Predicting the energy-supply parameters for a transportation process based on multifactor models

Results are presented for the construction of a model of an energy-supply parameter characteristic for the transportation process, “electric-energy consumption for traction (plan),” based on the identification thereof with actual production and economic parameters by the example of one of the branches of JSC Russian Railways. The research was carried out based on a database created for monthly actual values over a long period, from 2007 to 2016. A methodology and results are presented for statistical studies of the parameter “electric-energy consumption for traction (plan)” in conjunction with 20 parameters, including “sectoral speed,” “average weight of the train,” “transportation costs.” The methodology involves choosing the factors for a multifactorial model and elimination of the consequences of multicollinearity based on the results of cluster analysis and constructed dendrograms. Variants are presented for the construction of multifactorial models to predict and manage the parameter of “electric-energy consumption for traction (plan)” for control and risk-management tasks. A variant of construction of a multifactorial model for predicting and control of the parameter “electric-energy consumption for traction (plan)” for control tasks and risk-management is given. As a mathematical tool for constructing the multifactorial models, a technique of linear regression equations has been used. The construction of dendrograms and obtaining the regression equation coefficients have been carried out using the Statistica software package. Using the multifactorial model results in improvement in the predictive accuracy of the “electric-energy consumption for traction (plan)” parameter measured with a MAPE estimate, from a 15% level to a level better than 6%.     

汽轮机转子热疲劳的计算方法

本文介绍了转子热疲劳计算方法,从理论上推导了计算额定弹性应力和应力集中系数的公式,阐明了利用通用周期应变特性和短时蠕变特性计算转子热疲劳寿命的步骤。该方法对苏制200、300和500MW机组的寿命计算和寿命管理提供了比较适当的公式。     

新型自然软开关变流技术研究

以拓展三相逆变器的自然软开关动作状态为出发点,提出了一种新型可升压自然软开关变流技术。由于采用该技术的新型三相逆变器电路结构简单,控制方便、可靠,因而能方便地作为电力有源滤波器的逆变器用于谐波补偿。在此,对一种新型逆变器拓扑和新型自然软开关变流技术特性进行了研究。通过对主电路的分析,推导出了新型AC/DC/AC变换器拓扑。采用空间电压矢量法,并结合所提出拓扑的特点,重点介绍了如何采用锯齿载波空间矢量脉宽调制法,以实现数字控制。最后通过仿真实验,验证了该控制技术的正确性和可行性。     

超超临界无旁脱硫脱硝机组新型DCS结构

江西景德镇电厂属国内首台投运的新建超超临界无烟气旁路挡板脱硫和脱硝机组。本工程成功采用了全新的DCS网络结构,对以往传统的脱硫、脱硝DCS网络结构和配置进行突破。在取消脱硫脱硝旁路的大环境下,这种新型的网络结构和配置将更适应工艺系统的安全性设置,其带来的系统的可靠性、稳定性和运行便利性将对今后同类型机组在无旁路脱硫脱硝下具有指导作用。     

提高认识, 坚定信心, 为实现一流省电力公司的目标而奋斗——在2000年11月17日省公司加强管理争创一流工作会议上讲话(摘要)

加强管理,争创一流是电力企业永恒主题,是实现形势发展电力工业的要求,是站在新世纪起跑线上做出的正确选择。阐述了省公司加强管理创建一流的目标,分析了省公司创建一流所具备的必备条件,提出创一流应抓的几项工作,号召共同努力,敢于争先,勇创一流,在新世纪再创辉煌。     

Development of an electron-beam welding unit for small-size pieces

Requirements for equipment for electron-beam welding of small-size pieces are presented. Features of physical processes of the formation of low-power electron beams in process installations are shown. Mathematical simulation methods were used for the analysis of the operation of a three-electrode electron gun and for the choice of operation modes of power sources. The design and characteristics of the developed inverter power source for the electron-beam gun are described. The design of an electron-beam welding unit for small-size pieces is given.     

