2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚甲基化新工艺的研究——相转移催化在N-甲基化反应中的应用

1,3,3-三甲基-2-亚甲基吲哚啉是合成阳离子染料和光致变色物质的重要中间体。本文以三乙基苄基氯化铵(TEBA)作相转移催化剂,对2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚的N-甲基化进行研究,通过正交实验,找到了甲基化的最佳条件,使1,3,3-三甲基-2-亚甲基吲哚啉的实际收率稳定在90～92％,含量96～99％。从而为工业生产高质量1,3,3-三甲基-2-亚甲基吲哚啉提供了新的途径。     

在焦化生产条件下吲哚的浓缩与离析

众所周知,吲哚及其同系物是精细有机合成工业的重要原料。吲哚的主要来源集中在煤热处理的产品中,例如俄罗斯东方焦化企业煤焦油中的吲哚含量为0.5％。这些企业煤焦油精制时得到的洗油中吲哚含量达3.5％～4.5％。俄罗斯和乌克兰焦化企业煤焦油中吲哚的总资源为>6000t/a,而甲基吲哚的总资源为1000～1200t/a。 以前,酚厂使用的碱性熔化法离析吲哚回收率低(为资源的25％～30％),工艺复杂,环境有毒。 采用精细精制法提取吲哚不能得到纯产品,因为工业馏分中的联二苯和二甲萘与吲哚     

吲哚甲基海因的制备Ⅱ.低碱体系加氢过程

通过对吲哚亚甲基海因碱性溶液的紫外光谱和溶解过程分析可知,吲哚亚甲基海因在碱溶液中溶解过程可分为成盐溶解和缔合析出两个阶段。析出物为吲哚亚甲基海因钠盐的水合物。在80C,3．0Mpa条件下,采用吲哚亚甲基海因钠盐-水的低碱体系来替代碱水体系进行加氢反应,吲哚甲基海因的水解可降低50％。     

气相色谱法测定3，3-二甲基丁醇的含量

采用气相色谱法对3,3-二甲基丁醇产品进行分析,建立了毛细管色谱柱气相色谱内标法定量分析方法。在筛选色谱柱和优化色谱条件的基础上,选用Hp-225（φ0．25mm×0．25μm×30m）毛细管色谱柱测定3,3-二甲基丁醇产品含量。结果表明,目标组分分离效果良好。通过内标法对标准试样进行定量测定,目标组分重复测定5次的相对标准偏差均小于2％,回收率在98．96％-100．87％之间,表明方法的精密度和准确度良好。该方法为3,3-二甲基丁醇生产企业分析检测提供了一种快速、可靠的方法。     

催化柴油中含氮化合物的研究

采用气相色谱-氮化学发光检测器联用技术建立了催化柴油中氮化物类型分布的分析方法,考察了色谱条件对各种氮化物分离的影响,对柴油中60多种氮化物进行了定性、归类。以N,N-二甲基苯胺、4-甲基喹啉、2,4-二甲基喹啉、吲哚、1-甲基吲哚、2,3-二甲基吲哚、2,3,3-三甲基吲哚作为标准样品,考察了各种含氮化合物在氮化学发光检测器上的响应,证实该方法具有很好的重复性和准确度,可用于不同来源和不同加工工艺的柴油馏分中各种氮化物类型及分布的研究。     

液质联用法测定水产品中氯霉素残留

本实验优化了液相色谱一串联质谱法测定水产品中氯霉素的检测方法。样品经提取、净化和浓缩后,用1．0mL50％的甲醇水溶液定容,采用液相色谱一三重四级杆串联质谱仪、多反应监测扫描模式（MRM）检测和同位素内标法定量。氯霉素检测的线性范围为0．20～20．0ng／mL,定量限为0．20μg／kg。在加标量为1．00μg／kg时,样品加标回收率平均为88．4％,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于20％,满足水产品中氯霉素残留的检测要求。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中左旋氨氯地平

建立一种快速灵敏的液相色谱-串联质谱方法测定人血浆中左旋氨氯地平。分析样品经液-液萃取后,通过Zorbax SB C18柱进入质谱,内标为尼莫地平。标准曲线的线性范围0．05～20ng／mL,日内日间精密度小于7．4％,准确度在±1．1％之间,该方法成功应用于22名健康受试者口服5mg左旋氨氯地平的药动学研究。     

磷酸二苯酯催化的2-吲哚甲烷胺衍生物的合成

以磷酸二苯酯为催化剂,3-甲基吲哚类化合物与亚胺通过Friedel-Crafts加成反应一步合成了具有广泛药理活性的2-吲哚基甲烷胺类化合物,对反应条件进行优化.结果表明,当n(3-甲基吲哚类化合物):n(亚胺化合物):n(磷酸二苯酯)=1.0:2.0:0.1,其中,当以0.0025 mmol磷酸二苯酯为催化剂,1 mL无水二氯甲烷为溶剂,室温下反应30 min时,即可得到高收率2-吲哚基甲烷胺类衍生物(85％～90％).产物经1HNMR、13CNMR和HRMS进行了结构确定,并推测了反应机理.     

气相色谱／质谱联用检测化妆品中N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的残留

建立了气相色谱/质谱联用（GC/MS）检测化妆品中N,N-二甲基乙酰胺残留量的方法。样品经甲醇超声提取后,滤液直接检测。采用外杯法,选择离子定量。N,N-二甲基乙酰胺在（1．1～10mg／L浓度范围内线性关系良好．相关系数（r^2）为0．999。在0．2、1．0、2．0mg／kg添加水平下的平均回收率为89．6％～96．1％．相对标准偏差（RSD）为2．4％～3．9％,表明方法适用于化妆品中N,N-二甲基乙酰胺残留量的检测。     

二烯丙胺的气相色谱分析

介绍了采用气相色谱测定二烯丙胺质量分数的方法。选用5％SE-54／Chromsorb WAW DMCS色谱柱，以正庚烷为内标物，进行定量分析测定。本方法中二烯丙胺的标准偏差为0．14，变异系数为0．68％，回收率为98．9％～100．5％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.