绿色设计讲座第三讲绿色家电产品评价体系的构建

绿色家电已经逐渐成为家电产品发展的主流方向。什么是绿色家电产品?如何评价绿色家电产品的绿色属性?是消费者和企业共同关注的问题。在给出绿色家电产品定义的基础上,分析了绿色家电产品的特性根据绿色家电的特点,分析了绿色家电评价指标体系的制定原则,建立了绿色家电产品评价指标的基本框架体系;最后以绿色冰箱评价指标体系为例进行说明。     

基于生命周期的家电产品碳足迹计算方法研究

在收集某款家电产品的主流生产水平数据的基础上,采用GaBi数据库中的温室气体排放相关数据,根据ISO 14040/44制定的生命周期评价理论框架,采用PAS2050准则开展家电产品碳足迹的研究,制订了碳足迹计算方法。以微波炉产品为例,讨论不同生命周期过程对碳足迹产生的影响。结果表明：微波炉在使用阶段的温室气体的排放量最大。     

基于碳排放绩效指标的家电产品碳足迹分析

本文介绍了碳排放绩效指标,以及一种碳足迹计算方法。同时开发一款软件,该软件可以实现家电产品碳排放绩效评价,以及完成产品碳足迹的计算。以液晶电视为例,对本方法及软件进行了应用。     

常见家用电器谐波特性及功率特性分析

为分析常见家用电器对公共电网的影响,测试了5种家用电器的谐波特性及功率特性,同时对其可能出现的4种组合使用情况的工作特性进行了研究。在进行用电器的组合测试时发现,由于各用电器谐波电流幅值、相角的差异,各次谐波存在不同程度的衰减效应,当用电器负载性质相同时,组合使用后的总体功率因数介于原各用电器之间;当两个用电器负载性质不同时,组合使用后的功率因数要大于原各自用电器功率因数。     

家用电器无线电能传输技术发展及现状

近年来,家用电器智能化受到广泛关注。相比有线供电,无线电能传输技术具有高安全性、高便利性等优点,在家用电器智能化发展中具有广阔的应用前景。本文对家用电器无线电能传输技术的发展及现状进行了梳理。首先介绍了无线家电的产品化及标准化进展,然后归纳了家用电器无线电能传输系统的特点,接着分别从耦合机构、拓扑设计、控制方法、异物检测等方面展现了家用电器无线电能传输技术研究现状,最后分析了家用电器无线电能传输技术的发展趋势和目前亟待解决的关键问题。     

大型电机绝缘技术的国内外对比分析

通过改进和优化绝缘结构和制造工艺,大型电机绝缘技术已实现国产化,经与国外先进技术进行对比,结果表明:我国大型电机绝缘系统的性能和质量等已基本达到美国GE公司和瑞士ABB公司的同期水平。     

浅析基于物联网智能家电的通信安全评估方法与实践

物联网技术的发展及物联网在家电产品中的应用,实现了家电产品的智能化,即智能家电,能够为消费者提供更加舒适便捷的生活环境。与传统家电相比,智能家电除了实现产品基本使用功能外,还具有环境感知、信息传输、数据处理,甚至互联互通等特点,为此,智能家电不仅要考核电气安全还需考虑物联网安全,物联网安全一般分为终端安全、通信安全、服务端安全等。本文研究物联网智能家电的通信安全,具体研究以无线局域网WLAN 网络接入方式的智能家电设备在以太网的通信安全问题,利用一些软件工具通过抓包、重放等评估方式,探析数据在传输中可能存在的安全问题,并针对这些安全问题,提出了一些对策和建议。     

用于电力光纤到户的光纤复合低压电缆接续技术研究

光纤复合低压电缆（optical fiber composite lowvoltagecable）接续技术是实现电力光纤到户及智能小区建设的关键技术之一。针对OPLC接续特点提出了光电安全分离、光纤接续及保护、电缆连接及保护等技术要求;全面分析比较了光纤接续技术的特点,建议电力光纤到户建设实施的中间节点应采用光纤热熔连...     

低压电器级联技术的应用和发展趋势

分析了低压电器级联技术的应用和发展趋势。级联技术的发展经历了3次变革:第1代级联技术重点强调提高断路器分断能力;第2代级联技术着重于选择性保护;最新的级联技术则突出了低压电器智能化。该分析有助于在国内低压电器产品推广应用第3代级联技术,缩小与国外先进水平的差距。     

废CRT含铅玻璃的资源化新工艺及机理研究

本文提出了废CRT含铅玻璃资源化的新工艺,并对其工艺中的水玻璃熔块制备、水解、渣液分离、水溶液除铅等关键技术进行了机理分析,以实现废CRT含铅玻璃的高值资源化综合利用,具有显著的环境和经济效益。     

塑料件热铆压工艺在低压电器生产中的应用

阐述了热塑性工程塑料件的热铆压工艺设计及其模具设计的理论和实践,对于低压电器制造工艺无疑是一个重要的丰富和补充,具有推广应用价值.     

