Die MaChang‐Brücke in Südkorea – Schrägkabelbrücke mit Verbundüberbau für Straßenverkehr

The MaChang Bridge in South Korea – Stay‐cable bridge with steel composite deck for highway traffic. The MaChang bridge is part of the new 4 lane highway connecting the cities of Masan and Changwon crossing over the Masan Bay. This high level crossing has a total length of 1,700 m and is composed of a 550 m long East viaduct, the 740 m long mainbridge and a 410 m long West viaduct. The mainbridge is the dominating structure of this link and consists of a two tower cable‐stayed bridge with a mainspan of 400 m and 170 m side spans. It provides clearance for the 350 m · 64m navigational channel and allows the passage of vessels up to 80.000 dwt.     

Die Orinoco‐Brücke in Ciudad Guayana/Venezuela – Doppel‐Schrägkabelbrücke mit Verbundüberbau für Straßen‐ und Eisenbahngüterverkehr

The Orinoco River Bridge at Ciudad Guayana / Venezuela – a twin cable‐stayed bridge with steel composite bridge deck for road plus heavy rail traffic. The Orinoco Bridge at Ciudad Guayana carries a single track railway and a 2 × 2 lane highway across the Orinoco. The river has with low water a width of 1 km and with high water a width of 2 km. The total bridge length of 3156 m is subdivided into – the 1320 m long south approach bridge – the 1200 m long twin cable‐stayed bridge – the 636 m long north approach bridge. The bridge deck is a steel composite box girder and was erected partly by launching and partly by free cantilevering erection. The bridge is founded on large diameter bore‐piles. The paper deals with the design, special aspects of the calculation and the construction.     

Versuchsweiser Einbau eines adaptiven Seildämpfers in eine Schrägseilbrücke

Implementation of an Adaptive Cable Damper on a Cable‐stayed Bridge for Experimental Investigations An adaptive cable damper with variable damping characteristics has been installed on a cable‐stayed bridge for long term experimental investigations. The cable‐stayed bridge is the 412 m long Eiland Bridge nearby Kampen, The Netherlands, that was brought into service in January 2003. The cables consist of strands with elastomeric bearings near the anchorages. The elastomeric bearings reduce the bending momentum of the cable near the anchor and provide damping as well. In October 2004, in accordance with the bridge operator Rijkswaterstaat, an adaptive cable damper (ACD) has been installed whose working principle is the one of magnetorheological fluid dampers. The aim is to test its damping potential and long‐term durability. By measuring the decay characteristics of the cables, the damping of the cable without and with ACD with different settings has been identified. The experiments clearly demonstrate that the damping of the cable may be increased by a factor of approximately four for the passively operating ACD and by a factor of approximately nine for the optimally adjusted ACD. Furthermore, the measurements clearly point out the high accuracy of the model‐based damper design used in this project. Since late October 2004, the ACD is controlled by an on/off control strategy for long‐term observations.     

Das Zügelgurt‐Fachwerk der Muldebrücke Wurzen

The truss stayed structure of the Mulde bridge Wurzen. The new Mulde Bridge in the course of the B 6 at Wurzen has a total length of 530 m and is composed of a 215 m long bridge over the river Mulde and a 315 m long approach bridge. Specific conditions of the alignment and the gradient, of flood protection and high aesthetic demands had to be considered and did lead to an exceptional solution for the river crossing. Designed was a triangle truss stayed structure, which is positioned in the midstrip of the road and follows the curvature of the alignment. The paper describes the design process, gives some details of the calculations and an insight into the elements of the construction. Possible design alternatives are reflected and the potential of the construction type is discussed.     

重庆朝天门长江大桥主桥钢梁安装设计

重庆朝天门长江大桥主桥采用(190+552+190)m中承式连续钢桁系杆拱桥结构,为双层桥面布置的公轨两用大桥,也是世界上跨度最大的拱桥.主梁边跨采用临时墩辅助的伸臂法架设,中跨采用扣索塔架辅助伸臂安装,先合龙主拱,再合龙系杆.主桁杆件的设计与安装步骤及控制工况息息相关,需要确定各个施工工况下扣索及临时系索的索力、保证...     

