金属自修复添加剂抗摩减磨性能研究综述

对金属摩擦磨损自修复的改进研究进行综述,重点分析了金属摩擦磨损的机理并对自修复添加剂的种类、形貌、粒度以及工况(使用时间、相对滑动速度、压力等)对自修复效果的影响进行了归纳。从自修复优化改进的角度指出自修复技术目前存在的不足以及摩擦磨损自修复研究的发展方向及思路。     

测试评定自修复效果方法的探讨

通过试验,考察了振动测试法、称重法、摩擦因数法和表面分析法对评定自修复添加剂自修复效果的适用性,探讨了这些方法各自的优缺点。结果表明:振动测试、摩擦因数测定法和称重法测试自修复效果是自修复过程微观机制的宏观体现,自修复止推环表面显微观测、EDX能谱分析和XPS能谱分析结果是自修复动态修复的微观体现;振动测试、摩擦因数测定法和称重法更能体现出自修复过程中的动态修复特征,振动测试、摩擦因数测定法测试自修复过程与自修复动态过程同步一致性较好;振动测试较其它测试评价方法具有更大的优越性,是一种应用前景较好的自修复效果测评方法。     

基于增材制造技术的自修复结构设计及修复性能研究

以轻质夹芯板类结构件为主要研究对象,根据结构的断裂破坏形式,开展了结构自修复设计和实现方法的研究。通过增材制造技术完成结构样件的制备,并进一步通过实验测试对比分析了修复后结构力学性能的恢复效果。研究结果表明所设计的夹芯板自修复结构对裂纹具有较好的修复能力,修复后结构的抗压力学性能恢复到原结构的85.6%。     

振动信号在线检测自修复效果的可行性研究

为了在线检测自修复添加剂的自修复效果，探讨了振动特征频率与自修复效果之间的关系。试验证明，振动测量用于在线检测自修复效果是可行的。     

不同纳米添加剂下GCr15/45钢自修复性能研究

利用高精度液压式往复试验机研究了纳米羟基磷酸钙、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氮化钛3种纳米添加剂润滑条件下GCr15/45钢对摩时的摩擦磨损性能,通过扫描电子显微镜和EDX能谱对磨斑进行了微观分析。结果表明:纳米润滑添加剂可以降低摩擦副摩擦因数和材料磨损量,表现出优良的抗磨损性能;3种纳米添加剂具有不同的自修复机制,其中纳米羟基磷酸钙和纳米二氧化钛的修复机制主要为铺展成膜自修复,而纳米氮化钛为铺展成膜自修复和原位摩擦化学自修复并存;纳米氮化钛的自修复效果最佳,纳米二氧化钛的自修复性能最差。     

摩擦磨损自修复润滑油添加剂研究进展

阐述了摩擦磨损自修复润滑油添加剂的研究现状,归纳为软金属自修复添加剂、自补偿修复添加剂和矿物微粉自修复添加剂3类主要的研究内容。对今后的研究方向进行了展望,指出了摩擦磨损自修复添加剂的发展方向及思路。     

SKL 8NVD-36A柴油机应用金属磨损自修复剂的试验研究

通过SKL8NVD-36A船用柴油机的台架试验,研究了金属磨损自修复剂对柴油机动力性、经济性以及缸套-活塞环摩擦副的影响。研究结果表明,金属磨损自修复剂对缸套-活塞环摩擦副具有良好的减磨效果,可自动修复缸套表面。柴油机润滑油中添加金属磨损自修复剂运行60h后,缸套表面形成了无色透明、光滑的覆盖层,缸套表面粗糙度降低,缸套推力面磨损尺寸平均修复了0.06mm,柴油机各气缸的压缩压力提高了50~150kPa,各负荷工况点的燃油消耗率降低了1.8~7.2g/(kW.h)。     

纳米TiO2的磨损自修复特性

为研究纳米TiO2的磨损自修复作用及摩擦条件对修复的影响,将纳米TiO2作为添加剂加入350 SN基础油中,采用HQ-1环决摩擦磨损试验机考察了纳米TiO2对磨损表面的修复作用,在不同载荷、转速、修复时间条件下进行了磨损试验,以质量变化及粗糙度变化来评价添加剂的修复效果.结果表明:纳米TiO2添加剂对磨损表面具有良好的修复作用,修复后表面粗糙度降低了10.26%;其自修复性能受载荷、速度、摩擦时间的影响.     

