Unit Weight of Municipal Solid Waste

The unit weight of municipal solid waste (MSW) is an important parameter in engineering analyses of landfill performance, but significant uncertainty currently exists regarding its value. A careful review of reliable field data shows that individual landfills have a characteristic MSW unit weight profile. Based on in situ unit weight data and trends observed in large-scale laboratory tests, a hyperbolic relationship was developed to represent this characteristic MSW unit weight profile. Within the context of this characteristic profile, landfill-specific values of MSW unit weight depend primarily on waste composition, operational practices (i.e., compaction, cover soil placement, and liquids management), and confining stress. Guidance is provided for developing landfill-specific MSW unit weight profiles, including procedures for performing large-scale tests for in situ measurement of MSW unit weight at a landfill.     

双变量优化模型在宝钢电厂的应用

宝钢电厂共有5台发电机组。其中,0、4号机组为全烧高炉煤气机组,1、2、3号机组为高炉煤气/燃煤混烧机组。高炉煤气与发电负荷在全厂的合理分配,对于降低全厂的供电煤耗、保持机组的经济运行等具有重要作用。详细阐述了混烧机组双变量煤耗特性曲面结合逐次梯度寻优法建立负荷与燃料优化分配模型的方法,并用优化分配模型对电厂实际数据进行了优化分配,得到了显著效果。     

大电流电阻式铜线材连续退火装置的设计与研究

介绍大电流电阻式铜线材连续退火的原理及理论计算,重点论述了交流退火装置和直流退火装置的特点及在设计中应注意的一些问题.     

25 MW背压式汽轮发电机组控制系统的改造

介绍了本钢发电厂原25 MW背压式汽轮发电机组存在调速系统稳定性差、波动大等问题,对机组进行了DEH改造,解决了机组负荷波动问题,提高了机组运行的安全性、稳定性。     

Unit risk estimates for airborne arsenic exposure: an updated view based on recent data from two copper smelter cohorts

The current unit risk for airborne arsenic, 4.29 x 10(-3), was established by the EPA in 1984. Using updated results from a cohort mortality study on Tacoma smelter workers and recent findings from a cohort study of 3619 Swedish smelter workers, new unit risk estimates were developed for the respective cohorts. Methods were analogous to those used by the EPA in 1984, and all estimates were derived under an absolute risk model. A new unit risk 1.28 x 10(-3), was estimated for the Tacoma smelter cohort which was a factor of 5 less than the EPA's earlier estimate, and a direct result of radically revised exposure estimates. A unit risk of 0.89 x 10(-3) was estimated from the Swedish study. Pooling these new unit risk estimates with the EPA's earlier estimates from the Montana smelter cohort yielded a composite unit risk of 1.43 x 10(-3). Based on this estimate, the present unit risk may overestimate the effects of airborne arsenic by a factor of 3. A need to update the unit risk for airborne arsenic and the collateral IRIS database is evident from the results.     

Head and neck patients. An innovative, cost-effective approach

An otolaryngology (OTO) acute care unit was developed to provide nursing care for head and neck patients who required intensive respiratory monitoring but did not need to be in an intensive care unit because they were hemodynamically stable. This unit allowed better utilization of intensive care unit beds and contributed to a more cost-effective system for all patients while meeting the special needs of these patients and their families.     

莱钢TRT机组稳定性优化实践及探索

分析了当前影响TRT机组稳定运行的主要因素,列举了莱钢TRT机组在运行中出现的几个问题。阐述了莱钢TRT机组在优化和稳定性方面的具体做法,提出了在TRT稳定性控制其他方面的建议和探索。     

集控室空调冷源系统节能探讨

以某电厂电气车间集控室空调系统为研究对象,在冷水机组节能运行的研究中,对冷水机组的运行特性进行了分析,描述了冷水机组运行能耗计算的公式及方法,以此为基础模拟计算出冷水机组实际运行方案和最佳运行方案的能耗。     

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with HCV infection in native kidneys and renal allograft

STUDY OBJECTIVE: We sought to test the assumption that an emergency department observation unit can be funded through the reallocation of resources made available through the unit's impact in reducing inpatient admissions and facilitating bed closures. METHODS: We conducted our study in a tertiary care center ED with 46,000 visits annually. For a 3-month period, all patients admitted to the hospital through the ED were screened by an emergency physician for suitability for admission to an observation unit. Any patient in the hospital for 3 days or less who did not undergo surgery or other inpatient procedure, and who was admitted through the ED, was considered a candidate for the observation unit. RESULTS: Of 1,840 admissions, 147 patients met the admission criteria. Only 48 (32.2%) could have been treated in an observation unit, and these patients were not admitted to any single unit in high frequency. The potential savings from inpatient bed closures would only have amounted to 1.68 full-time equivalents-not enough to staff a 4-bed observation unit, which would require 5 full-time equivalents. CONCLUSION: Because of the diffuse and inconsistent effect such a unit had on inpatient bed use, funding for an ED observation unit at our institution could not be justified on the basis of the closure of inpatient beds and transfer of resources.     

燃气燃烧计算分析系统的设计

利用Visual Basic设计了燃气燃烧计算分析系统,通过该系统可得到燃气的低位热值、理论空气量、理论烟气量、标况密度、价格、单位热值价格、单位热值所需空气量、单位热值产生烟气量等,并首次提出了单位热值价格、单位热值所需空气量、单位热值产生烟气量等概念,对燃气工业炉设计具有一定的指导意义.     

