Properties of TM resonances on metallic slit gratings

Electromagnetic resonances on metallic slit gratings induced by TM polarized incident light have been investigated and physically interpreted. We have developed an electromagnetic model imposing surface impedance boundary conditions on the metallic grating surface from which we derive simple formulas explaining all physical properties of these resonances. It is demonstrated that Fabry-Perot (or cavity) resonances are generated by the zeroth slit mode yielding extraordinary transmission. For very narrow slits, the resonant H-field is squeezed to the slit walls and causes enhanced power losses. The excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), however, is generated by two mode coupling. SPPs are linked to sharp absorption peaks and dips in transmittance. It is shown that these phenomena are primarily caused by the interaction of the electromagnetic fields with the finite conducting slit walls. These findings have been confirmed by measured transmittance data of gold gratings with periods of 0.5 μm, 1 μm, and 2 μm.     

点力和线力作用下的结构振动响应研究

建立了平板结构在点力载荷和线力载荷作用下振动响应的理论模型，应用该模型计算出简支平板在两种载荷作用下的振动响应，然后进行比较分析。通过实验研究了点力载荷与实际惯性激振器产生的线力载荷作用下简支平板振动频响函数的差别。研究表明，点力载荷和线力载荷作用下的振动响应有一定差别，线力作用的圆环直径越大，这种差别越大，且高频段较低频段表现更为明显。     

Novel dynamic modeling of feed drive system using subspace method

An innovative approach is proposed in this paper where the subspace identification method (SIM) is applied to develop a dynamic model of a feed drive system. Unlike the lumped parameter or finite element models, the SIM determines the state space model by utilizing the acceleration profile of the interpolator as the input signal and the acceleration of the moving platform as the output signal. It is found that the model obtained from the SIM can determine the dominant modes which are excited during the motion. The twisting and longitudinal modes are identified from the frequency response diagram and modal analysis. It is shown that the novel model can be used to evaluate the dynamic responses under various trajectories with different accelerations and jerks. Experimental results shows that the subspace model can predict the vibration of the XY table quite accurately with the RMS (root mean square) error less than 20%.     

高速铁路铰接式列车车桥系统动力响应分析

根据铰接式车辆结构和悬挂形式的特点,建立了铰接车辆单元模型,以现有通用软件为基础直接生成桥梁模型的质量、刚度矩阵,并以实测轨道不平顺为系统激励,求解车桥耦合动力相互作用问题;以欧洲布鲁塞尔-巴黎高速铁路线上的Thalys铰接式列车通过Antoing桥为例,分析了桥梁的动挠度、竖向和横向加速度等动力响应及运行车辆的振动加速度响应,并对铰接式列车的振动特性进行了初步的探讨;最后通过现场试验对分析模型和计算结果进行了验证。     

Plasmon resonances in a gated two-dimensional electron system with lateral contacts

It is shown that strong plasmon resonances can be excited in the totally gated two-dimensional electron gas with lateral contacts by incoming electromagnetic wave. In such a structure, the plasmon resonance linewidth shrinks down to the minimal theoretical value determined by the electron scattering in two-dimensional electron system.     

铁路桥梁在高速列车作用下的动力响应分析

通过理论计算与现场试验研究高速列车与桥梁的动力相互作用。建立了车桥系统分析模型:列车模型每节车考虑27个自由度;桥梁模型采用模态综合法,系统激励为实测轨道不平顺。模拟中华之星列车高速通过秦沈客运专线24m双线预应力混凝土简支箱梁桥的全过程,计算了桥梁在高速列车作用下的动挠度、振幅、梁体加速度、桥墩振幅以及车辆的脱轨系数、轮重减载率、横向轮轨力等动力响应,并与现场实测结果进行了对比。     

Wide band random vibration of an equilateral triangular plate

The distribution of mean-square velocity response over a lightly damped uniform plate excited at a point by a wide-band random force tends to be more or less uniform except in certain special zones or lanes of intensified or decreased response. The locations of these zones depend on the symmetry of the plate shape and on the position of the driving-point. In the case of an equilateral triangular plate there is intensified response along a median whenever the driving-point lies on that median. When the driving-point is at the centroid of the triangle there is intensified response along all three medians with a localized concentration at the driving-point. It is shown that the driving point intensification ratio increases slowly, but without limit, as the excitation bandwidth increases due to the increasing multiplicity of the higher-frequency plate resonances. Quantitative estimates for the driving-point response are obtained from a computer evaluation of the multiplicities of the first 32 000 resonances and from an asymptotic approximation based on the theory of numbers.     

