围氏马尾藻岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对高脂血症小鼠脂质代谢的调节作用

目的：研究不同分子质量围氏马尾藻（Sargassum wigtii）岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对高脂血症小鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法：建立高脂血症小鼠模型,给小鼠灌胃中、低分子质量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯（MMWF1、MMWF2和LMWF1、LMWF2）,测定小鼠体质量和肝脏指数以及血清脂质指标总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）含量,测定肝脏脂质指标TC、TG含量,探索岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降脂效果。结果：灌胃4 种不同分子质量的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对高脂血症小鼠的体质量增长无显著影响,高剂量的4 种岩藻聚糖硫酸酯可明显降低高脂血症小鼠的肝脏指数（P＜0.05）。4 种岩藻聚糖硫酸酯具有显著降低高脂血症小鼠血清和肝脏TG、TC、LDL-C含量（P＜0.05）,提高HDL-C含量（P＜0.05）的作用,对动脉粥样硬化指数（atherosclerosis index,AI）也有明显降低效果（P＜0.05）,具有预防动脉粥样硬化生成的作用。结论：4 种岩藻聚糖硫酸酯能够有效降低高脂血症小鼠血清和肝脏TC、TG含量,调节脂质代谢,有效缓解高脂血症,高剂量组作用最显著,剂量依赖性较明显。     

烟籽油对高胆固醇血症大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

为研究烟籽油对大鼠血清胆固醇水平及肝脏中胆固醇代谢相关调控基因表达的影响,以高胆固醇饲料喂养的大鼠为动物模型,随机分为对照组(空白对照、模型对照、鱼油对照)和实验组(低、中、高剂量烟籽油),测定血清TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平;RT-PCR检测肝脏中胆固醇代谢相关调控基因表达;肝组织切片染色,观察大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性。结果表明:1烟籽油能有效降低高胆固醇血症大鼠血清TC和LDL-C水平,降低动脉硬化指数,改善肝细胞脂肪变性;2烟籽油可使高胆固醇血症大鼠肝脏中HMGCR基因下调表达,LDLR基因上调表达。因此,烟籽油具有明显的降低胆固醇作用,其机制可能是调控了肝脏中胆固醇代谢相关基因的表达。     

黑米通过上调小鼠肝脏CYP7A1的表达调控胆固醇代谢

目的:研究黑米对小鼠血脂以及肝脏中胆固醇代谢相关基因及蛋白表达的影响。方法:雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为4组,以玉米淀粉为碳水化合物来源的高脂高胆固醇膳食组为对照,实验组分别在高脂饲料中添加白米(精)和黑米(低剂量C+BL和高剂量C+BH)代替玉米淀粉。测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,Real-time PCR(RT-PCR)法检测肝脏中胆固醇代谢调控相关基因HMG-Co A-R、LXR-α、SREBP-2、LDL-R、CYP7A1等的m RNA表达水平,Western blot法检测LDL-R和CYP7A1的蛋白表达水平。结果:白米组血清中TC、TG、HDL-C含量较对照组无统计学差异,但黑米组血清中TC和TG含量较对照组降低,且HDL-C显著升高(P0.05)。RT-PCR结果显示,与高脂组相比,黑米添加组LXR-α、SREBP-2、CYP7A1 m RNA表达水平均上调(P0.05)。与高脂组相比,C+BH组小鼠CYP7A1蛋白表达显著上调(p0.05)。结论:黑米调节机体胆固醇代谢平衡可能是通过升高血清中HDL-C含量,上调肝脏中胆固醇向胆汁酸转化酶CYP7A1的表达。     

江蓠藻膳食纤维降血脂作用研究

采用高脂饲料喂养昆明小鼠建立高脂血症模型,以燕麦膳食纤维为阳性对照,测定江蓠藻膳食纤维100、200、400mg/(kg bw·d)剂量灌胃给药高脂血症模型小鼠,4 周后对其总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的影响。结果表明：江蓠藻膳食纤维能显著降低高血脂模型小鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-C 的含量,降低肝脏脂质水平,同时升高血清HDL-C 含量。江蓠藻膳食纤维具有调节脂质代谢的作用,可降低高脂膳食导致的氧化损伤。     

不同燕麦品种对大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

为研究不同燕麦品种对饲喂高脂饲料大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响,将40只雄性Wistar大鼠按照平均血脂水平和平均体重分为4组,即高脂对照组和3个燕麦组。喂食第0、10、20和30 d时分别测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和三酰甘油(TG)水平;试验结束时测定大鼠肝脏TC、胆固醇酯(CE)、游离胆固醇(FC)、TG和粪便TC、胆汁酸(BA)、脂肪含量。β-葡聚糖含量不同的燕麦品种都显著降低了血清和肝脏TC含量(P0.05),并促进了粪便胆汁酸排泄,而对血清HDL-C、TG和肝脏TG含量没有显著影响。以上结果表明摄入不同品种燕麦均能够通过促进粪便中胆汁酸的排泄来降低大鼠血清TC和LDL-C水平,及肝脏中TC和CE水平。     

超微粉碎对山楂不溶性膳食纤维降血脂作用的研究

目的:研究超微粉后山楂不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)对高血脂症小鼠血脂水平的影响.方法:以昆明小鼠为实验动物,分别给各剂量组饲料中添加5％、8％、12％剂量的山楂不溶性膳食纤维粗粉和超微粉,正常对照组饲喂基础饲料,高脂模型组饲喂高脂饲料;40d后测定小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和肝脏TC、TG水平.结果:山楂不溶性膳食纤维经超微粉后,在降低高血脂症小鼠血清TC、TG、AI、LCI水平及肝脏TC、TG水平,效果均优于粗粉.此外,山楂不溶性膳食纤维超微粉还能显著降低高血脂小鼠的LDL-C水平(p＜0.05),粗粉则无此功效.结论:超微粉后山楂不溶性膳食纤维的降血脂效果更好.     

