磁铁矿负载生物炭强化厌氧微生物处理2,4-二氯苯酚废水

氯酚类化合物是一类对环境具有持续污染性的有毒有机物,在厌氧处理时具有生物毒害性。本文通过构建磁铁矿改性生物炭改善上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）内的导电性与加快铁还原过程,强化厌氧微生物对氯酚废水的去除效果。结果表明,加入磁铁矿负载生物炭的反应器化学需氧量（COD）、2,4-二氯苯酚去除率分别提高了20%与54.1%。磁铁矿负载生物炭具有多官能团与强接受/贡献电子能力,反应器内污泥充放电性提升23.8%。微生物群落结构分析显示,磁铁矿负载生物炭的加入提高了Mesotoga等水解菌丰度,提高了Petrimonas等具有电子传递功能的细菌丰度,抵抗高有机负荷冲击,加速酚类化合物的降解与转化。     

高氯废水COD检测方法的优化

本文的目的是针对影响高氯废水COD检测结果的不确定因素进行分析,优化高氯废水化学需氧量检测方法。检测方法有改进实验装置、确定影响空白结果的因素、取样量的确定。结论是通过对高氯废水化学需氧量实验的不确定因素进行分析,优化其检测方法,对于提高排污口水体化学需氧量检测数据的准确性,更好的评价水体受到有机污染程度具有重要意义。     

新型复合混凝剂PAC-PDMDAAC 在印染废水处理中的应用

采用聚合氯化铝（PAC）-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物（PDMDAAC）无机有机复合混凝剂（简称PAC-PD-MDAAC）对印染废水进行混凝脱色处理，探索了药剂投加量、原水的pH、沉淀时间和搅拌时间对脱色牢和COD去除率的影响。实验表明：PAC-PDMDAAC处理印染废水，对降低废水中的化学需氧量、色度具有显著效果，COD去除率为67．4％，脱色率为50．4％。处理效果优于PAC，略低于PDMDAAC。     

新型焦化废水深度处理工艺的应用研究

为解决焦化废水净化效率低、经济性差、对环境污染严重的现状,提出以臭氧-絮凝综合处理为核心的新型焦化废水处理技术,对不同工艺参数下的焦化废水处理方案进行了研究,结果表明,当催化剂添加比例为30%、臭氧添加流量为3 L/min、絮凝剂添加量为690 mg/L的情况下该技术具有最佳的净化处理效果,对焦化废水中化学需氧量（COD）的去除率达到了69.9%,对总有机碳（TOC）的去除率达到了52.4%,化学需氧量极大地提升了焦化废水的净化效果,降低了对环境的污染。     

松脂加工废水综合治理在生产中的应用

松脂加工废水呈酸性,污染物浓度高,生物难降解。采用微电解、石灰中和、聚合氯化铝混凝、锅炉除尘等方法进行综合处理,使高浓度有机废水的化学需氧量COD去除率达98%以上。     

松脂加工废水综合治理在生产中的应用

松脂加工废水呈酸性，污染物浓度高，生物难降解。采用微电解、石灰中和、聚合氯化铝混凝、锅炉除尘等方法进行综合处理，使高浓度有机废水的化学需氧量COD去除率达98%以上。     

强化预处理乙醇废水协同除磷试验研究

酿造行业废水具有高有机物浓度、高浊、高磷等特点,对后续生物处理的十分不利。采用混凝沉淀强化处理,能够有效提高化学需氧量（COD）、悬浮物（SS）的去除率,同时降低磷浓度,对后续生物处理具有促进作用。探讨了不同混凝剂、混凝剂的投加量对混凝沉降速度和COD、浊度、磷去除效果的影响。研究表明,三氯化铁为预处理乙醇废水最佳混凝剂,在p H值为7-8时,投加量为80mg/L,沉降速度较快,COD的去除率可达59%,磷的去除率〉90%。继续投加助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）可以提高废水的处理效果,但是不显著。     

反渗透法净化废水

含有机物和无机物浓度较高的废水的净化是比较困难的。众所周知,用生物处理的方法,可净化含有机物的废水。但这种废水的净化程度,与有机组份的被氧化程度或该组份在曝气池中形成生物活性污泥的程度有关。但遗憾的是,大多数含化学废水中的有机物不能给活性污泥的生物群落以足够的能量使它生长。其特点是,生物需氧量/化学需氧量比值小。显然,这种     

