Plug and Chug, Cram and Flush

Productivity has become a norm in modern society. It is used to judge the worth of individuals, programs, institutions, and whole societies. To challenge this norm is a modern heresy. This paper makes such a heretical challenge. The problem is that linear presumptions have become so embedded in our language and practices that we take them for granted. Linearity presumes that wholes can be broken down into parts. The Good, the worth of a whole, is presumed to be the sum of its goods, the worth of its parts. If the world were linear, the humor of a joke, the whole, could be determined by adding up the humor content of its parts, the words. Clearly, this is absurd. This paper reasons that this linear absurdity applies to much of what we do in the name of productivity. A nonmathematical way of describing nonlinear behaviors in human affairs is presented. Engineering education is examined as an illustration of general phenomena in human affairs that are hidden by linear presumptions. If such phenomena are common in human affairs, then our linear habits of thought and practice are seriously deficient, productivity as a norm is too often misguided, and common notions of responsibility are insufficient to meet our ethical ideals.     

Amiodarone and mortality in CHF and post-MI

Substance abuse is well documented among bodybuilders and weight lifters keen to enhance their performance. A case is described of abuse of caffeine to toxic levels by an amateur bodybuilder and is believed to be the first documented case of such recreational abuse.     

Nutrition and bone disease in the dog and cat

The most commonly encountered nutritional bone disease is nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. This is primarily of importance in the dog but is occasionally seen in kittens, particularly of the Siamese breed, and is often associated with the feeding of owner compiled, meat-rich diets. Classic rickets is now a rare clinical entity. Hypertrophic osteodystrophy is regularly seen in the larger breeds of dog and the aetiology remains obscure. Hypervitaminosis A associated with liver-rich diets is often encountered in the cat. Hypovitaminosis A has been described but its true clinical significance is unknown.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

萃取法分离钪与铁的研究

赤泥是铝工业生产过程中的废弃物,其中含有有价值的金属钪,通过盐酸浸出、有机溶剂萃取可实现钪的富集分离。当选用w(P204)为1%和w(TBP)为1%的萃取剂、1∶1的V(O)∶V(A)(O为有机相,A为水相)时,在3 mol/L的酸度下进行10 min振荡萃取后,钪的提取率可达到90%以上,铁的提取率只有3.6%,钪与铁的分离系数为312,为后续钪的进一步提取提供了有力的条件。     

High and low density water and resting, active and transformed cells

Melanoma is prone to spread to the brain and is the third most common source of intracranial metastasis. Patients usually present with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, a new focal neurologic deficit, or seizures. Contrasted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the single most valuable imaging modality. Surgical therapy is the appropriate choice for single lesions that are accessible, especially if they are causing significant mass effect or are located in the posterior fossa. Patients with several intracranial metastases who undergo resection of all lesions may have a similar prognosis to those with single resected lesion. Stereotactic radiosurgery appears to provide good local control of small lesions. External beam radiotherapy may provide some benefit to patients, and is often used in conjunction with surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery. To date, chemotherapy has been limited because of chemo-resistance and drug delivery issues. Future directions for treatment may include local sustained delivery of either chemotherapy or immunoregulatory molecules.     

国内外钢铁工业能耗现状和发展趋势及节能对策

重点研究了能源利用方式粗放、浪费严重、效率不高的问题，技术已经成为制约行业发展的瓶颈，受资金和技术条件限制，一部分技术装备水平低、消耗高、环境污染严重的中小企业，将面临被淘汰和被兼并的命运。利用新技术是当前节能工作的重点。     

Organizational stress and the use and misuse of managerial intelligence and experience.

Four studies in military organizations investigated the conditions under which personnel in leadership positions (infantry squad leaders, 1st sergeants, Coast Guard staff, and battalion and line officers) effectively use their intelligence and experience in the performance of their tasks. The use of intelligence or experience is inferred from the correlation between intelligence or experience and rated task performance. The 4 studies provide consistent evidence that individuals use their intelligence if the relationship with their immediate superior is nonstressful; they fail to use their intelligence or they misuse it when stress with the superior is high. Experience is used effectively when this stress is high but not when it is low. The discussion relates these findings to current theories of stress and anxiety and to social facilitation theory. (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Autism and known medical conditions: myth and substance

There is general agreement that autism has an organic basis but there is less agreement on the frequency with which it is associated with known medical conditions. The evidence in the literature on the latter point is reviewed and it is concluded that the rate of known medical conditions in autism is probably about 10%; however the rate appears to be higher in cases of autism associated with profound mental retardation and in cases of atypical autism.     

