一种分阶段的P2P流媒体数据调度算法

针对当前P2P流媒体中各节点数据调度时独立获取数据而对提高节点间数据协作性考虑不足,导致服务器负载较重的问题,提出一种分阶段的数据调度算法。当多个节点将请求的数据中含有相同数据块时,各节点将分两个阶段合作的获取这些数据。第1阶段按照带宽相对大小各节点以合作的方式先各自获取数据的一个子集,第2阶段节点间再充分共享上一阶段已经获得的子集数据,协作地完成该轮调度的数据传输。仿真实验表明该算法可以提高节点间数据协作性,充分利用节点带宽资源传输媒体数据,提高系统可扩展性。     

一种推拉结合的P2P流媒体数据传输调度算法

主要研究P2P流媒体系统的数据传输调度策略对播放延迟的影响,通过分析CoolStreaming模型的单一拉策略和Gridmedia模型的推拉结合策略,指出它们在播放延迟方面的不足,从而提出了一种推拉结合的数据传输策略:在推传输模式下的数据分配策略对节点的播放延迟起到关键作用,给出一个Least-Delay数据分配算法使得接收节点的播放延迟接近最小值,并通过模拟实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

推拉结合的P2P VoD数据分发算法P2

提出了一种用于P2P VoD系统的推拉结合的数据分发算法P2.节点采用Pull的方式向合作节点请求数据,同时,在有空闲的上行带宽资源时,用Push的方式向子节点推送数据.间进行实验证明,结合随机选取策略的P2更好的利用节点的上行带宽资源,降低服务器的负载,从而提高整个系统的服务能力.     

P2P分发网中大容量实时数据传输调度算法

当P2P分发网中一个节点同时从若干个其他节点获取数据时,需要对数据下载任务进行合理调度,并尽量按时完成更多的下载任务.本文提出了一种基于多任务负载均衡的调度算法,该算法在调度下载任务时,将尚未被调度的下载任务也作为调度依据,从而能够有效地解决下载任务之间对带宽资源的恶意竞争,合理地利用各个其他节点提供的下载带宽,最终完成更多的下载任务.实验结果表明该算法能够减少超时下载任务的数目,提高P2P分发网的实时数据分发性能.     

基于网络编码的P2P流媒体推拉结合数据调度方法customR2

相比传统的基于Pull模式的P2P流媒体数据调度方法,基于随机网络编码的随机Push方法R2具有提高视频服务质量、降低服务器负载和增强对节点动态的适应能力等优势,但是容易产生大量的冗余编码数据块,消耗一定的网络带宽的问题。因此提出了一个基于网络编码的P2P流媒体推拉结合数据调度方法customR2。当下游节点某个数据段所需的编码数据块将要接收完成时,通知它的种子节点停止向它Push该数据段编码数据块,转为向它的种子节点定制所需的编码数据块,从而有效减少了冗余编码数据块的产生。通过仿真实验,从播放延迟、流速率、网络规模等方面对customR2和R2进行了性能对比,实验结果表明customR2相比R2具有较小的编码数据块冗余度和较高的节点播放质量。     

一种基于节点可选度的P2P点播流媒体数据调度算法

当前的P2P(Peer-to-Peer)点播流媒体系统中数据调度算法未能充分利用每个用户节点自身的特性.在分析典型数据调度算法基础上提出一种基于节点可选度的数据调度算法(SSP算法).该算法一方面在调度下载数据块时综合考虑了邻居节点带宽能力及其所拥有的数据信息.另一方面对服务节点的请求处理过程进行了优化.SSP算法有利于提高用户节点播放视频的连续性,降低流媒体服务器的负载压力,从而改善P2P点播流媒体系统的整体服务质量.仿真结果和实际应用表明算法性能良好,适用于用户节点能力差异较大的P2P点播流媒体环境.     

