聚丙烯纤维对硅灰混凝土氯离子渗透性能的影响

在正交试验的基础上,采用NEL试验方法研究了不同掺量(体积掺量0.067%～0.5%)、不同尺度(3、6、10 mm)的聚丙烯纤维混杂对硅灰混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响.研究表明,聚丙烯纤维影响硅灰混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的因素依次为:长短纤维掺量比＞纤维掺量＞复合纤维长度.当纤维掺量在低掺量范围内增加时,硅灰混凝土氯离子渗透性能会降低,而当纤维掺量较高时,硅灰混凝土氯离子渗透性能反而增加;纤维对硅灰混凝土氯离子渗透性能的影响与复合纤维的长度关系不大,而与长短纤维掺量比关系密切.     

不同掺合料对透水混凝土性能的影响

利用正交试验方法研究了硅灰掺量(3％、5％、7％)、偏高岭土掺量(8％、10％、12％)与聚丙烯纤维体积掺量(1％、2％、3％)对透水混凝土力学性能、渗透性能和耐久性能的影响.正交试验结果表明:硅灰对透水混凝土力学性能的影响较为显著,纤维对透水混凝土连续孔隙率的影响较为显著;得出推荐掺量为:硅灰掺量为7％、偏高岭土掺量...     

The effects of silica fume and polypropylene fibers on the impact resistance and mechanical properties of concrete

Impact resistance and strength performance of concrete mixtures with 0.36 and 0.46 water–cement ratios made with polypropylene and silica fume are examined. Polypropylene fiber with 12-mm length and four volume fractions of 0%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.5% are used. In pre-determined mixtures, silica fume is used as cement replacement material at 8% weight of cement. The results show that incorporating polypropylene fibers improves mechanical properties. The addition of silica fume facilitates the dispersion of fibers and improves the strength properties, particularly the impact resistance of concretes. It is shown that using 0.5% polypropylene fiber in the silica fume mixture increases compressive split tensile, and flexural strength, and especially the performance of concrete under impact loading.     

硅粉对纤维橡胶再生混凝土抗压性能影响试验

以普通混凝土和橡胶再生混凝土为研究对象,通过掺入硅粉和纤维材料研究强化环保型混凝土抗压性能的方法。用再生混凝土100%等体积代替粗骨料,用橡胶颗粒20%等体积代替细骨料,内掺10%（质量分数）或外掺3%（质量分数）硅粉以及掺入聚丙烯纤维或钢纤维,制备了4组12个混凝土立方体试件,通过轴压试验研究了混凝土试件的破坏模式、抗压强度和工作性能。结果表明:与单一掺入硅粉相比,硅粉和聚丙烯纤维的复合掺入能进一步强化混凝土的抗压性能;硅粉的掺入可以强化浆体与橡胶颗粒间的界面性能,提高钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土的抗压强度;硅粉和纤维材料对混凝土的工作性能有负作用,其复合掺入时建议采用适量的减水剂。     

基于膨胀珍珠岩固载微生物的裂缝自修复混凝土劈裂抗拉强度试验研究

混凝土构件内部或表面难以避免出现裂缝,裂缝的产生会导致其耐久性降低。基于膨胀珍珠岩固载微生物的裂缝自修复混凝土具有良好的裂缝自修复能力,有效降低混凝土的维护费用。然而,随膨胀珍珠岩掺量的增大,混凝土的力学性能会显著降低。首先考察了膨胀珍珠岩掺量对该混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的降低程度,然后进一步考察了硅灰和聚丙烯纤维对该混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的增强作用。试验结果表明,当膨胀珍珠岩掺量由0增加到90%时,混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度降幅达62.1%;掺入硅灰可以明显提高该混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度,当硅灰掺量由0增加到10.5%时,混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度增幅达25%;掺入聚丙烯纤维也可以显著提高该混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度,当聚丙烯纤维掺量由0 kg/m^3增加到1.8 kg/m^3时,混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度由1.94 MPa增加到2.55 MPa,增幅为31.4%。     

Effect of silica fume and steel fibers on some properties of high-strength concrete