Die neue Rheinbrücke Wesel – Entwurfsplanung und Ausschreibung

The new Rhine Bridge Wesel in the course of the B 58n is being under construction. The bridge has a total length of 773 m and will be executed as a cable‐stayed bridge with a main span of 335 m. With its 130 m tall pylon the construction will strongly mark the flat Rhine‐landscape in that place. The bridge construction is divided into a 409 m long steel structure across the river and a 364 m long prestressed concrete structure across the flood area on the left side of the Rhine. Both structures are rigid linked near the pylon. The paper describes the static, constructive and architectural specifics of the design and gives an insight in the process of tendering and awarding.     

Das große Viadukt von Millau – Stahlbau und Montage mit hochfesten Feinkornbaustählen

The Millau Viaduct – Steel construction, fabrication and erection with high‐strength fine grain steel. 16^th of December 2004 the Millau Viaduct, a 2460 m long multi cable‐stayed bridge, was opened of traffic in the Southern part of the French Massif Centrale mountains. This bridge comprises 6 main spans of 342 m length respectively and two side spans of 204 m length respectively. The steel superstructure consists of an orthotropic box deck of 27.75 m width and a maximum height of 4.20 m aerodynamically optimised due to the enormous wind loads in the valley. The deck is fixed to the 7 steel pylons via 22 stay cables per pylon in a height of up to 270 m above the river Tarn. Thus this viaduct represents the highest bridge in world with a total height of 343 m, even more than the Eiffel Tower in Paris.     

VFT‐WIB‐Brücke bei Vigaun – Verbundbrücke mit externer Bewehrung

VFT‐WIB viaduct in Vigaun – a composite bridge with external reinforcement. With the introduction of the composite dowel the possibility is given to develop new construction methods for bridges. The VFT‐WIB construction method is used for the first time for the road bridge in Vigaun/Austria, which is in service since autumn 2008. The cross‐section is composed out of two prefabricated elements with halved rolled girders, working as bottom flange. The composite dowels are manufactured by cutting the rolled girder into two halves with a special cutting‐line. These halved girders work as external reinforcement, which leads to very slender and economical composite structures. Below details about the planning process, the design and the construction process of 78m long three span framing bridge over the railway line from Salzburg to Wörgl are shown.     

Wiederaufbau der Sloboda‐Brücke Novi Sad

Reconstruction of the Sloboda Bridge in Novi Sad. The Sloboda Bridge in Novi Sad with its free span of 351 m between the pylons has been one of the biggest cable stayed bridges with one cable plan in the world. Begin of April 1999 the bridge has been partly destroyed during a NATO air strike by two Thomahawks hiding the pylon bases. The destroyed bridge is an obstacle for one of the biggest European international waterways and the clearance and reconstruction are necessary in order to allow the free ship traffic.     

韩国西海大桥设计

韩国西海大桥的主桥为三跨迭合粱斜拉桥，主踌为470m，该桥塔梁之间安装了活塞式阻尼装置(LUD装置)；为扇形双索面；钢绞线张拉采用等拉力控翩法；介绍了西海大桥的设计与施工。     

上海闵浦二桥引桥桥墩设计与思考

闵浦二桥主桥为独塔双索面连续钢桁架斜拉桥,引桥上部结构为40m跨径简支小箱梁,下部结构为独柱桥墩。主要介绍:引桥独柱桥墩立柱截面尺寸的拟定与立柱水平线刚度计算;引桥桥墩在同等地震力作用下,纵、横向地震力对不同高度立柱的影响及桩基础布置规律。     

Bewertung einer alten genieteten Stahlbrücke – Die Bösebrücke in Berlin

Evaluation of an old riveted steel bridge – The Böse‐Bridge in Berlin, Germany. This report is about the recalculation of the Böse‐Bridge in Berlin which was built between 1912 and 1916. A special feature of this three‐bayed truss arch bridge is the nickel steel used in the main bay. Different models have been used to recalculate the main structure, the truss nodes and the carriageway slab. The static analysis is based on the semi‐probabilistic concept. As a result of this recalculation the construction was classified to have the bridge capacity 30‐30 according to DIN 1072. Finally, this report concludes by determining the remaining lifetime depending on the concept of the Wöhler curves.     