Screening and treatment of children and adolescents with hypercholesterolemias and dyslipidemias

Evidence was provided that atherogenesis develops for several decades before pathological changes are manifested. It may thus be stated, that the "incubation period" of atherosclerotic pathological consequences is very long but it is reduced markedly already from childhood and adolescence in subjects with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype comprises subjects suffering from one or more, frequently from a combination of several of the following metabolic indicators: hypercholesterolaemia, elevated levels of LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a), reduced levels of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1. The atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype is in 95% conditioned by inborn metabolic errors, i.e. familial hyperlipoproteinaemia and dyslipoproteinaemia. In the population the following are encountered most frequently: combined familial hyperlipidaemia, familial hypertriacylglycerolaemia and familial hypercholesterolaemia. Active screening and treatment of children and adolescents from these affected families is of great importance in primary prevention of atherosclerotic complications in adult age.     

Social and psychological resources and adaptation.

Psychology has increasingly turned to the study of psychosocial resources in the examination of well-being. How resources are being studied and resource models that have been proffered are considered, and an attempt is made to examine elements that bridge across models. As resource models span health, community, cognitive, and clinical psychology, the question is raised of whether there is overuse of the resource metaphor or whether there exists some underlying principles that can be gleaned and incorporated to advance research. The contribution of resources for understanding multicultural and pan-historical adaptation in the face of challenge is considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

稀土矿区地下水“三氮”分布特征及迁移转化规律

三氮"浓度是稀土矿区地下水质量评价的重要指标,"三氮"污染特征的分析以及迁移转化规律的揭示对水环境监测和污染治理具有重要意义。以龙南离子型稀土矿区地下水为研究对象,通过钻孔取样和水质分析,探讨地下水中"三氮"的分布特征以及迁移转化规律。结果表明:1)龙南稀土矿区地下水中,"三氮"在松散岩孔隙水中的浓度略大于风化带裂隙水,NH₃-N浓度远超地下水Ⅲ类水标准,最大超标倍数48.42倍,超标率31.71%,NO₃-N、NO₂-N浓度较低,无明显超标现象。2)NH₃-N以浸矿区为中心,沿地下水径流方向迁移,水平迁移距离约3500m;"三氮"在松散岩类孔隙水中的迁移速度大于在风化带网状裂隙水,土体渗透系数越大,"三氮"迁移速度越快。3)"三氮"在地下水中的转化机制主要是硝化反应、反硝化反应以及NH4⁺的挥发作用和NO2^-的自分解反应,pH是影响矿区地下水中"三氮"富集以及相互转化的重要因素。     

Sulfation of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics--interactions and function in health and disease

Sulfation is a major detoxication mechanism for endogenous compounds and xenobiotics performed by a family of sulfotransferase isoenzymes. Understanding the normal cellular functions of these different sulfotransferases and the way in which endogenous and exogenous factors are able to influence their activity and expression will provide us with the information necessary to develop novel therapeutic strategies for conditions where sulfation may be implicated. This concept is discussed and is illustrated by examples including adverse drug reactions, fetal development and cancer.     

中小企业与电子商务

介绍了电子商务的定义、功能和分类，分析了企业开展电子商务的优越性，最后阐述了中小企业怎样利用网络从事电子商务。     

Imaging and lung disease: uses and interpretation

Diagnostic imaging has undergone a profound revolution since the first computed tomography (CT) unit was conceived in 1971; CT is now an integral part of daily practice in thoracic radiology, and has reached a relative technological maturity. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been introduced more recently. Technical difficulties still exist and are related to cardiac and respiratory motion. The storage-phosphor-based computed radiography system provides several advantages, including compensation for variations in exposure, but is still under evaluation especially in bedside radiography. Nevertheless careful plain film analysis still remains an important examination, and should be done before special procedures are taken to answer specific questions. Routine chest radiography is still the most frequent method of imaging employed today. Radiographic studies can suggest airway pathology such as atelectasis, endobronchial neoplasia or bronchiectasis, but CT provides a unique strategy for the localization and characterization of bronchial and pulmonary parenchymal disease. The most important role of CT is to determine, localize and characterize patterns within the pulmonary parenchyma, and correctly identify bronchiectasis even when bronchography is equivocal. In lung cancer, imaging has an important role in accurate staging with regard to the correct selection of patients and evaluation of prognosis. CT is one of the major tests used for staging. The staging system now adopted worldwide is based upon AJCC and ATS classification, and has two major components: anatomic extent of the disease (TNM) and cell types. The role of MRI with regard to lung cancer is not precisely determined. MRI can play a complementary role in the staging of lung cancer in cases of superior sulcus tumour; pericardial involvement, tumoral extension in subcarinal region and invasion of the superior vena cava. The radiologic detection of the solitary nodule is a difficult charge for the radiologist; CT provides the precise localization of the nodule and is reliable for analysing radiologic features such as calcification, cavitation, and spiculated borders. The problem remains of the discovery of an incidental benign pulmonary nodule in the patient with an extrathoracic malignancy, and often necessitates percutaneous biopsy under CT guidance. The evaluation of diffuse lung disease lies on pattern recognition. Chest radiography is the initial tool for diagnosis, high resolution CT (HRCT) can provide routine visualization of structures of less than 500 mu. HRCT can be useful in formulating a differential diagnosis with recognition of pattern and distribution of the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Noradrenaline and ATP: cotransmitters and neuromodulators