The main disadvantage of high-strength concrete is its highly brittle behavior and this can beovercome by adding fibers to the concrete. This would also improve some other mechanical properties of high-strength concrete such as tensile strength and compressive strength. These properties are not very well established for high-strength steel-fiber reinforced concrete (HSFRC) yet. In this study the influence of silica fume on the properties of HSFRC were investigated by using silica fume of two different percentages and three different hooked-end fibers namely, 30/0.50, 60/0.80 and 50/0.60 length/diameter (mm/mm). Fibers were added to concrete in three different volume percentages of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 by volume of concrete. The results indicated that there is a linear function between splitting tensile strength (F_splt) and volume percentage of fibers (V_f) [i.e. F_plt = A(V_f) + B, where A and B are correlation coefficients] as well as between splitting tensile strength (F_splt) and compressive strength (F_c) of plain series A concrete [i.e. F_splt = C (√F_c) + D, where C and D are correlation coefficients]. These relations can describe the development of splitting tensile strength of HSFRC containing no silica fume, 5% silica fume and 10% silica fume by weight of cement. On the other hand, although silica fume has an effect on compressive strength, volume percentage and aspect ratio of steel fibers has little effect.     

玄武岩纤维喷射混凝土在热害环境下的性能试验研究

以隧道热害问题为背景,通过模型试验、近似模拟湿喷技术、定量分析及微观测试相结合的方法研究不同掺量玄武岩纤维喷射混凝土劈裂强度和粘结强度等力学性能的影响,横向对比标准养护和干热养护下的不同体积掺量的玄武岩纤维混凝土的力学性能,同时也加入硅灰以及钢钎维作为参照,以便从机理程度上提出更有效的解决热害措施。试验研究表明:在混凝土中加入玄武岩纤维,对混凝土起到了增强和阻裂的作用,改善了混凝土的脆性易裂的破坏状况。干热环境下,加入少量的玄武岩纤维能够提高混凝土的力学性能。当玄武岩掺量为0.1%玄+5%硅灰时,喷射混凝土的力学性能最好,加入0.2%玄武岩纤维掺量,也有一定程度的改善。实际隧道施工中,可通过加入适量的玄武岩纤维和适量的硅灰,可降低混凝土在热害环境下的危害。     

生态型透水混凝土的试验研究

研究了成型工艺、设计孔隙率、石子粒径和硅灰掺量对透水混凝土孔隙率、透水系数和抗压强度等性能的影响。结果表明:振动成型和压制成型试样孔隙率满足设计孔隙率要求,透水系数大于0.5 mm/s,抗压强度较高;设计孔隙率15%时各项性能较好;石子粒径对试样性能影响较大,石子粒径越大,透水系数越大,抗压强度越小;硅灰掺量在5%时可明显提高试样的抗压强度,较未掺硅灰试样其28 d抗压强度提高了27%。     

Properties of fly ash concrete modified with hydrated lime and silica fume

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the properties of fly ash concrete incorporating either hydrated lime or silica fume to improve the early strength of concrete. Test results indicated that the addition of lime and silica fume improved the early age compressive strength of fly ash concrete. The inclusion of silica fume was also found to increase the 28 days strength significantly. The air permeability of concrete containing lime and silica fume either decreased or remained almost the same when compared to the concrete without these. The addition of lime and silica fume also improved the sorptivity of concrete.Through the use of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC/TG), it was demonstrated that the addition of hydrated lime increased the Ca(OH)₂ content; whereas the addition of silica fume decreased the Ca(OH)₂ content in the cement paste. The mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) data confirmed the beneficial action of hydrated lime and silica fume, towards decreasing the total pore volume of fly ash cement paste.     