高盐有机废水处理技术研究新进展

  随着工业的发展,大量排放的高盐有机废水对环境产生非常不利的影响。本文对传统的物理化学方法处理高盐废水进行总结,重点论述了膜分离技术在高盐有机废水处理中的应用。同时指出生物法（好氧生物法、厌氧生物法和好氧/厌氧组合工艺）被广泛地用于高盐有机废水的处理,其处理性能主要取决于嗜盐微生物的培养和驯化。在综合分析的基础上,指出高效能氧化剂的研制、性价比优良膜的制备、嗜盐菌的快速驯化和新型生物反应器的开发是高盐有机废水处理技术中的热点研究问题,物理化学法和生物法的组合工艺是高盐有机废水处理的研究方向。     

A^2／O生物处理工艺在焦化废水处理中的应用

主要介绍了上海焦化有限公司污水处理改扩建工程中实际应用A^2/O生物处理工艺处理焦化废水的基本情况，试运行效果，比较A^2/O生物处理 焦化废水工艺与A／O生物处理工艺，并结合实践表明A^2/O生物处理工艺处理有毒难降解有机废水（焦化废水）的可行性。     

纸浆绿色漂白——二氧化氯漂白

二氧化氯是ECF漂白工艺的主要漂白剂之一,已被应用于制浆厂的多段漂白。生产实践表明,在相同有效氯用量下,二氧化氯漂白产生的可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)仅为氯气漂白的1/5,而不影响脱木素。二氧化氯具有强氧化性,较强的脱木素能力和脱木素选择性。在ClO2漂白过程中,缓冲体系的建立有利于维持pH的稳定,二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、H2O2、NaClO2等一些助剂减少了ClO2漂白过程中AOX的生成量。ClO2生产设备国有化、采用灵活多变的漂白工艺是今后发展的趋势。     

An amperometric titration method for bleach evaluation

An analytical method has been devised as a rapid screening procedure which predicts how effective an active chlorine containing compound will be as a bleaching agent. The method is based on an amperometric titration which indicates bleaching performance from both the increase in whiteness and fabric tendering standpoints. Excellent correlation was obtained between amperometrically determined data and practical bleaching data for several extensively used bleaching agents. In connection with this amperometric titration method, a polarographic method is also presented which provides good correlation between the polarographically determined data and practical bleaching data.     

废报纸脱墨浆两段漂白工艺研究

研究了废报纸脱墨浆过氧化氢―过氧化氢(PP)、过氧化氢―甲脒亚磺酸(PF)两段漂白工艺。结果表明,废报纸脱墨浆PP漂白中第二段过氧化氢漂白的适宜工艺条件为:浆浓20%,漂白时间2.5 h,温度60℃,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)用量0.2%,硫酸镁用量0.05%,硅酸钠用量0.5%,过氧化氢用量4%,氢氧化钠用量0.5%,漂后浆白度71.5%(ISO);PF漂白中第二段甲脒亚磺酸漂白的适宜工艺条件为:漂白温度60℃,漂白时间40 min,浆浓10%,甲脒亚磺酸(FAS)用量1.6%,NaOH用量0.8%,漂后浆白度68%(ISO)。     

微波强化H2O2在植物纤维漂白中的应用研究

将微波技术应用于造纸工业中的过氧化氢漂白工段,可促进纤维素发色基团结构的改变而优化纤维漂白机制,使反应速率大大提高,有效地降低了漂白时间,提高了植物纤维漂白的效果及效率,优化了造纸工业H2O2漂白工艺。纸浆漂白的最佳工艺条件为H2O2用量5mL,微波辐射功率800w,辐射时间1．5min。     

DMD在纸浆漂白中的应用进展

综述了二甲基二环氧乙烷（DMD）的制备方法、结构特点、选择性氧化的化学特性、与木质素的相关反应机理及DMD在纸浆漂白中的作用.DMD作为一种强的亲电氧化试剂,具有良好的脱木质素能力和选择性.DMD作为漂白剂单独用于纸浆漂白,可以使纸浆达到较高的白度;DMD作为多段漂段间的活化剂,可提高后续漂白的效果.不同于传统含氯漂白的污染性,DMD的低污染和高漂白效率的特点,使其在纸浆全无氯漂白方面有着良好的应用前景.     

