考虑电动汽车和虚拟储能系统优化调度的楼宇微网联络线功率平滑控制方法

为促进高比例可再生能源在用户侧的有效集成，提升用户侧清洁能源利用水平，融合可再生能源发电的低碳楼宇微网技术得到了快速发展。然而，可再生能源发电通常具有间歇性，易使楼宇微网存在供需不平衡问题，进而导致微网联络线功率频繁波动。为此，文章提出了一种用于办公楼宇微网联络线的功率平滑控制方法，在2个不同时间尺度上对楼宇虚拟储能系统和电动汽车（electric vehicles， EVs）进行优化调度，从而实现对联络线功率波动的有效平抑。算例结果表明，该方法可充分利用用户侧电动汽车和虚拟储能系统的灵活性，有效平抑办公楼宇微网的联络线功率波动。     

Evaluation of Design Method for Engine Output Power and Battery Energy Capacity for Lithium‐Ion Battery Hybrid Diesel Railway Vehicles

Diesel engine lithium‐ion battery hybrid vehicles are attracting attention because the energy consumption during their operation and exhaust emissions can be reduced considerably. However, a reasonably accurate method of designing the engine power and battery energy has not yet been proposed, although the above‐mentioned type of traction system can help in realizing an environment‐friendly railway vehicle. In this paper, a design method for the battery energy capacity and engine output power is proposed in the case of a control strategy in which the sum of the kinetic energy of the vehicle and the battery energy is maintained constant. The proposed method is verified by the velocity/state of charge of the battery charts obtained in experimental tests. The proposed design method can be used to develop environment‐friendly railway traction systems for nonelectrified sections.     

A method for designing the power and capacitance of fuel cells and electric double‐layer capacitors of hybrid railway vehicles

A hybrid railway traction system with fuel cells (FC) and electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLC) is discussed in this paper. This system can save FC costs and absorb regenerative energy. A method for designing FC and EDLC on the basis of the output power and capacitance, respectively, has not been reported, although their design is one of the most important technical issues encountered in the design of hybrid railway vehicles. Such a design method is presented along with a train load pro?le and an energy management strategy. The design results obtained using the proposed method are veri?ed by performing numerical simulations for a running train. These results reveal that the proposed method for designing the EDLC and FC on the basis of the capacitance and power, respectively, and using a method for controlling the EDLC voltage, is su?ciently e?ective in designing e?cient EDLC and FC of hybrid railway traction systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(3): 47–54, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22395     

Implementation method of loss observer to power controller for overhead line and supercapacitor hybrid electric railway vehicle

In order to absorb the regenerative power and to reduce the peak input power of a train—in other words, to smooth the input power of the train—in this paper we repot a frequency‐domain‐based power controlling strategy for energy storage of hybrid electric railway vehicles. Applying a loss‐compensating method by using a disturbance observer improves the energy while keeping ability of this controller. However, that loss compensating method requires precise voltage–energy characteristics of the supercapacitor (SC) to estimate the correct loss. Hence, nonlinearity of the capacitance of the SC becomes a problem because it causes an error in the estimated loss. Therefore, this paper presents a method to measure the voltage–energy characteristics precisely of the SC that has a voltage dependence on the capacitance. A method to implement those characteristics into controllers is also proposed. The loss compensating method is applied to a controller by using the proposed method, and its effectiveness is verified by a small‐scale experimental system. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

含混合储能的铁路10kV配电网综合能源系统规划

针对铁路10 kV配电网多类能源的用能需求,建立一种含混合储能的铁路配电网综合能源系统规划模型.设计铁路10 kV配电网区域综合能源系统架构;针对光伏出力波动平抑需求,提出一种基于经验模态分解的光伏出力高频分量提取方法,并联合典型日负荷数据生成考虑多类光伏高频分量平抑需求的场景集.在此基础上,以等值年总成本最低为目标、...     

风光储联合发电系统中的储能系统调度策略研究

随着风力、光伏发电,以及储能技术的发展与应用,构建大规模风光储联合发电系统接入电网已成为可能.其中,储能设备的调节控制对联合发电系统尤为重要.基于修正计划出力的方法,提出一种储能系统充放电控制策略,使得联合发电系统供给电网的有功功率波动尽可能最小;通过仿真说明控制策略有效性,利用风光储联合系统供电可靠性指标,分析指标与系统容量配置的关系,提出容量配置优化方法.     