Die Geh‐ und Radwegbrücke Kehl – Strasbourg

The Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge Kehl – Strasbourg. The Rhine bridge between Kehl and Strasbourg is the new regional landmark and linking element of the International Gardening Show. The approach to unifying different functions and an architectural endeavour lead to a unique structural system. Two separate decks address the different situations on the river banks and, linked by a platform, form a balcony above the Rhine at midspan. The main bridge is a cable‐stayed structure with a steel pylon and a steel‐concrete composite deck. The approach bridges are continuous girders on steel columns. Both pile and flat foundations are featured in the design. The article describes the structural concept and design, outlines the erection procedure and discusses aspects of the dynamic behaviour of the bridge.     

矮寨大桥轨索架梁系统的研制及工程应用

矮寨大桥为钢桁加劲梁单跨悬索桥。主跨布置为242m+1176m+116m。它横跨德夯大峡谷,峡谷两岸地势陡峭,桥面设计标高与地面高差达355米左右。为了克服运输条件差的困难,提出了轨索滑移架梁法的施工方案。它是利用悬索桥主缆作承重结构,永久吊索连接临时吊鞍支承张紧的轨索作为轨道,运梁小车在轨索上移动运送钢桁加劲梁段,到达待安装位置,借助缆载吊机垂直起吊安装。文中对轨索滑移架梁系统及其缩比模型试验和足尺模型试验进行了介绍,同时对缆载吊机的设计和试验也进行了描述,最后介绍了工程应用情况。试验和工程应用结果表明:轨索滑移架梁法能快速实现悬索桥的主梁架设,并具有很好的安全性和经济性,具有广阔的应用前景和推广价值。     

Monitoring der neuen Schrägseilbrücke über den Chao Phraya,Nonthaburi, Thailand

Monitoring of the new cable‐stayed bridge over the Chao Phraya, Nonthaburi, Thailand To the north of Bangkok (Thailand), a new motorway section has been realized in recent years to relieve the surrounding routes in Nonthaburi Province, whose main characteristic is an extra‐dosed bridge over the Chao Phraya river with a total length of 460 m. The building consists of two pylons with golden domes and 96 stay cables carrying a box girder cross‐section designed for six lanes across the river. To monitor the structural behavior of the bridge an extensive monitoring system was awarded by the client to DYWIDAG Systems International GmbH in cooperation of Schimetta Consult who have optimized, designed and realized the system. 45 sensors are monitoring permanently temperatures, strains and deflections of the bridge, inclinations of the pylons, movements of the expansion joints, wind velocities, accelerations and cable forces. The data are automatically stored on site, provided via a UMTS connection to an external server within a few minutes, enabling continuous display of the signals on a homepage for easy access by the client. In addition, the measurement data are being summarized on a half‐year base and the results are submitted to the clients by a measurement report. The monitoring system is continuously acquiring data since opening of the structure early 2015 to regular traffic, enabling a very good insight to the structural behaviour.     

Die Elbebrücke Niederwartha – die erste Schrägseilbrücke in Sachsen

The Elbebridge Niederwartha ‐ the first cable‐stayed bridge in Saxonia. The following article describes the preliminary studies and the design of the new roadwaybridge across the river Elbe near Dresden. The new bridge will have a total length of 367 m and a main span of 192 m. It will be come the longest main span and the first cable‐stayed bridge in Saxonia.     