稻壳灰对高强超高强混凝土钢筋粘结强度的影响

对掺有稻壳灰和硅灰、强度在 3 0～ 10 0MPa的混凝土 -钢筋粘结强度进行了试验 ,分析讨论了稻壳灰等高硅火山灰材料对混凝土 -钢筋粘结强度的影响。研究结果表明 ,高硅掺合料是一个独立于混凝土强度之外、对钢筋粘结强度有重要影响的因素 ,掺加高硅掺合料比提高混凝土强度能更有效地提高钢筋粘结强度。建议在计算钢筋锚固长度时应该考虑高硅掺合料这一因素     

高强混凝土的抗渗性试验研究

通过对水灰比分别为0.25、0.30、0.50的混凝土标准养护28d抗压强度和抗渗等级研究,并根据低渗透性混凝土的特点,测量了压力水渗透的深度,利用公式初步估计了混凝土的渗透系数。采用硅灰与高效减水剂双掺的方法,可以制备抗渗透性能极为优异的混凝土。     

Characteristics of lightweight concrete containing mineral admixtures

This research investigates the properties of fresh and hardened concretes containing locally available natural lightweight aggregates, and mineral admixtures. Test results indicated that replacing cement in the structural lightweight concrete developed, with 5–15% silica fume on weight basis, caused up to 57% and 14% increase in compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, respectively, compared to mixes without silica fume. But, adding up to 10% fly ash, as partial cement replacement by weight, to the same mixes, caused about 18% decrease in compressive strength, with no change in modulus of elasticity, compared to mixes without fly ash. Adding 10% or more of silica fume, and 5% or more fly ash to lightweight concrete mixes perform better, in terms of strength and stiffness, compared to individual mixes prepared using same contents of either silica fume or fly ash.     

无砂透水混凝土设计方法与基本性能试验研究

本文基于正交试验,研究了水胶比、骨料粒径、孔隙率、胶凝材料掺量对无砂透水混凝土的抗压强度和透水性能的影响。结果表明,混凝土孔隙率越大其抗压强度越低、透水率越高,硅灰的增加可以有效地提高其抗压强度,但会降低透水能力,矿粉的增加也可提高其抗压强度,且在掺量10%左右时透水能力提高较大;增加增强剂也可提高其抗压强度,但过多的增强剂会降低透水能力。水胶比在0.28~0.30、骨料粒径5~10 mm、矿粉掺量10%,增强剂为4.5%、孔隙比为17%时,无砂透水混凝土透水系数可达1 mm/s、21 d抗压强度可达到29.6 MPa。     

界面改性对混凝土路用性能的影响

研究了混凝土中界面改性对混凝土路用性能的影响,结果表明：硅灰裹石掺掺合料法可使水泥石－集料界面粘结强度大幅度提高,而水泥石结构致密程度则适当降低,从而使混凝土细观结构达到平衡状态,抗折强度比双掺硅灰,粉煤灰的高强度混凝土提高10％左右,脆度系数降低35％,耐磨性提高15％以上。     

Mechanical properties of normal and high strength concretes subjected to high temperatures and using image analysis to detect bond deteriorations

The effect of high temperatures, up to 250 °C, on mechanical properties of normal and high strength concretes with and without silica fume was investigated, and image analysis was performed on split concrete surfaces to see the change in bond strength between aggregate and mortar. Specimens were heated up to elevated temperatures (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 °C) without loading and then the residual compressive and splitting tensile strength, as well as the static modulus of elasticity of the specimens were determined. For normal strength concrete residual mechanical properties started to decrease at 100 °C, while using silica fume reduced the losses at high temperatures. In terms of percent residual properties, high strength concrete specimens performed better than normal strength concrete specimens for all heating cycles. Image analysis studies on the split surfaces have been utilized to investigate the effect of high temperatures on the bond strength between aggregate and mortar. Image analysis results showed that reduced water–cement ratio and the use of silica fume improved the bond strength at room temperature, and created more stable bonding at elevated temperatures up to 250 °C.     