含风电及电动汽车虚拟电厂参与电力市场的优化调度策略

可再生能源发电及电动汽车充电的不确定性给电力系统运营带来新的挑战。针对含有风力发电和电动汽车充放电的虚拟电厂参与到电力市场中包含的不确定性问题,提出了一种混合储能虚拟电厂参与电力市场的优化调度策略。基于轮盘赌机制建立风力发电不确定性模型,将电动汽车的不确定性参数引入该模型,通过分析电力市场需求,制定基于不确定模型的随机优化调度方案。通过算例验证该方案的有效性和适用性,为混合储能虚拟电厂参与电力市场调度提供指导。     

车载超级电容储能系统间接电流控制策略

主要探讨了单列车车载超级电容能量管理系统的控制方法。首先对车载超级电容储能系统进行介绍;然后建立超级电容储能系统的数学模型,给出了超级电容储能系统充放电电流控制环的设计方法,提出了一种车载超级电容储能系统间接电流能量管理控制策略;最后通过仿真和实验结果证明该控制策略可以有效地抑制受电弓处电压波动,防止再生失效。     

Battery energy storage technology for power systems—An overview

The penetration of renewable sources (particularly wind power) in to the power system network has been increasing in the recent years. As a result of this, there have been serious concerns over reliable and satisfactory operation of the power systems. One of the solutions being proposed to improve the reliability and performance of these systems is to integrate energy storage devices into the power system network. Further, in the present deregulated markets these storage devices could also be used to increase the profit margins of wind farm owners and even provide arbitrage. This paper discusses the present status of battery energy storage technology and methods of assessing their economic viability and impact on power system operation. Further, a discussion on the role of battery storage systems of electric hybrid vehicles in power system storage technologies had been made. Finally, the paper suggests a likely future outlook for the battery technologies and the electric hybrid vehicles in the context of power system applications.     

基于混合储能的光伏波动功率平抑方法研究

针对光伏发电系统中发电功率波动问题,构建了一种基于混合储能的光伏并网发电系统模型,以平抑并网功率的波动。该模型引入了由超级电容器和蓄电池组成的混合储能系统,可以有效应对在各种天气条件下所引起的光伏输出功率波动问题,从而对并网功率进行削峰填谷。同时,对现有的MPPT法进行相应改进,提出了单向变步长追踪法,能够更加稳定且迅速地调整光伏系统的最大输出功率,提高发电效率。最后,在Matlab/Simulink上进行仿真,结果表明该混合储能控制系统能够有效提高光伏并网功率输送的稳定性能。     

一种混合储能变换器的模型预测整体控制方法

新能源发电渗透率逐渐提高,由新能源本身固有特性向电网引入的功率扰动不容忽视,且在高比例接入情况下对于新能源发电参与电网调节的需求越来越大,这对其系统功率响应性能提出了更高的要求。由蓄电池和超级电容组成的混合储能由于具有互补的能量特性,应用于新能源发电系统中可以帮助提升其整体的能量处理能力。为了充分发挥储能介质的功率特性,针对光伏发电系统中的应用,提出了一种应用于蓄电池-超级电容混合储能变换器的模型预测整体控制方法。根据变换器主电路的数学模型,结合混合储能的控制目标,设计了嵌入功率滤波器的模型预测整体控制策略。仿真结果表明提出的模型预测整体控制方法具有优越的功率响应特性与参数鲁棒性。     

基于相关机会目标规划的风光储联合发电系统储能调度策略

为改善风电、光伏发电出力的不确定性,使风光储联合发电系统具有可调度性,将风电和光伏发电的出力表示为确定性的出力和具有模糊性的误差之和。利用相关机会目标规划方法,以风光储调度出力曲线与计划出力曲线匹配程度最大,储能电池充放电功率最平缓和储能电池可持续工作性最佳为目标,建立了风光储联合发电系统储能调度模型。利用将模糊模拟、神经网络与改进粒子群算法嵌套结合形成新型混合智能算法对模型进行了求解,给出了联合发电系统日前储能调度计划。算例分析表明,新算法能够较好地求解高维数不确定规划问题,其收敛速度快,全局和局部搜索能力强。     

基于萤火虫与粒子群混合优化算法的移动储能调度

近年来,受规模化电动汽车无序充电、高比例新能源功率波动等因素影响,配电网存在负荷峰谷差较大、网损较高、配电网运行成本高的问题。提出基于萤火虫与粒子群混合优化算法的移动储能调度方法。分别建立电动汽车、移动储能车、氢燃料发电车的移动储能模型,建立负荷峰谷差、配电网网损和配电网运行成本多目标函数,为了降低排名异常的概率,引入Tent混沌映射、柯西变异算子、萤火虫算法中的模糊自适应惯性权值,求解多类型移动储能共同参与调度的最优方案。算例分析结果表明,所提方法能够有效减少负荷峰谷差、降低配电网网损和降低配电网运行成本。     

计及波动平抑与经济性的风光储系统中混合储能容量优化配置

为了平抑风电、光伏的出力波动,减少其带给微网的不利影响,以风光储系统中的混合储能系统(Hybrid En-ergy Storage System,HESS)为研究对象,提出一种基于变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)和神经网络的HESS容量优化配置方法.采用VMD分解并结...     

