油气井产量递减分析新方法

针对油气田产量递减规律,广大研究者提出多种产量递减模型,如:Arps模型、SEPD模型、Duong模型以及它们之间的组合模型等。在实际生产中,由于递减模型种类繁复,使用条件不同等原因,在应用递减分析时难以选择最优递减模型。通常做法是利用线性拟合或非线性拟合方法拟合实际生产数据,通过相关系数高低来确定选择的模型,这种选择办法需对每种模型都进行拟合,计算工作量较大。鉴于此,提出一种新的产量递减模型,通过理论验证,确定新模型既包含Arps递减规律,也涵盖SEPD模型和Duong模型。实际生产数据分析表明,该方法拟合精度高,适用范围广,可有效避免模型选择问题,为递减分析方法选择提供了依据。     

变分调整的海面风场数值模式

精确地给出协调的海面风场是正确模拟出海浪等海洋环境要素场的前提条件,特别在强海况的情况下尤其如此。本文给出了利用边界层动力学模式进行变分调整方法确定海面逐时风场的全过程。     

地质建模技术

介绍了油气藏地质建模技术的发展历程，分别阐述了地质建模技术的2个重要组成部分：生成几何构型的构造建模技术，以及描述储层非均质性的属性建模技术。结合油气藏勘探开发不同阶段的任务与目标，论述了迭代建模在油气藏勘探开发中的作用。     

应用储层随机建模方法细分沉积相

为保证油田的中、后期开发效果,就要做好油藏地质工作中的细分沉积相研究。提出了细分沉积相研究的新方法,以油藏为研究对象,利用其储层构造、沉积特征、测井数据、储层非均质等研究资料,建立地质数据库,应用储层随机建模的三维可视化技术对油藏构造、沉积微相和油藏属性建立三维模型,并由此对该区域沉积微相划分等地质工作进行验证和修改,建立起符合本研究区储层性质的沉积微相和物性分布,为数值模拟奠定基础。     

Adsorption behavior of petroleum asphaltenc Adsorption model

Asphaltene is one of the most heavy components, asphaltene adsorption is a serious problem in oil production and processing. In this paper, the progress in the investigation of asphaltene adsorption from the aspects of adsorption model and adsorption behavior is reviewed. Asphaltene of adsorption model include the Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich, Rcdlich-Pctcrson, BET adsorption isothcrm. The adsorption behavior of asphaltene was characterized by a variety of structure-probing methods such as N：-adsorption, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, small-angle X-ray scattering （SAXS） measurements, and FT-IR spectroscopy. To understand better the adsorption progress of petroleum, asphaltene must understand the whole adsorption behavior of asphaltene.     

基于Hammerstein模型的预测控制在化工过程中的应用

PTA生产中的浆料配置系统具有Hammerstein模型的特性，利用基于Hammerstein模型的非线性模型预测控制对它进行了应用研究。现场实际应用效果表明控制系统具有良好品质。     

出砂预测模型综述

油田现场中经常可以碰到出砂的情况,严重的出砂极大地干扰了油田生产,因此建立一个准确实用的出砂预测模型来预测现场出砂具有极大的意义.参考了国内外各种出砂预测技术的文献,发现在各种出砂预测模型中,都不外乎是在理论上或实验室内所设计的出砂预测模型.     

致密碎屑岩气藏模型研究

研究了XC气藏致密碎屑岩储层的各种模型方法,包括正演模型、多种参数的反演模型、AVO模型、调谐模型等。通过模型研究总结致密碎屑岩气藏的地震响应特征,为多学科相结合进行气藏描述提供帮助。     

Experimental study and a proposed new approach for thermodynamic modeling of wax precipitation in crude oil using a PC-SAFT model

A powerful method is necessary for thermodynamic modeling of wax phase behavior in crude oils,such as the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory(PC-SAFT).In this work,a new approach based on the wax appearance temperature of crude oil was proposed to estimate PC-SAFT parameters in thermodynamic modeling of wax precipitation from crude oil.The proposed approach was verified using experimental data obtained in this work and also with those reported in the literature.In order to compare the performance of the PC-SAFT model with previous models,the wax precipitation experimental data were correlated using previous models such as the solid solution model and multi-solid phase model.The results showed that the PC-SAFT model can correlate more accurately the wax precipitation experimental data of crude oil than the previous models,with an absolute average deviation less than 0.4 %.Also,a series of dynamic experiments were carried out to determine the rheological behavior of waxy crude oil in the absence and presence of a flow improver such as ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer.It was found that the apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil decreased with increasing shear rate.Also,the results showed that the performance of flow improver was dependent on its molecular weight.     