基于贡献度的自适应P2P流媒体数据调度算法

在P2P流媒体系统中,数据调度算法是决定视频播放质量和系统性能的核心部分。针对当前P2P流媒体数据调度算法未能考虑节点带宽和服务能力的差异,从而造成对系统资源利用不充分的问题,提出一种基于贡献度的自适应(CBA)流媒体数据调度算法。算法定义节点贡献度来衡量节点的数据上传和可用带宽情况,预先向部分节点传输准备数据。并根据数据块优先级、带宽估计情况和节点贡献度等信息进行自适应调整,确定数据块请求的提供方和次序。仿真实验表明,CBA算法能充分地利用节点可用带宽,降低流媒体的启动延迟和服务器负载,改善系统的整体性能。     

基于遗传算法的P2P流媒体数据调度策略研究

介绍一种基于P2P的点播系统中的数据调度策略。该策略的主要特点是使用了遗传算法进行寻优,并针对该问题提出了相应的编码方式、适应度函数,罚函数以及控制服务器负载平衡的修补策略,在服务器和P2P网络中节点之间进行合理的分配调度数据,从而充分利用P2P网络中节点的资源以减轻服务器的负载。最后通过仿真实验,验证了算法的有效性。     

基于节点能力度的P2P流媒体资源调度算法

传统流媒体网络因流媒体数据量较大的特点,使服务器的负载重、主干网压力大,从而导致网络吞吐量降低。为此,提出P2P流媒体资源调度算法。通过引入节点能力度和数据块优先级概念,构建多层管理流媒体系统模型。在此基础上,给出多源节点协同调度算法。实验结果表明,与基于数据块优先级的资源调度算法、先来先服务算法相比,该算法能有效缩短系统启动时延,提高播放连续度。     

P2P流媒体的数据调度算法

数据驱动型覆盖网络中的数据调度算法是影响P2P流媒体系统性能的重要因素,为了解决当前算法未能有效利用数据块和节点的特性导致流媒体服务质量差的问题,提出了一种基于数据块优先级和节点能力度的数据调度算法。该算法能够根据数据块的稀缺性、紧迫性得到块的优先级大小,根据节点的上行带宽、在线时间、相对距离得到节点能力度的大小,使优先级高的数据块和能力度大的节点优先被请求,减少了数据块的播放等待时间。在OPNET网络仿真实验表明该算法能够有效降低流媒体播放系统的启动延时和服务器的负载。     

推拉结合的P2P直播系统研究与实现

分析基于推、拉和混合模式的P2P直播系统存在的问题,设计并实现一种分阶段推和拉相结合的P2P流媒体直播系统,引入节点评价机制和Gossip协议动态调整覆盖网双层拓扑结构,并通过补丁机制减少启动时延。系统试运行结果表明,该直播系统能有效减少网络传输负荷,提高分发效率。     

基于推拉结合机制的P2P流媒体分发算法

随着流媒体直播应用的日益扩大,传统C/S（Client/Server）模式网络构架的服务器负载过重,导致QoS（Quality of Service）得不到保证,而P2P（Peer-to-Peer）网络具有负载均衡、可扩展性、容错性强等优点。目前P2P技术开始逐步走向成熟。大多数P2P流媒体数据分发采用Pull模式或Push模式,本文提出基于推拉结合机制的P2P流媒体分发算法,通过仿真实验,从系统开销、端到端延迟等方面对两者进行了性能对比。实验结果表明,该推拉结合机制有效的降低了数据块传输时延,并且在很大程度上避免了数据块的重复推送,降低了数据冗余。     

Performance analysis of a novel hybrid push–pull algorithm with QoS adaptations in wireless networks

In this paper, we present a novel hybrid push–pull algorithm which combines broadcasting of push data items, with dissemination upon request of pull items in asymmetric communication environments. These environments are made up only of one database server and many clients. Requests made by the clients are queued up for the pull items. The (pull) item with the number of pending requests is the one selected to be pulled. We present a performance analysis of our scheme, and determine the individual response time for each item disseminated and the overall time for the pull queue to be flushed. Next, we extend our algorithm by incorporating quality of service (QoS) factors, and then, study its performance analytically.     