高寒地区组合梁斜拉桥施工阶段温度效应研究

以青海地区主跨560 m的海黄大桥为依托工程,基于桥位附近气象站近5年气象数据,采用热传导原理对海黄大桥的钢梁、混凝土桥面板、斜拉索和桥塔温度场进行模拟,提取并分析了不同部件温度作用。基于此,采用杆系模型计算了组合梁斜拉桥在最大双悬臂和最大单悬臂2个关键工况下的温度效应。结合施工误差控制范围,给出了各部件施工控制的最佳时间段。研究结果表明:不同季节太阳辐射作用下,钢梁、桥面板、斜拉索和桥塔的有效温度和等效竖向线性温差变化规律相似,但数值相差较大,夏季最高,冬季最低; 部件温差较大,混凝土桥面板与与斜拉索最大温差为10.8 ℃,在斜拉桥设计细则规定的范围内; 拉索与主塔的最大温差为10.2 ℃,大于规范建议的温差值; 组合梁的等效竖向线性温差可达14.9 ℃,超过中国规范取值; 温度作用下,主梁位移日变化最大可达87 mm,主梁标高控制宜在19:00—6:00进行; 塔顶偏位可达54 mm,塔顶偏位监测宜选择凌晨2:00—10:00; 索力变化值达施工控制索力的4.4%,在施工控制中应当避开8:00—20:00; 在海黄大桥施工控制过程中,充分考虑了温度作用的影响,取得了良好的施工控制效果。     

PC箱梁与钢桁架组合加劲梁斜拉桥的刚度与稳定分析

探讨预应力混凝土箱梁与钢桁架组合式加劲梁高速铁路斜拉桥的刚度与稳定 ,与无钢桁架PC钢箱梁相比 ,跨径 488m大跨度铁路斜拉桥的活载挠度与跨径之比从 1/4 2 6降低到 1/777,最小整体弹性稳定系数为 11 9。PC钢箱梁与钢桁架组合式加劲梁有效地提高了斜拉桥的刚度和稳定性 ,是大跨度铁路和公铁两用斜拉桥的合理结构形式。     

Die neue Berliner Brücke in Halle – Erste deutsche Schrägseilbrücke in Verbundbauweise

The new Berliner Brücke in the city of Halle (Saale) – First German cable stayed bridge in composite construction. The new Berliner Brücke in the middle of the Händel ‐city of Halle (Saale) is a cable stayed bridge with a central pylon and a stiffening truss in composite construction. The stiffening truss with the outline of the deck is bent and the pylon is skew to the bridge centre line. The bridge is exposed to stress out of the working load, e.g. traffic loads, heavy traffic loads and tram loads. The bridge crosses partly electrified tracks of the DB AG facilities in the north of the main station. Innovations and optimisation of building costs are a product of the difficult conditions to satisfy the urban development demands.     

Rheinbrücke Breisach – Umbau und Instandsetzung einer 45 Jahre alten Stahlkonstruktion

The Rhine Bridge at Breisach – Alteration and maintenance work at a 45‐years‐old steel structure across the river Rhine. The Breisach Rhine Bridge between Breisach in Baden‐Württemberg, Germany, and Neuf‐Brisach in Alsace, France, is next to the Europe Bridge Kehl–Strasbourg the most important road connection between the two countries. The three‐pillar road bridge was built in 1962 using the foundation of an old railway bridge. The box girder of the bridge is welded as well as riveted and bolted. Both the design of the curb with its underseepage – a feature that was often used at that time but is now out of favour – and damages at the drain pipes in the girder box led to significant corrosion damage. In the future a bicycle lane will run over the bridge. For this an enlargement of the southern footpath is required. Bridge repair and maintenance work began in the spring of 2008. In this paper not only the details of the projects will be considered, but also the solutions to the problems discovered during repair work. An additional special feature of the bridge is the fact that two road construction agencies, one French, one German, are in charge of maintenance.