间隙对两轴液压振动试验系统动力学影响的研究

为了分析间隙对两轴液压振动试验系统动力学响应的影响,建立了间隙副连续碰撞力学模型,将含间隙副的系统模型导入 ADAMS中进行仿真分析,同时,搭建了一套实验系统并进行了简谐异步激振输入下的实验分析。仿真和实验结果表明：在激振器异步且运动副间隙尺寸一定的情况下,两个激振器之间产生了耦合振动效应,其稳态输出加速度响应有明显的波动,同时,随着激振频率和激振幅值的增加,系统峰值加速度响应急剧增加。因此,为了消除间隙副非线性因素的影响,合理设计两轴激振试验系统转动副间隙具有重要意义。     

Peculiarities of the thermal activation of carriers in CdSe/ZnSe QD structures

The results of experimental and theoretical investigations of thermal quenching of quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) in CdSe/ZnSe heterostructures are presented. It is found that at low temperatures, when carriers are strongly localized in QDs, QD PL intensity depends linearly on excitation power, but at higher temperatures, when carriers are thermally excited to the wetting layer, this dependence becomes superlinear. The activation energy of thermal quenching of QD PL intensity is found to be smaller than the sum of QD electron and hole potential depths. It is shown that these facts are explained satisfactorily by the model of independent electron and hole capture (escape) in QDs.     

Demonstration of magnetic dipole resonances of dielectric nanospheres in the visible region

Strong resonant light scattering by individual spherical Si nanoparticles is experimentally demonstrated, revealing pronounced resonances associated with the excitation of magnetic and electric modes in these nanoparticles. It is shown that the low-frequency resonance corresponds to the magnetic dipole excitation. Due to high permittivity, the magnetic dipole resonance is observed in the visible spectral range for Si nanoparticles with diameters of ～200 nm, thereby opening a way to the realization of isotropic optical metamaterials with strong magnetic responses in the visible region.     

Electron-Impact Cross Sections for Ground State to np Excitations of Sodium and Potassium

Cross sections for electron impact excitation of atoms are important for modeling of low temperature plasmas and gases. While there are many experimental and theoretical results for excitation to the first excited states, little information is available for excitation to higher states. We present here calculations of excitations from the ground state to the np levels of sodium (n = 3 through 11) and potassium (n = 4 through 12). We also present a calculation for a transition from the excited sodium level 3p to 3d to show the generality of the method. Scaling formulas developed earlier by Kim [Phys. Rev. A 64, 032713 (2001)] for plane-wave Born cross sections are used. These formulas have been shown to be remarkably accurate yet simple to use. We have used a core polarization potential in a Dirac-Fock wave function code to calculate target atom wave functions and a matching form of the dipole transition operator to calculate oscillator strengths and Born cross sections. The scaled Born results here for excitation to the first excited levels are in very good agreement with experimental and other theoretical data, and the results for excitation to the next few levels are in satisfactory agreement with the limited data available. The present results for excitation to the higher levels are believed to be the only data available.     

Stochastic and chaotic sub- and superharmonic response of shallow cables due to chord elongations

The paper deals with the non-linear response of shallow cables driven by stochastically varying chord elongations caused by random vibrations of the supported structure. The chord elongation introduces parametric excitation in the linear stiffness terms of the modal coordinate equations, which are responsible for significant internal subharmonic and superharmonic resonances. Under harmonically varying support motions coupled ordered or chaotic in-plane and out-of-plane subharmonic and superharmonic periodic motions may take place. If the harmonically varying chord elongation is replaced by a zero-mean, stationary narrow-band random excitation with the same standard deviation and center frequency, qualitatively and quantitatively completely different modes of vibration are registered no matter how small the bandwidth of the excitation process is. Additionally, the stochastic excitation process tends to enhance chaotic behavior. Based on Monte Carlo simulation on a reduced non-linear two-degree-of freedom system the indicated effects have been investigated for stochastic subharmonic resonance of order 2:1, and stochastic superharmonic resonances of orders 1:2 and 2:3. By analyzing the responses for two chord elongation processes with almost identical auto-spectral density function, but completely different amplitudes, it is shown that the indicated qualitative and quantitative changes of the subharmonic resonance primarily are caused by the slowly varying phase of the stochastic excitation. The superharmonic stochastic responses are dominated by random jumps between a single mode in-plane and a coupled mode attractor, which are caused by the variation of the amplitude of the random excitation. Such jumps do not occur in the subharmonic response, because the single mode in-plane attractor is unstable.     