考虑削峰填谷的电气化铁路混合储能系统容量优化配置

随着我国电气化铁路的快速发展,能耗问题日益突出,极大影响了铁路的运营效益。为提升铁路的经济效益,通过混合储能系统实现再生制动能量的回收利用,在此基础上,提出了一种考虑削峰填谷的电气化铁路混合储能系统能量管理策略,通过控制储能的充放电阈值实现对铁路负荷的削峰填谷。基于此能量管理策略建立电气化铁路混合储能系统全寿命周期的经济性优化模型,以储能充放电阈值与容量配置参数为优化变量,以全寿命周期的最大净收益为优化目标,对混合储能系统经济性进行优化。采用改进的粒子群优化算法求解具体算例。通过算例分析与方案对比,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

计及风、光、水能混合发电系统的建模与研究

提出了一种风光水混合发电系统,该系统包括风力发电、光伏发电、水力发电等子系统。在建立混合发电系统数学模型的基础上,分析了风光水抽水蓄能混合发电、风光互补抽水蓄能发电以及风光水简单混合发电3种运行方案的差异。通过实例仿真,对混合发电系统运行问题进行了探讨。仿真结果表明,风能、光能和水能互补性显著,可再生能源混合发电系统具有较大优势,抽水蓄能可解决电能生产与消费在时间上的不平衡问题。     

微电网混合储能功率分频控制策略研究

针对独立光伏发电系统中混合储能方式能够同时具有高功率密度和高能量密度的特性,提出一种微电网混合储能功率分频控制策略来提高系统运行的稳定性。通过Simulink平台搭建了独立光伏发电混合储能系统,通过对功率分频实现了超级电容器和锂离子电池的功率输出优化分配,抑制了由于负荷突变引起的功率波动,维持了直流母线电压的稳定。仿真结果表明,该方法提高了系统的稳定性,实现了对直流负载的可靠供电。     

风光互补发电耦合氢储能系统研究综述

基于风光互补发电、电解水制氢、储氢、氢燃料电池等技术的风光互补发电耦合氢储能系统,以氢能为能源载体,是实现可再生能源-氢能-电能规模化应用的重要途径.介绍了风光互补发电、电解水制氢、储氢和氢燃料电池等关键技术的发展现状,对风光互补发电耦合氢储能系统中的离网型、并网型系统和容量配置优化等研究热点进行了分析,为风光互补发电...     

Energy Saving and Environmental Measures in Railway Technologies: Example with Hybrid Electric Railway Vehicles

The electric railway system is the highest class of energy efficient transportation means. This is due to two important points: (i) low running resistance (including low energy losses) and (ii) energy regeneration in braking. Regenerative braking of railway electric vehicles is effective when the other powering ones, in other words electrical load, exist near the regenerating train on the same electrified line. So, early in the morning and at midnight, or in the low‐density district lines, regeneration cancellation phenomenon often occurs and the regenerative brake force cannot be operated in accordance with the recommended value. Newly appeared high‐performance energy storage devices press the issues of energy storage and reuse technologies on ground and on vehicles. Hybrid energy source is one effective solution. In this paper, as an example, we show our trolley and on‐board battery hybrid controlled tramcar, developed to reduce regeneration cancellation. With the trolley line collective power as well as charge and discharge power of the on‐board lithium ion rechargeable battery, the hybrid energy providing and regenerating technology is achieved. The running test results show a maximum regenerative ratio of 44%, which is top class value in an electric railway system. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

混合储能系统的功率变换器电流预测控制方法

针对随机性强和波动性大的新能源发电系统,为了平滑其出力,提出了一种混合储能系统的功率变换器电流预测控制方法。该方法首先分析了锂电池和超级电容充放电速度的互补特性,以及它们的功率变换器各种开关状态。然后基于模型预测控制建立了锂电池、超级电容器和双功率变换器预测模型。在此基础上,应用模型预测控制设计了混合储能控制系统。在考虑锂电池电流跟踪误差、超级电容器电流跟踪误差、超级电容器损耗和双功率变换器开关管导通数量的情况下,构建了多目标评价函数,并进行了最优开关模式求解。通过实时优化控制系统,输出最优开关模式,既实现了锂电池大电流充放电和跟踪低频变化功率,也实现了超级电容器小电流充放电和跟踪高频变化功率。因此,该方法实现了混合储能系统能量合理分配,延长了锂电池使用寿命,减少了开关动作,提高了系统整体效率。最后,通过仿真验证了所提方法的正确性。