海上风力机桩-土相互作用模型分析

以单桩式海上风力机为例,着重研究了模拟桩土相互作用的三种简化模型：分布弹簧模型、底端刚性固定模型以及耦合弹簧模型。基于API规范以及静力学与动力学相似分析其等效基本原理,推导了模型中各参数间的关系。并以NREL-5 MW风机设计了海上风力机的单桩基础,以此建立三种基础简化模型。计算了各简化模型下整个风力机结构的前两阶固有频率,结果表明：各基础简化模型下风力机动力特性相似,可用于模拟真实结构进行动力响应分析。最后,总结了基础简化模型各自的特点和应用,以及建立模型时需注意的问题。     

Development of growth and survival models for Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes during non-isothermal time-temperature profiles in leafy greens

Leafy greens contaminated with Salmonella enterica have been linked to large number of illnesses in many countries in recent years. Listeria monocytogenes is also a pathogen of concern for leafy greens because of its prevalence in the growing and processing environment and its ability to grow at refrigeration temperatures. Experimental data for the growth and survival of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes under different conditions and storage temperatures were retrieved from published studies. Predictive models were developed using the three-phase linear model as a primary growth model and square-root model to calculate specific growth rate (ln CFU g⁻¹ h⁻¹) at different temperatures (°C). The square-root model for S. enterica was calculated as μ = (0.020(Temperature+0.57))². The square-root model for L. monocytogenes was fitted as μ = (0.023(Temperature-0.60))². The growth-survival model for S. enterica and growth model for L. monocytogenes were validated using several dynamic time-temperature profiles during the production and supply chain of leafy greens. The models from this study will be useful for future microbial risk assessments and predictions of behavior of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes in the leafy greens production and supply chain.     

Predictive model for the growth kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes in raw pork meat as a function of temperature

This study was performed to develop a predictive growth model of Listeria monocytogenes to ensure the safety of raw pork. The pork samples were inoculated with a cocktail of two L. monocytogenes strains ATCC 15313 and L13-2 isolated from pork and were stored at 5, 15, and 25 °C. Results were evaluated using the MicroFit program. To develop primary models, the Baranyi, modified Gompertz, and Logistic model equations were applied to the observed data. The mathematically predicted growth rate parameters were evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R²), bias factor (B_f), accuracy factor (A_f), and mean square error (MSE). The Baranyi model, which showed an R² of 0.998 and MSE of 0.006, was more suitable than the modified Gompertz and Logistic models. In validation study of secondary model, it appeared that MSE's of specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) were relatively accurate and suitable for modeling the growth of L. monocytogenes. These values indicated that the developed models were acceptable for expressing the growth of microorganisms on raw pork, which can be applied to ensure the safety of meats and to establish standards for avoiding microbial contamination.     

发达国家资源安全供应模式及其借鉴意义

发达国家资源安全供应模式主要有比较优势模式、贸易—投资模式、系统论模式。符合本国特点的资源安全供应模式能够对国家经济发展起到促进作用,美国、日本及俄罗斯就是很好的例证;反之则可能使本国经济发展付出沉重的代价。研究发达国家的资源安全供应模式机理,对保障我国资源安全供应有着重要的借鉴意义:一是资源安全供应的保障思路及措施必须随着时代的变化而及时调整;二是资源安全供应的保障措施必须紧密结合本国的特点;三是利用国外资源要趋于多元化,并且要以系统的观念来保障本国资源的安全供应;四是应建立战略性资源储备,高度重视资源运输过程中的安全问题。     