Probing thermomechanics at the nanoscale: impulsively excited pseudosurface acoustic waves in hypersonic phononic crystals

High-frequency surface acoustic waves can be generated by ultrafast laser excitation of nanoscale patterned surfaces. Here we study this phenomenon in the hypersonic frequency limit. By modeling the thermomechanics from first-principles, we calculate the system's initial heat-driven impulsive response and follow its time evolution. A scheme is introduced to quantitatively access frequencies and lifetimes of the composite system's excited eigenmodes. A spectral decomposition of the calculated response on the eigemodes of the system reveals asymmetric resonances that result from the coupling between surface and bulk acoustic modes. This finding allows evaluation of impulsively excited pseudosurface acoustic wave frequencies and lifetimes and expands our understanding of the scattering of surface waves in mesoscale metamaterials. The model is successfully benchmarked against time-resolved optical diffraction measurements performed on one-dimensional and two-dimensional surface phononic crystals, probed using light at extreme ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelengths.     

振动驱动的电磁－永磁复合驱动建模

对一种新的电磁-永磁复合激励永磁体偏转驱动的机理进行振动应用理论分析和实验验证研究。对于这种电磁－永磁复合激励方式,提出一种基于面磁荷计算电磁扭矩的数值方法,建立电磁扭矩随电流和永磁体偏摆角度变化的数学模型,并将理论建模进行对比试验研究,验证所提出理论分析方法的正确性和基于永磁体偏摆驱动在振动驱动领域应用的可行性。     

爆炸地震地面运动竖向加速度的实验研究

对地面和地面以上爆炸地震引起的地面竖向振动加速度进行了实验研究。用药量为 2kg的TNT药包放置于地面和地面以上不同高度处引爆 ,通过测试获得了离开爆炸源不同距离处地面的竖向振动加速度。实验数据分析表明 ,加速度幅值的时间历程可以用一个双指数函数给出近似的包络过程 ,最大加速度随距离的衰减服从负幂函数关系 ,其取值和衰减速度与爆炸方式存在一定的联系。所提出的研究结果为爆炸地震效应的结构响应随机振源描述提供了理论基础。     

爆炸地震地面运动竖向加速度的实验研究

对地面和地面以上爆炸地震引起的地面竖向振动加速度进行了实验研究。用药量为 2kg的TNT药包放置于地面和地面以上不同高度处引爆 ,通过测试获得了离开爆炸源不同距离处地面的竖向振动加速度。实验数据分析表明 ,加速度幅值的时间历程可以用一个双指数函数给出近似的包络过程 ,最大加速度随距离的衰减服从负幂函数关系 ,其取值和衰减速度与爆炸方式存在一定的联系。所提出的研究结果为爆炸地震效应的结构响应随机振源描述提供了理论基础。     

基于响应的梁损伤识别

采用扭转弹簧模拟悬臂梁的损伤，导出了损伤梁位移模态和转角模态的近似公式，获得了损伤梁在单点激励下，零初始条件的位移和转角响应。发现损伤梁的转角响应在损伤处发生阶跃变化，而损伤梁的转角响应对位置的一阶偏导数在损伤处有脉冲两数型突变的特点，从而提出了基于损伤梁转角响应的损伤判据函数。通过对损伤梁和损伤桁架结构的数值模拟，表明提出的判据函数不仅可以利用简谐激励下的响应识别梁的损伤，电可以利用冲击激励下的响应识别桁架的损伤。实验结果表明利用所提出的判据函数，可以同时判别损伤的位置和损伤的程度。     

拉萨河特大桥动力测试与车桥耦合振动分析

为检验桥跨结构的动力性能,对主跨径108m,梁拱组合体系拉萨河特大桥进行动力试验。测试其自振频率和振型;激振试验中,测试桥跨结构在列车以不同速度通过桥跨和在桥上特定位置制动时桥跨结构的应变、位移、振幅以及加速度等动力响应,并将实测结果与车桥耦合振动计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明,该组合体系具有良好的竖向刚度、横向刚度;列车在桥上运行时对桥跨结构有一定的冲击作用但并不明显,列车在桥上行车时具有良好的安全性与舒适度。该新型结构的设计理论和计算方法是合理性的,为今后设计该类组合体系铁路桥梁提供理论依据和技术参考。