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a cotransmitter with noradrenaline (NA) in sympathetic nerves supplying the vas deferens and a number of blood vessels. ATP is responsible for the excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) in response to single nerve impulses and the initial twitch responses of the smooth muscle, while NA produces the longer-lasting tonic contractions. The proportions of ATP to NA vary between different sympathetic nerves; they also change during development and in some pathological conditions, including hypertension. Prejunctional neuromodulation of release of the two cotransmitters appears to involve independent mechanisms and is frequency dependent; this raises the question of whether ATP and NA are stored in separate vesicles or whether there are subpopulations of sympathetic nerves with a predominance of ATP or NA. ATP and NA have synergistic postjunctional actions, whether excitatory (as in the vas deferens and most blood vessels) or inhibitory (as in rabbit coronary vessels). It is suggested that use of the term 'adrenergic nerves' as a synonym for sympathetic nerves is no longer appropriate, although 'adrenergic transmission' or 'purinergic transmission' are still useful terms.     

氢的大规模制备及在钢铁行业的应用和展望

中国钢铁产量占世界总产量的一半以上,随着全球“碳达峰”“碳中和”的推进,钢铁行业面临着巨大的低碳发展挑战。氢能被认为是一种低碳能源,“以氢代碳”是实现源头降碳和流程低碳转型的重要途径之一。重点介绍氢气基本性质、制备来源与碳排放的关系,探讨煤制氢、天然气制氢、甲醇制氢和电解水制氢4种主流大规模制氢路线的技术特性、发展现状、制备成本和发展方向,结合钢铁行业的用氢特点,对氢在氢冶金和燃料替代方面的应用前景进行分析展望,提出中国钢铁行业通过实施氢能利用逐步实现低碳转型的发展路径。     

Damage Detection and Damage Detectability— Analysis and Experiments

A technique to identify structural damage in real time using limited instrumentation is presented. Contrast maximization is used to find the excitation forces that create maximum differences in the response of the damaged structure and the analytical response of the undamaged structure. The optimal excitations for the damage structure are then matched against a database of optimal excitations to locate the damage. To increase the reliability of the approach under modeling and measurement errors, the contrast maximization approach is combined with an approach based on changes in frequency signature. The detectability of any particular damage with the proposed technique depends on the ratio of the magnitude of damage and the magnitude of errors in the measurements, as well as on how much the damage influences the measurements. A damage detectability prediction measure, that incorporates these effects, is developed. The technique is first tested numerically on a 36 degree-of-freedom space truss. To simulate experimental conditions, an extensive study is carried out in the presence of noise. A similar truss is then built and the finite-element method (FEM) model of the structure is corrected using experimental data. The technique is applied to locate the damage in several members. The experimental results indicate that this technique can robustly identify the damaged member with limited measurements and real-time computation. The effectiveness of the damage detection measure is also demonstrated.     

中国钢铁工业节能减排现状及对策

为促进我国钢铁工业节能减排工作的进行,通过和先进国家比较分析的方法对我国钢铁工业节能减排现状进行了研究,研究发现我国钢铁行业耗能总量约占总能耗的18%,吨钢综合能耗为629.93 kg标煤,重点企业能耗水平已接近先进国家水平,CO2排放总量为世界钢铁工业的51%.我国节能技术的开发应用有很大空间,建议提高电炉炼钢比例,...     

浅谈失效成因及其预防与改进

以具体事实为例讨论了失效问题。通过对化学成分、显微组织、夹杂物、热处理、低倍检验等方面的分析,认识到失效可能是由1种或几种因素共同作用所致。在分析失效原因的基础上,对部分失效提出了预防和改进措施。