The impact of a high-dependency unit on the workload of an intensive care unit

While there has been recent support for high-dependency unit development, there are few data reporting the impact of such development on existing critical care facilities. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the workload and capacity constraints of an adult general intensive care unit before and after the development of an adjacent high-dependency unit. Following the opening of the high-dependency unit, the total number of patients admitted increased by 49%. On the high-dependency unit, more elderly patients were admitted for longer and more frequently following midweek elective surgery. On the intensive care unit, patients' initial severity of illness was lower and their duration of admission decreased; fewer patients were admitted directly from the general wards. The financial benefits of high dependency care may be eroded by the increased use of the critical care services.     

轧制油再生装置的热量需求与加热方式比较

轧制油再生装置是一种去除轧制油可溶性重油污染的专用设备,本装置可使用户的废(污)轧制油经该装置处理后达到和新轧制油同样的品质,其主要运行成本为热量消耗.本文介绍了轧制油再生装置的热量需求量、热量综合利用措施及几种加热方式,重点对几种加热方式进行了分析比较.     

A survey of attitudes of obstetric patients to a new-old concept of postnatal care

One hundred and thirty six mothers who were patients in a low dependency postnatal maternity unit were surveyed to assess their attitudes to this kind of care, and whether they preferred it to the more traditional acute care maternity unit. Their confidence in caring for their babies was also assessed. A three month follow-up study sought a retrospective opinion of the unit and measured the incidence of breast feeding. The findings indicated an overwhelming support for this kind of unit.     

NRCS (SCS) Synthetic Curvilinear Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph

A continuous time function with two parameters for a curvilinear dimensionless unit hydrograph (CDUH) is derived from the unit hydrograph in the form of a gamma probability density function. This equation is then applied to the Natural Resources Conservation Service [formerly, Soil Conservation Service (SCS)] curvilinear dimensionless unit hydrograph [NRCS (SCS) CDUH]. The values of the parameters are slightly different for the rising and recessing limbs of the unit hydrograph. The NRCS unit hydrograph that expresses the time distribution of runoff of unit depth is shown to be a two-parameter gamma probability density function. Its mass curve is, therefore, an incomplete gamma function. This technical note explains mathematically that what was originally called the mass curve of the ratio of runoff volume to the total volume of the NRCS CDUH is shown to be, in fact, the mass curve of the unit hydrograph. The equations of continuous time functions derived in this study can be used in place of the NRCS CDUH tabulation and the NRCS linear triangular unit hydrograph. An example is shown to illustrate the application.     

Enteral tube feeding in a patient with traumatic brain injury

Tube feeding is frequently needed for patients with severe traumatic brain injury. When the patient is on the rehabilitation unit, bolus type feeding by gastrostomy tube is more easily accomplished than continuous type feeding by jejunostomy tube (J-tube). In the case presented here, the patient received less calories via J-tube feeds while he was on the rehabilitation unit than when he was in the intensive care unit or the neurosurgical unit. This has implications for the trauma team, which initially decides the type of nutritional support.     

高炉TRT快切阀控制系统安全隐患的改造

介绍快切阀在TRT机组设备中的重要性,并对快切阀控制在机组运行中存在的严重安全隐患问题进行了分析,提出了整改方案,保证了TRT机组运行的安全。     

锅炉的停备用保护与停用缓蚀剂的选择

锅炉机组停备用时间的增长,将大大增加机组的腐蚀程度,对机组的寿命及安全运行造成严重影响。主要介绍了锅炉停备用期保护的常用方法,并对停用缓蚀剂的选择及特性进行了详述。     

Improving staffing with a resource management plan

To change from a crisis to a proactive mode for staffing, scheduling, resource pool utilization, information management, and unit workload, nursing leaders developed a resource management plan. Changes that assisted in achieving that goal included: revision of department scheduling guidelines, elimination of day shift central supervisor, responsibility for daily staffing moved to unit-based managers, creation of a staffing model for the nursing resource pool staff, establishment of ideal complement of positions for every unit, expectation for unit to meet its staffing model every shift, reinforced department efforts to fill vacant positions, participation in computerized databases to study the use of resources, and identified critical staffing indicators for each unit.     

Cardiovascular assessment for home healthcare nurses. Part II: Assessing blood pressure and cardiac function

Analysis of the stability of finite difference deconvolution (FDD) shows that it is dependent on the characteristics of the unit impulse response function and the sampling schedule of the input response function, and that stability properties are improved when the cumulative amount function is directly estimated rather than the rate function. The estimated input rate for an intravenous (iv) unit impulse response function and the release rate for an oral solution unit impulse response function are unstable for any sampling schedule of the input response function. However, for an iv unit impulse response function, the estimated cumulative amount absorbed is stable for any sampling schedule of the response function. For an oral unit impulse response function, the estimated cumulative amount released is unstable for all the sampling points of the input response function located before the time of the maximum of the oral unit impulse response function, but it can be made stable if an appropriately designed sampling schedule of the input response function is used. In addition, the theoretical basis for choosing a sampling schedule to overcome the instability of FDD has been established.