涡扇发动机机载自适应模型及性能蜕化估计

为了构建航空发动机实时自适应模型以完成航空发动机在线故障检测任务,保证飞行安全,提出一种改进的卡尔曼滤波方法,从工程应用的角度,利用发动机可测输出偏离量估计得到发动机性能蜕化值,并将其用于修正发动机不可测输出参数,从而建立某型民用航空发动机有效的机载实时自适应模型.仿真结果显示模型能够快速准确的完成性能蜕化的估计,能够用于航空发动机在线健康诊断.     

增程器用天然气发动机转速双闭环自适应控制

针对增程器用天然气发动机参数不确定,输出扭矩难以精确计算,存在未知干扰,且需要大范围调速等问题,设计发动机转速的双闭环自适应控制策略,并分析系统的稳定性.所提策略的外环为发动机转速环,控制器输出为目标进气压力,内环为进气歧管压力环,控制器输出为节气门开度.该策略结构简单,不需要知道发动机各个参数的具体值,抗干扰性能强,能够满足增程器发动机大范围调速的特点.分别在Matlab/Simulink平台和增程器台架上验证了所提策略的有效性和实用性.     

一种带有无模型外环补偿的PID控制

提出了一种新的控制器来解决传统的PID控制器不能很好地控制的系统,如非线性系统、变结构系统等。使用无模型控制作为补偿,用来解决由时变参数和参数估计误差引起的系统跟踪误差。当把外环去掉时,就是PID控制器。如果PID控制效果已经达到了理想状态,即受控对象的输出已经跟踪了期望输出,无模型控制的输出控制信号不起作用。证明了无模型控制的收敛性,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

对角CARIMA模型多变量自适应约束广义预测控制

为了简化约束存在时多变量广义预测控制算法的设计与实现,依据对角CARIMA模型的结构特点,将多输入多输出对象的参数辨识和模型预报问题转化为一系列多输入单输出子对象的参数辨识和模型预报问题.推导了输入输出的约束形式及优化求解过程.简化了多变量对象的参数辨识、模型预报、目标函数和约束条件系数矩阵的计算.在由DCS控制的非线性液位装置上的对比实验结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

对角CARIMA模型多变量广义预测控制改进算法

为了增强多变量广义预测控制算法(MGPC)的实用性,对其实现形式进行了进一步的简化.利用对角CARIMA模型的结构特点,先对系统中单个输出变量期望值的自由响应部分进行分解推导,将其表达成自由响应项系数与系统输入输出变量已知值乘积的形式,得到此输出变量的预测表达式,然后将系统所有输出变量的预测表达式代入目标函数中,得到的控制增量等于控制器系数与参考轨迹、过程输入输出历史数据的乘积.控制器系数只与模型参数及设计参数有关,求解控制量时不再需要进行模型输出预报,控制器结构简单,实现容易.对比实验结果表明了该方法保持了常规MGPC方法的优秀控制性能.     

瓦斯发电系统建模与仿真

针对燃气瓦斯发电系统中的动力传递过程进行建模研究,研究了燃气发动机的工作原理以及影响发动机输出的核心参数,推导了发动机输出与节气门、空燃比等参数的关联模型,并在Simulink下搭建了空气流量控制、燃烧控制以及燃料控制部分的仿真模型,应用Stateflow工具箱实现了不同空气、压力、速度以及节气门角度参数条件下,发动机对应的输出变化.实验结果与发动机的出厂MAP参数对比表明,仿真模型能够正确模拟发动机的工作特性;依托该模型,可以实现常见故障的模拟仿真,为后续故障诊断的研究奠定基础.     

