack are calculated for various situations. It is found that fiber anisotropy has hardly any effect on the fiber crack propagation; “reverse composites” (composites in which fiber is less stiff than the matrix, such as Nicalon/SiC ceramic composite) virtually eliminate fiber crack propagation.     

Fiber Orientation Mechanism of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics Hybrid Parts Joined with Metallic Pins

Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic (CFRT) hybrid parts offer interesting possibilities for lightweight application, which can exceed the capabilities of mono material metal or CFRT parts. In this case, the joining technology oftentimes is the limiting factor. This study investigates a joining operation with metal pin structures which are additively manufactured via powder bed fusion featuring different diameters and tip geometries, which are inserted into the locally infrared heated CFRT part. The resulting fiber rearrangement is assessed using transmitted light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy as well as micro-computer-tomography. It could be shown that for all assessed pin variants a similar distinct fiber displacement can be seen and that the pin diameter has a significant effect on the resulting fiber orientation with smaller pin diameters being advantageous because of gentle fiber displacement and reduced undulation. The tip geometry has only minor effect on the fiber orientation. Especially in the X/Y plane no systematic influence of the tip geometry on the fiber displacement could be observed. Based on the gained insights a three-stage model of the fiber orientation processes is proposed.

     

Analysis of effect of fiber orientation on Young’s modulus for unidirectional fiber reinforced composites

Young’s modulus of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites for wind energy applications were studied using analytical, numerical and experimental methods. In order to explore the effect of fiber orientation angle on the Young’s modulus of composites, from the basic theory of elastic mechanics, a procedure which can be applied to evaluate the elastic stiffness matrix of GFRP composite as an analytical function of fiber orientation angle (from 0° to 90°), was developed. At the same time, different finite element models with inclined glass fiber were developed via the ABAQUS Scripting Interface. Results indicate that Young’s modulus of the composites strongly depends on the fiber orientation angles. A U-shaped dependency of the Young’s modulus of composites on the inclined angle of fiber is found, which agree well with the experimental results. The shear modulus is found to have significant effect on the composites’ Young’s modulus, too. The effect of volume content of glass fiber on the Young’s modulus of composites was investigated. Results indicate the relation between them is nearly linear. The results of the investigation are expected to provide some design guideline for the microstructural optimization of the glass fiber reinforced composites.