Long-term strength determination for cooled blades made of monocrystalline superalloys

For the manufacture of blades for modern gas-turbine installations, monocrystalline alloys are used. Traditional methods for the calculation of stressed-deformed state and safety factors for these alloys developed and verified for polycrystalline materials need to be adjusted. This paper deals with methodological principles for an approach to the solving of the problem concerning a finite-element determination of the long-term static strength for cooled monocrystalline blades employed in gas-turbine installations based on the use of two different models (phenomenological and micromechanical) considering the inelastic deformation of monocrystalline superalloys. An analysis has been performed for the distribution of Schmid factors in the spherical triangle for primary and secondary octahedral and cubic slip systems. Calculations are performed using Larson–Miller’s parametric dependences taking into account the crystallographic orientation of the material. A determination procedure for the anisotropy coefficients of long-term strength is described based on data for different orientations. A comparative analysis of the results of finite-element calculations made using phenomenological and micromechanical (crystallographic) creep models for the long-term static strength of cooled monocrystalline blades used in a gas-turbine engine has been performed. It is shown that the location of the most loaded sections of such a blade coincide with the results of calculations according to these models. It has been found that the micromechanical deformation model results in the obtaining of the most conservative estimate for the long-term strength of turbine blades made of monocrystalline alloys. It is shown that the calculations using models for materials with isotropic properties can produce considerable errors in determining the durability of the blades. The possibility is considered for using 1D-, 2D-, and 3D-models for turbine monocrystalline blades in the determination of their durability parameters.     

电网可视化无源滤波器优化设计软件开发

治理电网谐波时,怎样计算出无源滤波器的位置和参数成为其中的关键。目前的一些电力系统仿真计算软件或者只能在时域对单个谐波源进行频谱分析而不能进行谐波潮流的计算,或者只能进行谐波潮流计算而不能进行滤波器优化设计。我们基于Matlab和Delphi等开发平台,运用COM技术、面向对象等混合编程思想,开发出了1套电力系统谐波问题分析与治理的可视化操作软件包,为电网谐波问题分析与治理提供专门的整套解决方案。     

作为新型CO2吸收剂的乙酸钙循环碳酸化特性

钙基吸收剂的循环煅烧/碳酸化反应是煤燃烧或气化过程中捕获CO2的有效途径。该文采用乙酸溶液调质石灰石的产物乙酸钙作为CO2的新型吸收剂,以解决石灰石经过多次循环煅烧/碳酸化反应后吸收CO2能力急剧衰减的问题。在煅烧/碳酸化反应器上,研究碳酸化温度和煅烧温度对乙酸钙循环碳酸化转化率的影响。结果表明：碳酸化温度在650~700 ℃时乙酸钙能获得很高的碳酸化转化率,经20次循环后转化率仍高达0.5,明显高于石灰石。在高浓度CO2气氛下,在较高的煅烧温度(920~1 050 ℃)时,乙酸钙仍能获得较高的碳酸化转化率。乙酸钙的抗烧结能力较石灰石更强。多次循环后乙酸钙煅烧后的比表面积和孔容均大于煅烧后的石灰石,且孔容分布和孔比表面积分布均优于煅烧后的石灰石。     

智能变电站二次系统施工图标准化设计研究

二次系统施工图标准化设计是智能变电站规范设备建模和系统参数配置的基础,是全站工程施工及调试的依据。针对目前二次系统设计存在的问题,依据国家电网公司制定的通用设备接口规范,研究确定了二次系统施工图标准化设计内容及表达方式,有效规范了各种二次设备的信息模型,实现全站模型的标准化,以满足"标准化设计、工厂化加工、装配式建设"的要求。     

磁场热处理对Fe-Cr-Co合金组织与性能的影响

本文系统研究了Fe-Cr-Co合金（2J85）在不同磁场强度下经过五种温度磁场处理后磁场强度和温度对合金微观组织和磁性能的影响，研究结果表明，磁场热处理温度为635℃时，在磁场热处理的各种磁场强度下合金均显示相对最佳磁性能，其中尤其以磁场强度为4000Oe时获得最高磁能积，即（BH）mx=6.63MGOe3,此外，本研究还显示，提高磁场热处理时的磁场强度，具有降低Fe-Cr-Co(2J85)合金对磁场热处理工艺敏感性的作用。     

地区电网调度自动化系统的标准化与规范化建设

阐述了地区网调度自动化系统的标准化、规范化建设的重要性,着重分析和讨论了建设中的关键问题：远动规约标准化、调度自动化系统软件标准化、SCADA／EMS系统质量检验标准化、调度管理信息系统规范化。并提出了地区电网调度自动化系统标准化、规范化建设的策略和发展方向。     