一类基于RBF神经网络的动态系统在线自适应辨识方法

研究了基于神经网络的动态系统在线自适应辨识模型的基本结构,依据RBF（R adial Basis Function）网络线性输出的特点,给出了辨识模型参数的在线自适应校正的方 法,并进行了仿真实验,结果表明,该辨识模型校正方法具有一般性和实用性．     

非线性离散系统的自适应PID控制器

针对非线性离散系统设计了利用TSK(Takagi Sugeno Kang)模糊模型的自适应PID控制器。利用模糊模型预测控制信号误差,通过控制信号误差自适应PID控制器参数。比较系统输出和模糊模型输出自适应模糊模型的参数。该方法可以弥补系统参数的模糊性、数学模型的模型误差和系统参数的变化。非线性离散系统的仿真实验验证了所设计的自适应PID控制器对非线性离散系统控制的有效性。     

基于飞参数据和支持向量机的航空发动机建模

为了利用飞参数据进行航空发动机的状态监控,提出采用支持向量回归方法,建立空中飞行阶段发动机的工作模型,通过监控模型输出误差判断发动机工作是否正常。仿真结果表明,建立的模型能正确反映发动机各参数间的关系,适用性强,为发动机的状态监控奠定了基础。     

基于扰动补偿的无微分模型参考自适应控制系统设计

针对一类含有参数不确定性和未知非线性扰动的系统,本文提出一种基于扰动补偿的无微分模型参考自适应控制方法,实现系统输出对参考模型输出信号的高精度跟踪.首先,利用被控对象模型信息设计扰动估计器,对系统非线性扰动进行在线估计;其次,基于非线性扰动估计值设计参考模型和无微分参数更新律,构建无微分模型参考自适应控制器,建立基于扰动补偿和状态反馈的自适应控制律,以消除参数不确定性和非线性扰动对系统输出的影响,保证系统输出对参考模型输出的准确跟踪;然后,给出闭环系统误差信号收敛条件和控制器参数整定方法;最后,通过数值仿真验证所提方法的有效性和优越性.     

Direct adaptive neural network controller for a class of nonlinear systems based on fuzzy estimator of the control error

A new approach of direct adaptive control of single input single output nonlinear systems in affine form using single-hidden layer neural network (NN) is introduced. In contrast to the algorithms in the literature, the weights adaptation laws are based on the control error and not on the tracking error or its filtered version. Since the control error is being expressed in terms of the NN controller, hence its weights updating laws are obtained via back-propagation concept. A fuzzy inference system (FIS) with heuristically defined rules is introduced to provide an estimate of this error based on the past history of the system behaviour. The stability of the closed loop is studied using Lyapunov theory. A fixed structure is then proposed for the FIS and the design parameters reduce to the parameters of the NN. The method is reproducible and does not require any pre-training of the network weights.     

Iterative learning of model reference adaptive controller for uncertain nonlinear systems with only output measurement

In this paper, a model reference adaptive control strategy is used to design an iterative learning controller for a class of repeatable nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters, high relative degree, initial output resetting error, input disturbance and output noise. The class of nonlinear systems should satisfy some differential geometric conditions such that the plant can be transformed via a state transformation into an output feedback canonical form. A suitable error model is derived based on signals filtered from plant input and output. The learning controller compensates for the unknown parameters, uncertainties and nonlinearity via projection type adaptation laws which update control parameters along the iteration domain. It is shown that the internal signals remain bounded for all iterations. The output tracking error will converge to a profile which can be tuned by design parameters and the learning speed is improved if the learning gain is large.     

Output feedback model reference adaptive control for multi-input–multi-output plants with state delay

Two new output feedback adaptive control schemes based on Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) and adaptive laws for updating the controller parameters are developed for a class of linear multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) systems with state delay. An effective controller structure established on a new error equation parametrization is proposed to achieve tracking with the error tending to zero asymptotically. To achieve exact asymptotical tracking, we introduce, in the standard MRAC structure for plants without delay, a new additional adaptive feedforward control component as an output of a dynamical system driven by the reference signal. Adaptive laws are developed using the SPR-Lyapunov design approach and two assumptions regarding the prior knowledge of the high-frequency matrix . This work is the first asymptotic exact zero tracking results for this class of systems in the framework of the certainty equivalence approach.     