引进的意大利铜连铸连轧生产线改造的探索

通过对引进的意大利铜连铸连轧生产线进行系统分析和改造,弥补了设计上的不足,改善了设备、工艺条件,提高了产品质量和经济效益,提出了进一步改进的思路。     

新型500 kV/220 kV混压四回路直线塔的设计与研究

针对传统混压四回路直线塔型无法兼顾线路走廊与塔材指标的问题,提出了一种新型的混压四回路穿身塔。该塔型220 kV部分的其中2相导线从塔身中间穿过,使其220 kV部分导线对全塔的走廊宽度不再起控制,而横担数量仍然为5层。通过电气校验、电磁环境分析、模态分析、结构线性分析及非线性分析对混压四回路穿身塔塔型进行了可行性分析,结果表明,该塔型电气布置符合规范要求,结构受力合理、动力性能良好。与传统塔型的技术经济比较结果表明,穿身塔各项指标均较优,在廊道紧张的地区使用,优势相当明显。     

Study and implementation of a 15‐W driver for piezoelectric actuators

This paper studies and implements a 15‐W driver for piezoelectric actuators. The discussed driver is mainly composed of a flyback converter and a power operational amplifier (P‐OPA). The flyback converter produces a variable DC voltage to supply the P‐OPA, which outputs an amplified sinusoidal signal with a DC bias of 100 V to drive the piezoelectric actuator. The power losses can be reduced because the supply voltage of the P‐OPA varies with the peak of the input signal. The power conversion efficiency of the driver can thus be promoted up to more than 30%. From the experimental results, the implemented prototype possesses some advantageous features, such as a nearly constant output‐to‐input voltage gain, a high slew rate, a high input impedance, a low output impedance, and low output voltage ripples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

IEC 60384-14:2013中抑制电源电磁干扰用电容器的分类及电气安全测试方法介绍

本文详细介绍了标准IEC 60384-14:2013中抑制电源电磁干扰电容器的分类及涉及电气安全的测试项目,强调了抑制电源电磁干扰用电容器在电气安全上的重要性,为企业选用电容器提供指引。     

Development of Magnetic Levitation System for Science and Technology Education: Magnetic Levitation Control by Using a Hall Element Displacement Sensor with Neural Network

In this study, we developed a magnetic levitation system using a Hall element displacement sensor with neural network for science and technology education. The sensor configured with three Hall elements was devised in order to measure displacement from an electromagnet to a levitated object with a permanent magnet. Use of the Hall element displacement sensor achieves a lower cost magnetic levitation system. Furthermore, three‐layered feedforward neural network was utilized in order to improve the precision of the Hall element displacement sensor. Finally, operation verification of the developed magnetic levitation system was conducted by designing state feedback regulator with observer.     

A parallel prefiltering approach for the identification of a biased sinusoidal signal: Theory and experiments

The problem of estimating the amplitude, frequency, and phase of an unknown sinusoidal signal from a noisy‐biased measurement is addressed in this paper by a family of parallel prefiltering schemes. The proposed methodology consists in using a pair of linear filters of specified order to generate a suitable number of auxiliary signals that are used to estimate—in an adaptive way—the frequency, the amplitude, and the phase of the sinusoid. Increasing the order of the prefilters improves the noise immunity of the estimator, at the cost of an increase of the computational complexity. Among the whole family of estimators realizable by varying the order of the filters, the simple parallel prefilters of orders 2 + 2 and 3 + 3 are discussed in detail, being the most attractive from the implementability point of view. The behavior of the two algorithms with respect to bounded external disturbances is characterized by input‐to‐state stability arguments. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed technique is shown both by comparative numerical simulations and by a real experiment addressing the estimation of the frequency of the electrical mains from a noisy voltage measurement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On power tracking and alleviation by a new controller for fulfilment of the damping and performance requisites for a variable speed wind system: An optimal approach

This paper addresses a new control strategy for a variable wind energy conversion system. The proposed controller aims to regulate the output power tightly in response to the desired value changes and alleviate power oscillations against the disturbances, including wind speed variation and fluctuation of the voltage magnitude, as voltage sag and swell. For the sake of straightforward analysis, an effective and reduced representation for the wind system is developed. In addition to the proper performance, the controller seeks to adequately fulfilment the damping requirements, as though both damping and performance requisites are taken into account control policy. Consequently, the proposed approach focuses on optimal tuning based upon a performance index incorporated into linear quadratic (LQ) cost function, which is subjected to the performance constraints. To validate the controller role, multiple simulation tests are carried out including set point tracking, disturbance rejection against wind speed, voltage sag and swell. Simulation results verify the proposed method features a satisfactory performance and sufficient damping, meeting both aspirations of the power regulation and disturbance suppression.     

Business models for accelerating phase-out of coal based generation: Developing typologies and a discussion of the relative merits of alternative models

Coal-fired electricity generation accounts for more than 10 Gt, or roughly 30 %, of global CO₂ emissions, with the majority of coal-fired generation capacity located in developing countries. It is possible to significantly reduce emissions from older, expensive and inefficient coal plants at less than US$10/tCO₂e. However, in the absence of suitable business models and financing options, accelerated coal decommissioning may not transpire. Several business models have been tested, such as policy-based closure, buyout, and repurposing, and swapping for renewables. Features of different models can be combined to develop hybrid models. This paper develops typologies for alternative business models so that the available options can be clearly understood and compared. The paper also discusses the potential merits and drawbacks of each model. Rather than offering definitive answers on a suitable approach for coal transition. the paper aims to collate the experience thus far and highlight questions that require further examination.