Strength properties and durability aspects of high strength concrete using Korean metakaolin

Metakaolin is a cementitious material used as admixture to produce high strength concrete. In Korea, the utilization of this material remained mainly limited to fireproof walls but began recently to find applications as a replacement for silica fume in the manufacture of high performance concrete.In order to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties and durability of concrete using metakaolin, the following tests were conducted on concrete specimens using various replacements of silica fume and metakaolin; mechanical tests such as compressive, tensile and flexural strength tests, durability tests like rapid chloride permeability test, immersion test in acid solution, repeated freezing and thawing test and accelerated carbonation test.Strength tests revealed that the most appropriate strength was obtained for a substitution rate of metakaolin to binder ranging between 10% and 15%. It was observed that the resistance to chloride ion penetration reduced significantly as the proportion of silica fume and metakaolin binders increased. The filler effect resulting from the fine powder of both binders was seen to ameliorate substantially the resistance to chemical attacks in comparison with ordinary concrete. Durability tests also verified that concrete using metakaolin bore most of the mechanical and durability characteristics exhibited by concrete using silica fume. The tests implemented in this study confirmed that metakaolin constitutes a promising material as a substitute for the cost prohibitive silica fume.     

Estimation of the permeability of silica fume cement concrete

Deterioration and durability of concrete structures mainly depend on permeability of concrete. Silica fume (SF) as a mineral admixture for high performance concrete produces more discontinues and impermeable pore structure in concrete. The higher permeability reductions with silica fume are due to pore size refinement and matrix densification, reduction in content of Ca(OH)₂ and cement paste-aggregate interfacial refinement. During the hydration process the transition interfacial zone is gradually densified due to pozzolanic reaction between silica fume and calcium hydroxide. Based on a microstructure model, a procedure for predicting the permeability of high strength silica fume cement concrete is developed by considering water-to-binder ratio, silica fume replacement ratio and degree of hydration as major influencing factors. Results of the permeability calculated using the procedure is verified with the available literature. Subsequently, effects of silica fume on the permeability of concrete are evaluated. Finally, optimum silica fume replacement ratios that reduce the permeability of concrete reasonably are proposed for durable concrete.     

硅粉、粉煤灰作掺合料的C80高性能混凝土研究

研究了硅粉、粉煤灰掺量对混凝土强度与流动性的影响和硅粉、粉煤灰混凝土28d强度规律及混凝土的后期强度增长规律。采用P.O.42.5级普通硅酸盐水泥、中砂、5~25mm碎石及适量NF2-6缓凝高效减水剂,水胶比0.28,硅粉掺量5%,粉煤灰掺量5%~15%或硅粉掺量10%~15%,粉煤灰掺量5%~20%及水胶比0.31,硅粉掺量15%,粉煤灰掺量5%~10%时,可配制出C80高性能混凝土并且给出混凝土配合比参考公式。     

玄武岩纤维增强机场道面混凝土力学性能试验研究

针对当前机场混凝土道面使用过程中存在的部分问题,为提高道面强度及耐久性能,试验利用纤维增强混凝土技术,对比分析研究了两种规格的玄武岩纤维分别以0.05%,0.10%,0.15%的体积掺量对机场道面混凝土抗折、抗压强度性能的影响规律。试验结果表明:玄武岩纤维对机场道面混凝土有较好的力学增强性能,28 d抗折强度提高6.09%～19.80%,对抗压强度影响不明显,并且长度40 mm、直径40μm的短切玄武岩纤维较长度20 mm、直径20μm有更好的增强效果,可以在机场混凝土道面施工中使用,其最佳体积掺量为0.10%。     

Strength and permeability of steel fibre reinforced grouts

The feasibility of using steel fibres to improve the tensile strength and durability of cement–sand grout was investigated. Initial tests focused on achieving pumpable grout mixes and 13 mm round steel fibres with a diameter of 0.16 mm were found to be compatible with a conventional grout paddle mixer and piston pump. Subsequently, grouts with 0.5% and 1% fibre volume fraction were subjected to compressive and splitting tensile strength tests, coefficient of permeability tests and wet–dry cycles. The effect of partial cement replacement with silica fume and blast furnace slag was also investigated. It was found that steel fibres were beneficial for short- and long-term tensile strength. Coefficient of permeability was not adversely affected by addition of fibres. Resistance to microcracking and increase in permeability after wet–dry cycles was also improved by steel fibres. Partial replacement of cement with blast furnace slag resulted in enhanced mechanical properties, whereas the results for silica fume were mixed.