EPR与CPR1000核电厂1级部件制造与安装水压试验差异研究

1级部件制造与安装阶段的水压试验是核电机组后续调试与安全运行的重要前提。对比分析了不同版本法国《压水堆核岛机械设备设计和建造规则》（RCC-M）关于水压试验要求的差异,并结合CPR1000和EPR 2种机组的系统和结构特点,对1级部件在制造、安装阶段水压试验的试验压力和试验边界等差异进行了论述,并探讨了EPR机组1级部件在制造与安装阶段水压试验的压力选取方法,所得结果可为EPR机组制造与安装阶段的水压试验工作提供重要参考。     

TS112钢质修补剂在电机中的应用

通过ＴＳ１１２钢质修补剂在电机钢质零部件缺陷修补中应用的试验研究，论证该修补剂应用到电机钢质零部件缺陷中的可行性。     

A world movement of engineers for peace: proposal for an actionplan

In 1987, the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation offered a $50000 Peace Prize for the best proposal offering an action plan to provide sufficient incentives for science to be used for peaceful rather than destructive purposes. The winning proposal, submitted by the Hungarian Engineers for Peace, is reprinted here with minor changes. The authors propose that engineers and science professionals consider and elaborate their own standpoint and communicate their opinion, supported by scientific arguments and verification, to other citizens in their countries. They call for a world movement of engineers for peace. They provide an action plan and time schedule for a world congress of engineers for peace     

大朝山电站225MW水轮机转轮卡门涡共振分析

分析了云南大朝山电站225MW水轮发电机组运行时发生卡门涡共振,产生金属蜂鸣声及叶片裂纹的原因,经分析处理并取得成功,为大型水轮机的安全运行提供了经验.图4表2     

浅谈500 kV 惠泉变无人值班运行管理规范

阐述了国家电网公司第一座500 kV无人值守变电站——500 kV惠泉变电站运行管理规范,包含对一、二次设备要求、监控后台界面要求、程序化操作模式要求、变电站的监控、测控五防与程序化操作的执行条件、程序化操作票的编写等内容,以期为今后500 kV无人值守变电站的运行管理提供参考。     

±1100kV特高压直流换流站过电压保护和绝缘配合

为合理确定±1 100 kV特高压直流换流站的绝缘水平,基于准东—成都±1 100 kV特高压直流输电工程,根据特高压换流站的绝缘配合方法,对准东换流站的绝缘配合进行了研究。根据特高压直流换流站避雷器布置基本原则,并结合现有±800 kV特高压直流换流站的绝缘配合经验,提出了±1 100 kV准东换流站的避雷器布置方案,详细分析了换流站交流侧、阀厅、直流母线和中性母线等不同区域的过电压保护策略,最后根据推荐的设备绝缘裕度确定了换流站设备的绝缘水平,直流侧1 100 kV直流极线的雷电冲击和操作冲击绝缘水平推荐为2 600 kV和2 150 kV;直流极线平波电抗器阀侧设备和高压端Y/Y换流变阀侧设备的绝缘水平建议取为一致,雷电冲击绝缘水平和操作冲击绝缘水平分别为2 500 kV和2 250 kV。研究结果对换流站设备的选型和制造具有重要指导意义,将为该特高压工程建设提供重要依据。     

压电驱动器系统的控制设计

针对压电伺服系统中执行机构的应用特点,分析指出压电超声马达不适宜用作高精度伺服系统中的执行机构,而是应该采用压电堆驱动的执行机构。对于压电堆驱动器的迟滞特性,提出采用便于进行仿真研究的Bouc-Wen迟滞模型,用Bouc-Wen模型分析了压电堆驱动器的非线性迟滞特性和它的补偿问题。提出了采用基于负反馈原理的扰动观测器来补偿迟滞,进一步分析了具有迟滞特性的压电伺服系统的自振荡问题,并与齿隙滞环引起的自振荡进行了比较,指出带压电滞环反馈的系统中是不会出现自振荡的。基于上述分析,提出了一种压电伺服系统的设计指导,并给出了仿真结果。     

Cyclic Temperature Calculations and Measurements for Underground Power Cables

Two time-dependent heat transfer models were developed for calculating cyclic temperature-time profiles for underground power cables with any cyclic load. A fully distributed model allows for temperature variation with radial distance and time in each cable region. A lumped parameter model sets up a thermal circuit and solves for the temperature of each cable region as a function of time. Results from both models are compared with experimental temperature profiles for five cyclic tests for cables in a typical duct bank arrangement. The comparison shows good agreement for cable conductor and jacket temperatures and some error for conduit profiles.