芦荟蒽醌对高脂血症小鼠脂代谢及LPL、MTTP基因mRNA表达的影响

目的:研究芦荟蒽醌对高脂血症小鼠脂代谢及脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)、微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白(MTTP)基因表达的影响。方法:采用灌胃高胆固醇乳剂的方法建立高脂血症的模型,用精制芦荟蒽醌对高脂血症小鼠进行干预,持续4周后测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等生化指标,以此评定芦荟蒽醌对高脂血症小鼠的降血脂作用;采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法测定小鼠心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏等组织中LPL和MTTP mRNA的表达水平,从分子水平探讨芦荟蒽醌的降血脂机制。结果:芦荟蒽醌具有良好的降血脂作用,能够显著降低高脂血症小鼠血清中的TC、TG和LDL-C水平(P0.01),显著升高HDL-C水平(P0.05或P0.01);芦荟蒽醌可以显著提高心脏、肺脏及肾脏中LPL基因m RNA表达量(P0.05或P0.01),显著降低肝脏中MTTP基因mRNA表达量(P0.01)。结论:芦荟蒽醌具有调节高脂血症小鼠LPL和MTTP基因表达的作用,进而起到缓解高脂血症的功效。     

香椿叶提取物对高血脂症小鼠脂质代谢的调节作用及抗氧化功能的影响

为探讨香椿叶提取物(TLE)对高脂血症小鼠脂质代谢的调节作用及抗氧化功能,以高脂饲料喂养雄性Wistar小鼠,建立高脂血症模型,观察TLE对小鼠血脂和肝脂质水平、血清和肝脏抗氧化功能的影响及肝指数的变化情况.结果表明TLE能显著降低高脂血症小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的浓度,同时LDL/HDL水平亦显著下降;TLE能降低小鼠肝指数和肝脏TC及TG含量,提高血清总抗氧化力(FARP)水平,改善血清和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,并能降低血清和肝脏MDA含量.因此TLE具有调节脂质代谢和增强抗氧化功能的作用,可减少高脂膳食导致的氧化损伤.     

黑米通过上调高脂高胆固醇膳食饲喂饲雌性小鼠小肠ABCG5/8和ABCA1表达降低胆固醇水平

研究黑米对高脂高胆固醇膳食饲喂雌性小鼠血脂水平及小肠胆固醇代谢相关基因调控的影响。将48只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分成高脂对照组和三个实验组(高脂饲料中添加白米和黑米代替玉米淀粉),测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,气相色谱法检测肝脏中胆固醇含量,Real-time PCR法分析调控小肠胆固醇代谢相关基因HMG-Co A-R、MTP、ABCG5/8、ABCA1、NPC1L1等的m RNA表达水平。与高脂组相比,黑米组血清中TC和TG含量较对照组极显著降低,但白米组血清中TC、TG、HDL-C含量较对照组无统计学差异。与高脂组相比,白米组小鼠肝脏中胆固醇含量无显著变化,黑米低剂量组显著降低(P0.05),黑米高剂量组极显著降低(P0.01)。Real-time PCR结果显示,与高脂组相比,黑米添加组ABCG5、ABCA1 m RNA表达水平均显著上调(P0.01),MTP m RNA表达水平均显著下调(P0.05);黑米低剂量组ABCG8 m RNA表达水平显著升高(P0.05),高剂量组上调极显著(P0.01);黑米低剂量组NPC1L1 m RNA表达水平降低(P0.05),高剂量组下调极显著(P0.01);黑米高剂量组HMG-Co A-Rm RNA表达水平显著降低(P0.05)。结果表明,黑米对高脂高胆固醇膳食饲喂小鼠胆固醇代谢平衡的调节,可能是通过增加小肠中胆固醇排泄并抑制固醇的吸收实现的。     

银杏果精多糖的降血脂作用

采用水提醇沉法提取,Sevag法除蛋白,大孔树脂法脱色精制多糖,并对高脂模型小鼠进行实验,研究银杏果精多糖对高脂模型小鼠体重、脏器指数、血清的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)的影响。结果表明:银杏果精多糖高剂量组能显著降低小鼠体重和肝脏指数,提高小鼠肾脏指数,也能使小鼠血清中TC、TG和LDL-C的含量显著降低、HDL-C的含量显著升高、AI指数显著下降;银杏果精多糖中剂量组能使小鼠血清中TG和LDL-C的含量显著降低、AI指数显著下降;银杏果精多糖低剂量组可使小鼠血清中TG的含量显著降低、AI指数显著下降。说明银杏果精多糖具有降血脂作用,对冠心病和动脉粥样硬化有一定的预防作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press