An efficient hybrid push-pull methodology for peer-to-peer video live streaming system on mobile broadcasting social media

With the rapid growth of wireless communication technology, the availability of highly flexible and video-friendly mobile terminal platforms (such as smartphones and tablets), the emergence of major video content providers (like YouTube, Ustream, and PPTV, which provide a large catalog of attractive contents), Peer-to-Peer (P2P) live video streaming over the wireless and Internet is becoming more and more attractive to users. One of the main challenges is to provide a good quality of service though the dynamic behavior of the network. Traditionally, tree-based model uses a push method, that broadcaster transfers data to other users. This model has low start-up delay. However, there are two main problems in this method: if the bandwidth of an internal node is low, children nodes may lose data and when an internal node failure, other nodes can’t receive data until completing the recovery of the tree. On the other hand, mesh-based model uses a pull method, has low bandwidth of a neighbor node by pulling necessary data from a number of neighbor nodes. However, mesh-based model requires large buffers to support pull data from neighbor peers and there is an adjustment between minimum delay by sending pull request and overhead of whole system. So, both models have their own strengths and weaknesses. This paper proposes a new hybrid push-pull live P2P video streaming protocol called MobileCast that combines the benefits of pull and push mechanisms for live video delivery. We present new topology for P2P network with more stable and provide better video streaming quality. Our main goal is to minimize the network end-to-end delay, startup time, overhead, packet loss compared to the pure mesh networks, pure tree networks and provide a good quality of service though the dynamic behavior of the network.

     

Effects of handle orientation,gloves, handle friction and elbow posture on maximum horizontal pull and push forces

Biomechanical models were evaluated for effects of handle orientation, handle material, gloves and arm posture on maximal pull/push force. Eight healthy subjects performed maximum pull/push exertions on handles with two different orientations and two different surface materials, using bare hand and two types of glove as well as two arm postures. The empirical data supported the proposed biomechanical models: Pull/push forces for the bare hand on a rubber handle decreased 10% when the handle was parallel to the pull/push direction, compared with when perpendicular to it. For parallel handles, pull/push forces further decreased with decreasing hand–handle friction coefficient (simulated by different handle materials and gloves). Pull force exerted by the bare hand was 29% greater when the elbow was extended than when flexed. Pull force was greater than push force (with bare hand and flexed elbow). The biomechanical models suggest that friction between the hand and handle limits pull/push forces for parallel handles. Elbow strength may be responsible for decreased pull force for the flexed elbow posture and decreased force for pull compared with push in the postures examined.

Statement of Relevance: Biomechanical models presented in this paper provide insights for causes of upper extremity strength limitations during pull/push tasks. Findings in this paper can be used directly in the design of workstation and objects to reduce fatigue and risk of musculoskeletal disorders.     

Biomechanical analysis for handle stability during maximum push and pull exertions

This study investigated the effect of handle stability on maximum push/pull force. It was hypothesised that people apply force in directions deviated from the pure push/pull direction to generate a moment that assists producing greater push/pull force when the handle position is fixed (stable) compared to when it is not fixed (unstable). Eight healthy subjects performed maximum push and pull exertions on a stable and an unstable handle in a seated posture, while maximum push/pull force, vertical force and lateral force were recorded. For the unstable handle, vertical and lateral forces were not different from zero during push and pull. For the stable handle, subjects intuitively applied significant downward force during push and significant upward force during pull exertions. As predicted from biomechanical analysis, this downward and upward force was found to be significantly associated with increased push and pull force, respectively, for the stable handle compared to the unstable handle.     

Agent推与拉通信模式性能比较临界条件及推模式算法

寻求一种稳定、位置透明的移动Agent通信策略,目前仍然是一个热门的研究课题.将推和拉两种消息传递的基本模式进行了详细分析,给出了两种模式性能比较的临界条件.该理论结果对无线网络中快速移动设备之间的消息传递同样具有借鉴意义.最后在基于邮箱的通信算法基础上,引入区域划分的思想,成功实现了推模式通信算法,算法能有效地进行移动Agent透明通信,大大降低了消息由邮箱到达Agent的时延,并降低了网络通信负载.     

P2P流媒体系统中数据请求任务转移算法研究

数据请求任务调度是P2P流媒体系统设计时需要考虑的重要问题之一。针对网状拓扑结构中每个节点接收到的请求分布不均问题,提出一种基于带宽和链路延迟的数据请求任务转移算法。实验结果表明,相比于未采用数据请求任务转移的算法,所提算法提高了平均播放质量和上行带宽利用率,从而改善了系统的性能。