油田开发五年(滚动)规划的逐年实施方法研究

根据油田开发规划计划编制的需求,建立了油田开发五年规划模型,预测了产量逐年自然递减量。在此基础上,研究了五年(滚动)规划模型的逐年实施模型和规划方法,确定了滚动开发规划与年度计划的理论对应关系。中国石油2001—2005规划实际应用表明,所建立的模型具有一定科学性、可靠性和可操作性,为开发规划工作和优化投资提供了一种定量决策的方法。     

相控建模技术在河流相复杂断块的应用

港东油田二区一二断块为河流相复杂断块油田，为提高油气资源开发水平，挖掘剩余油潜力，通过构造、沉积微相、属性三步建模的方法，在二区一二断块建立了定量三雏可视化地质模型，并将其结果应用于数值模拟和地质综合研究。取得了明显的效果；为河流相复杂断块油藏相控地质建模提供了先例。     

沉积微相约束下的储层物性参数建模研究

在地震、测井、地质原始资料综合解释等基础上,以胜坨油田坨28块沙二段Es42砂组为研究对象,应用 Petrel储层建模软件,建立研究区的构造模型和沉积微相模型,并采用随机模拟的方法,以沉积微相为约束条件,对储层进行井间参数预测,进而得到研究区的储层属性模型。通过对比和检验相控与非相控模型,可知相控建模技术实现储集层属性分布和沉积微相的对应性,能真实地反映平面上和纵向上储层的非均质特性和连通性展布规律,与油藏实际地质认识相佐证,证实了相控建模的合理性和科学性,为油藏后续开发方案的设计提供指导。     

基于Gompertz的灰色模型预测油田产量

随着我国合作开发的海外油田项目日益增多,从目前和长远来说,快速预测油田产量,对于项目的正确评估是一项重要任务。基于Gompertz模型可以很好表征和描述“S”型曲线的特点,以及灰色模型建模适用数据点较少的优点,提出一种基于Gompertz的灰色模型用以预测油田累计产量的新方法。经实例验算,该模型回归拟合历史数据具有强的抗干扰能力,拟合精度高;利用基于Gompertz的灰色模型预测油气田产量具有一定的准确性和可靠性。     

PETREL软件在油藏储层地质建模中的应用实例

三维可视化地质建模技术通过建立三维储层地质模型、定量形象分布油藏三维参数及几何形态、提高井间地球物理特性的内插精度来提高油藏精细描述的可靠性和准确度。它可以在三维空间中多角度观察和描述油藏,加深地质研究人员对油藏地质特征和油藏参数分布的认识,为地质、地球物理和油藏开发的一体化、高级可视化应用奠定基础,从而为油田详探、制订和调整开发方案提供重要依据。本文在了解地质建模研究现状的基础上,利用Petrel软件按照由点到面到体的建模基本步骤,建立了新疆油田A区块的构造模型、断层模型、属性参数模型,从而为油藏的开发方案的制定和调整提供地质借鉴。     

海水声速模型研究进展及南海声速模型展望

总结海水声速模型研究进展,将海水声速模型分为数学模型和数值模型。数学模型以经验公式、Munk模型、GDEM(Generalized Digital Environmental Model)为典型代表,数值模型以经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function, EOF)模型为主要类型,基于全球数据集得到广泛应用。数学模型具有良好的拓展性但过于理想;数值模型可达到较高的声速拟合精度,但也存在局限性,需要进一步发展。以南海声速模型为切入点,总结南海声速模型的研究需要和应用需求,认为南海海水声速模型将在高精度宏观三维声速模型、动态预报宏观声速模型的方向上不断深化应用领域,取得新的进展。     

储层地质模型与油藏模拟模型之间的桥梁——一种有效的模型粗化方法

针对油田储层地质模型向油藏模拟模型转化中粗化软件存在的问题 ,提出了一种实用的网格粗化方法 ,并编制了模型粗化程序 ,还给出了检验粗化结果的 5个要点。应用效果表明 ,该粗化方法是有效的 ,它较好地解决了地质模型与油藏模型之间的转化问题