湍流大气传输光束的孔径平均到达角起伏

采用Rytov近似、包含湍流内外尺度影响的近似修正von Karmam谱和传输权重函数中的Airy函数的高斯函数近似,给出了平面波通过湍流大气圆孔接收孔径平均到达角方差解析关系。     

湍流大气中激光束抖动频率相关函数和降雨大气中激光束到达角起伏

一、引言 激光束在洁净大气中传播时，由于湍流的影响，光束波阵面到达角将作随机起伏，光束整体将作随机抖动。这些湍流效应严重影响激光大气通信和大气参数的光学法探测，所以人们对此作了大量研究。但是，对激光束在雨和湍流同时存在时传输的到达角起伏和湍流大气中双频光束抖动相关函数研究很少．而这些问题在实际工程应用中常涉及到。     

湍流尺度对高斯谢尔光束闪烁孔径平滑的影响

通过运用包含湍流内、外尺度因子的调制折射谱和波场交叉谱密度函数的互相干函数近似,研究了大气湍流内、外尺度对高斯谢尔光束闪烁孔径平滑的影响,得出了弱大气湍流起伏环境下包含大气湍流外尺度因素的高斯谢尔光束闪烁孔径平滑因子。结果表明,随着湍流外尺度的减小,孔径对高斯谢尔光束的大气闪烁平滑作用减小,湍流外尺度对不相干光闪烁孔径平滑作用的影响可以忽略。     

湍流大气中传输光波的波相位结构解析函数

在湍流大气对传输光波调制的双尺度湍涡(大尺度湍涡和小尺度湍涡)近似下,研究了用于计算描述湍流大气中传输光波相干长度变化的核心函数(互相干函数)的关键因子波结构函数(WSF),通过建立包含不同尺度湍流因子的折射率起伏谱密度函数,导出了可以用于精确理论分析平面波与球面波在湍流大气中传播时所产生的诸如到达角起伏和相干性变化等效应的波相位结构函数的精确解析式,同时给出了便于数值计算的近似误差在2%范围以内的波相位结构函数的精确渐近表达式。     

激光传输湍流大气的折射率起伏双尺度模型

运用Kolmogorov 1941串级湍流模型理论和近似①湍流大气中传输激光束的强度起伏可抽象为大尺度湍涡导致对小尺度湍涡产生强度起伏倍乘性再调制的双尺度过程;②分别由大尺度湍涡和小尺度湍涡产生的光闪烁相互统计独立;③在双尺度模型下,即使在湍流起伏饱和区,用于处理光闪烁的Rytov方法仍然适用.导出了包含湍流内外尺度因子的简化折射率起伏双尺度模型和湍流大气中传输平面波的闪烁孔径平滑因子.结果表明,有限湍流内、外尺度在0.5＜d＜3.5孔径区域增加了闪烁的孔径平滑作用.     

大气湍流尺度和强度对到达角起伏的影响

考虑到光束通过大气时受到大气湍流的影响,理论上分析了到达角起伏的原因,通过利用马尔种夫和平均强度的平方近似所求得到达角起伏公式,采用变形谱Von Karman所得出的波结构函数D(p,z),得出到达角起伏在考虑湍流内外尺度和强度影响下的到达角方差表达式.并在垂程方向上分析得出到达角方差随L增大而增大,在小于250m范围内,仅考虑湍流强度与考虑了湍流尺度和强度的影响相比,两者较接近,大于250 m以后,考虑了湍流尺度和强度的影响比仅考虑湍流强度影响的大.     

湍流介质中光像抖动的频率相关

本文运用“马尔柯夫近似”获得了光在湍流大气中传输时,接收系统焦面上像斑抖动频率相关函数的一般关系式和弱光束湍流扩展区域内像斑抖动频率相关函数的解析式,同时讨论了光像抖动与光源波长的相关问题.     

湍流大气中激光束抖动的频率相关及降雨大气中激光束到达角的起伏

我们运用微扰近似法和两滴粒子大小Marghall-Palmer分布,讨论了两对激光束传输的影响以及在微扰近似和马尔柯夫近似两种近似下讨论了洁净湍流大气中传输的光束漂移的频率相关。推导并获得降雨湍流大气中激光束到达角起伏方差解析式和到达角起伏频谱的表达     

非柯尔莫哥洛夫湍流对星光到达角起伏影响研究

基于A. S. Gurvich等人所提出的非柯尔莫哥洛夫湍流功率谱密度模型,推导了弱起伏条件下的到达角起伏方差,得到了一个解析的结果;然后,利用该结果分析了对流层柯尔莫哥洛夫湍流和平流层非柯尔莫哥洛夫湍流对星光到达角起伏的联合影响。结果表明:星光到达角起伏主要是由对流层柯尔莫哥洛夫湍流决定;对于不同的接收孔径,到达角起伏5%~14%是由平流层非柯尔莫哥洛夫湍流引起的。此外,非柯尔莫哥洛夫湍流对到达角起伏还取决于接收孔径、湍流外尺度及非柯尔莫哥洛夫湍流起伏强度。     

大气湍流对激光传输的影响

为了研究大气湍流对激光传输的影响,以大气湍流的激光传输效应为基础,建立了激光到达接收面的光强分布模型.模型考虑了折射率结构常数、传输距离、发射面和接收面孔径以及湍流引起的光束展宽等参数,分析这些参数对接收面光强分布的影响,以此研究大气湍流对激光传输的影响,并提出降低湍流影响采取的措施.     