白杨木粉碱性过氧化氢漂白条件的优化

研究了碱性条件下过氧化氢对杨木木粉的漂白工艺,探讨漂白温度、漂白时间、H₂O₂用量、pH值及偏硅酸钠用量对白度的影响。结果表明,过氧化氢对杨木木粉漂白的最佳工艺条件为:H₂O₂用量为40%,Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O用量为8%,pH值为10~11,漂液温度在60~70℃,漂白时间40 min。该工艺对杨木粉进行漂白,最高白度可达到85%~90%(ISO),高于文献上报道的H₂O₂漂白白度。     

粉体材料漂白实践

通过大量的试验和工业生产实践，对化学漂白的影响因素、漂白药剂选择与搭配进行了较深入探讨。对高岭土和轻质碳酸钙化学漂白工艺流程和漂白过程中物料浆液的pH值、质量分数、温度、漂白剂用量、漂白时间等工艺条件进行了分析并给出最佳范围。     

Reaction of sodium perborate with a chlorinated cyclic hindered amine (N-chloro-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) II. Activating effects and related characteristics in practical fabric bleaching

A synergetic bleaching activation phenomenon of the chlorinated cyclic hindered amine, N-chloro-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP-Cl) on sodium perborate (PB) was examined under some practically applicable bleaching procedures. By combining TMP-Cl with PB, the bleaching effect toward black tea, fruit juices and other stains was enhanced synergetically, achieving an efficiency similar to that of the well-known tetraacetylethylenediamine/PB system. However, behavior observed in the TMP-Cl/PB system, such as high bleaching efficiency in an alkaline range, superior durability for repeated bleaching, less discoloration of cloth that contains reactive dyes and no influence on the activity of an enzyme, was favorable for a bleaching component of heavy-duty detergents.     

Untersuchungen zur Entölung von Bleicherde mit überkritischem Kohlendioxid

Investigations on De-oiling Bleaching Clay by Supercritical Carbon-Dioxide Refining edible fats and oils, an adsorbent accrues during the bleaching process, which contains oil up to 40% by weight. As disposal of this contaminated material is problematic, it has more and more been taken into consideration to deoil and to recycle the bleaching clay. Up to now, the methods of deposition, extraction with hexane, and scorching have been applied. Our investigations to decontaminate the bleaching clay were carried out by means of high pressure extraction using carbon dioxide as a solvent. For this purpose, bleaching clays from the refinement of rape seed oil and palm oil were investigated. During the CO₂-extraction of the earth, pressure and temperature have been varied and, during the separation process, the number of separation steps in addition. Furthermore the CO₂-mass flow has been altered. Besides of deoiling the bleaching earth as far as possible, the experiments aimed to recover the oil in good quality and to restore an operational bleaching clay. The results of the kinetic investigations revealed that the bleaching clays react differently to variation of the extraction parameters. While it is possible to determine an optimal operating point of the experimental set up for the bleaching clay of palm oil, it is not for the bleaching clay of rape seed oil. The results of the analysis of the extracted oils, palm oil and rape seed oil, are comparably good. The CO₂ extraction delivers a selectively extracted oil. On the contrary, the residual activity of the bleaching clays is a different one, i.e. at most 50% of the activity of fresh bleaching clay.     

Combination of Ozonation and Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching for Linen Fabrics: Optimization of the Process Using Experimental Design Technique

It is well known that ozone can be used as a bleaching agent for cellulosic textile materials. In the context of this study, investigations were undertaken to optimize bleaching of linen fabrics using Box-Behnken Experimental Design. The bleaching process involved two distinct steps where linen fabrics were ozonated under different treatment times then the latter in a subsequent step were subjected to hydrogen peroxide bleaching under a variety of conditions. As a result of study, three optimum recipes were achieved and pretreatment with ozone for 15 min before peroxide bleaching supplies time and chemical savings.