Dynamical adaptive integral backstepping variable structure controller design for uncertain systems and experimental application

In this study, a dynamical adaptive integral backstepping variable structure control (DAIBVSC) system based on the Lyapunov stability theorem is proposed for the trajectory tracking control of a nonlinear uncertain mechatronic system with disturbances. In this control scheme, no prior knowledge is required on the uncertain parameters and disturbances because it is estimated by two types of dynamical adaptive laws. These adaptive laws are integrated into the dynamical adaptive integral backstepping control and variable structure control (VSC) parts of the DAIBVSC. The dynamical adaptive law in the dynamical adaptive integral backstepping control part updates parametric uncertainties, while the other in the VSC part adapts upper bounds of non‐parametric uncertainties and disturbances. In order to achieve a more robust output tracking and better parameter adaptation, the control system is extended by one integrator and sliding surface is augmented by an integral action. Experimental evaluation of the DAIBVSC is conducted with respect to performance and robustness to parametric uncertainties. Experimental results of the DAIBVSC are compared with those of a traditional VSC. The proposed DAIBVSC exhibits satisfactory output tracking performance, good estimation of the uncertain parameters and can reject disturbances with a chattering free control law. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

航空发动机的非线性模块化建模与仿真

摘要采用面向对象建模技术和模块化层次化的架构,在发动机非线性数学模型基础上,应用Dymola／Modelica仿真软件开发了航空发动机模块化仿真模型库．该模型库具有分层结构,以及可扩展、标准化的特点．以此模型库为基础,用户可以根据需要灵活地建立相应的发动机系统级模型,并进行仿真验证．文中采用NASA的数据建立了一个混合排气的航空发动机模型,经仿真并与国外仿真结果比较,证明达到了预期目标．     

Stabilization of uncertain chained nonholonomic systems using adaptive output feedback

In this paper, adaptive output feedback control is presented to solve the stabilization problem of nonholonomic systems in chained form with strong nonlinear drifts and uncertain parameters using output signals only. The objective is to design adaptive nonlinear output feedback laws which can steer the closed‐loop systems to globally converge to the origin, while the estimated parameters remain bounded. The proposed systematic strategy combines input‐state scaling with backstepping technique. Motivated from a special case, adaptive output feedback controllers are proposed for a class of uncertain chained systems. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

基于双通道传感器的航空发动机在线故障诊断系统研究

对基于双通道传感器的航空发动机在线故障诊断和隔离技术进行了研究;在发动机机载非线性模型的基础上,对发动机的双通道传感器分别设计混合卡尔曼滤波器,利用该滤波器在线估计双通道传感器输出,并结合实际双通道传感器测量值以及发动机机载非线性模型的输出值在线实现传感器故障检测和隔离、部件故障及异常检测确认;利用该技术建立了某型涡扇发动机在线故障诊断系统,通过仿真实例验证了该系统的诊断性能,实验结果表明,本文所建立的在线故障诊断系统能够较好的完成故障诊断与隔离、部件故障及异常检测等功能,为此类系统的工程应用提供了理论依据。     

基于模糊神经网络的模型参考自适应控制

用模糊神经网络作为控制器,依靠参考模型产生理想的控制系统闭环响应,从而随时得 到控制系统的输出误差.用梯度法实时修正模糊控制器的输入和输出隶属度参数,得到一种 在线模糊自适应控制的新方法.通过倒立摆的仿真实验表明,该方法是可行的并能适应对象 特性的大范围变化.     

Adaptive Control of Piecewise Linear Systems with State Feedback for Output Tracking

A piecewise linear system consists of a set of linear time‐invariant (LTI) subsystems, with a switching sequence specifying an active subsystem at each time instant. This paper studies the adaptive control problem of single‐input, single‐output (SISO) piecewise linear systems. By employing the knowledge of the time instant indicator functions of system parameter switches, a new controller structure parametrization is proposed for the development of a stable adaptive control scheme with reduced modeling error in the estimation error signal used for parameter adaptive laws. This key feature is achieved by the new control scheme's ability to avoid a major parameter swapping term in the error model, with the help of indicator functions whose knowledge is available in many applications. A direct state feedback model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme is presented for such systems to achieve closed‐loop signal boundedness and small output tracking error in the mean square sense, under the usual slow system parameter switching condition. Simulation results on linearized NASA GTM models are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.