长距离光传播路径中大气相干长度的测量研究

基于大口径闪烁法和差分到达角起伏法开展了间距为3.95 km近水平路径的大气相干长度测量实验。测量结果表明:在同路径的上下行光传播方向上,闪烁法测量相干长度的相关系数为0.94,而到达角起伏法测量相干长度的相关系数为0.79。路径权重的理论分析揭示了闪烁法对路径中部的湍涡敏感,且路径权重函数关于路径中部呈对称分布;到达角起伏法对接收端附近的湍涡敏感,其路径权重函数从发射端到接收端呈单调递增趋势。因此,实际的长距离光传输实验中,在不能确定路径中湍流强度分布的情况下,采用闪烁法测量路径上的湍流效应更适宜。     

The impact of angle-of-arrival fluctuations of electromagnetic wave on the direction of maximum radiation of aperture antennas

Formlas were obtained for estimating the impact of angle-of-arrival fluctuations of electromagnetic wave on the direction of maximum radiation of aperture antennas. A model of slow and fast angle-of-arrival fluctuations was proposed that makes it possible separate the impact of large and small scales of atmospheric turbulences.     

Polarization and angle-of-arrival fluctuations for a plane wave propagated through a turbulent medium

The correlation function of the fluctuations of the depolarized component of a plane wave as a function of the distance between two parallel line-of-sight paths is derived in terms of the index of refraction variations. A first-order solution to the wave equation is found using spectral analysis techniques. The mean square polarization fluctuation is predicted to have alambda^{2}dependence, in contrast to the work of another author which showed no wavelength dependence. Some numerical values are calculated and the restrictions on the solutions are discussed. At optical wavelengths the depolarized component is extremely small. From the point of view of minimizing the noise introduced by a turbulent atmosphere, polarization modulation seems attractive compared to amplitude or angle modulation. The problem of determining the angle-of-arrival fluctuations when using a wave optics formulation is discussed. If one accepts the statement that the angle-of-arrival is the normal to the wave front at any point, then the correlation function of the angle-of-arrival is simply related to the correlation function of the phase fluctuations and agrees with the ray optics results.     

大气相干长度的对比实验研究

大气相干长度是在激光大气传输和自适应光学研究中对大气湍流介质进行定量描述的重要参量。介绍了利用激光大气闪烁测量反演大气相干长度和利用差分像运动测量法(DIMM)测量光波到达角起伏方差来确定大气相干长度的两种不同测量方法，并根据光波到达角起伏和激光大气闪烁这两种不同方法测量大气相干长度的仪器，在相同的近地面传播路径上进行对比实验观测，两者测量结果有时存在一定的偏差，但其量级和时间变化趋势基本一致，这两种测量方法相互得到了验证。最后还对实验观测结果进行了讨论，分析了误差产生的原因。     

Waveform analysis of jitter in SRTS using continued fraction

This paper presents a method to analyze jitter waveform in synchronous residual time stamp (SRTS) using continued fraction. It is shown first that the jitter waveform can be decomposed into triangular wave components and that each component corresponds to a rational approximation value of a parameter called residue. Next, quasi-simple continued fraction expansion of the residue is defined to obtain rational approximation values of the residue in a systematic manner. This method gives a series of rational approximation values of the residue. It corresponds to the decomposition of the SRTS jitter waveform into triangular wave components. Many characteristics of the jitter waveform are derived by the quasi-simple continued fraction expansion of the residue. Especially, the average amplitude and period of each triangular wave component are given     

数字全息亚像素位移综合孔径方法

孔径综合是提高成像分辨率的有效手段。针对综合孔径数字全息术,提出一种亚像素位移精度的孔径综合方法。利用基于快速傅里叶变换的菲涅耳衍射公式进行目标光场重构,利用傅里叶变换的移位性质,将全息图的位移量转化为活塞相位和倾斜相位,从而实现任意位移量的数字全息孔径综合。开展了数字离轴全息综合孔径实验,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。同时,在牺牲一定分辨率的前提下,该方法能够显著减少孔径综合的运算量,具有很好的实时性,并降低处理器的硬件配置要求。     

湍流大气中激光回波到达角起伏

本文运用几何光学近似,导出了湍流大气中束状反射回波的到达角起伏表达式.结果表明:当准直光束和聚焦于反射器的光束照明后向反射器时,回波不存在到达角起伏,而当准直光束照明平面反射器时,到达角起伏是相同条件下视线大气传输光束到达角起伏的一倍.     

Ocean wave imaging using an airborne single pass across-trackinterferometric SAR

An airborne single pass across-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is used to image ocean waves. A theoretical model explaining the imaging mechanisms is developed, and simulations of the interferogram as well as the conventional SAR intensity image are presented for given ocean wave spectra. Distortions of digital elevation models (DEM) derived from InSAR data are explained by the motion of the sea surface. A Monte Carlo method based on forward simulations is used to estimate variance spectra of the distorted elevation models. It is shown that a straightforward estimation of wave height using the distorted InSAR elevation model is in good agreement with true wave height for low amplitude swell with about 10% error depending on propagation direction and coherence time. However, severe underestimation of wave height is found for wind seas propagating in flight direction. Forward simulations show that the distorted InSAR DEM is less dependent an the model chosen for the real aperture radar mechanism than conventional SAR images. Data acquired during an experiment over the North Sea by a high precision InSAR system are compared with simulations     

利用Seasat SAR遥感图象分析海浪的一种新方法

本文提出一种从seasat合成孔径雷达SAR遥感图象中分析海浪波长和方向的新方法。该方法首先对遥感图象进行定向取样;然后进行一维傅氏变换,求出海浪相关函数;最后求出海浪波长和方向。这种新方法的精度和运算速度明显优于通常采用的二维傅氏变换分析法。