摩擦磨损自修复原理及纳米自修复添加剂研究进展

摩擦磨损导致能源浪费和零部件失效,纳米自修复添加剂能够降低摩擦磨损,延长机械的使用寿命,还可在不拆卸的情况下对机械零件表面进行在线修复,实现终身免大修,给传统的维修带来了全新的理念。探讨了摩擦磨损自修复的原理,指出摩擦磨损自修复的原理主要有摩擦自修复、原位摩擦自修复和摩擦自适应修复等。概述了几种纳米自修复添加剂的研究应用现状,包括纳米金属粉末、纳米金属氧化物、纳米硫化物、纳米硼系和稀土类化合物及其它新型纳米材料。     

SiO2/MgO复合纳米添加剂的摩擦学和磨损修复性能研究

用化学方法制得粒径约为40nm的SiO2／MgO复合纳米粒子。用四球机和环-块试验机分别考察了其在矿物油中的抗磨减摩和自修复性能；用SEM和XPS分析了磨斑表面的形貌和元素组成，并探讨其润滑和自修复作用机理。研究表明：SiO2／MgO复合纳米添加剂具有优良的减摩、抗磨和自修复性能；在接触区的高温高压下SiO2／MgO复合纳米粒子在摩擦表面熔融、铺展和沉积，形成低剪切强度的表面膜，既提高了抗磨减摩性能，又表现出良好的自修复效果。     

几种超细粒子在半流体脂中的摩擦行为

对一些软金属粉和常用的固体润滑剂石墨粉以及气相SiO2在半流体脂中的分散稳定性和摩擦行为进行了考察。摩擦试验研究了它们的抗磨性（四球机长期磨损）、承载能力（PB值）、摩擦系数，同时通过台架试验，发现它们均具有良好的润滑特性和分散稳定性。     

A novel method of using continuous tribo-electrification variations for monitoring the tribological properties between pure metal films

The traditional method of using the continuous variation of the friction coefficient with sliding distance to monitor the tribological properties between the contacts of soft metal films is generally low in sensitivity. This paper proposed the novel method of using instead the continuous variation of tribo-electrification voltage. This method was investigated experimentally for the dry friction sliding of iron on copper coated with a thin film of tin and was shown to be much superior to the traditional method in terms of sensitivity and ease of implementation. Moreover, it was observed that the continuous variations of the friction coefficient with sliding distance was very unstable but remained positive, making it indiscriminative for monitoring the tribological properties between the hard metal films. The continuous variations of the tribo-electrification voltage, on the other hand, showed either positive or negative polarity depending on the metal pairs, which allowed the identification of the surface where friction had occurred as well as the sliding surface. Finally, two continuous models to represent the tribo-electrification mechanisms for iron sliding against copper coated with a thin film of tin or nickel at different normal loads were proposed.     

The influence of the metal working fluids on machine tool failures

The coolant system for metal working is a typical example of a tribomechanical system, where several wear mechanisms are present simultaneously. The metal particles in the coolant system have the appearance of tiny chips, grains, coils of fine wire and so on. Particulate composition varies significantly depending on the cutting process and operating conditions, as well as coolant characteristics and coolant systems. During the cutting process, the metal working fluid is also exposed to changes due to: chemical reactions between its substances; tool surfaces and workpieces; the presence of particles and high temperatures on contact surfaces.The aim of the present work is to study the tribological processes, wear and failures on tribomechanical system elements of machine tools by exposing them to fluid for metal working with particles. The experimental investigations of effect of metal working fluids on tribological processes of tribomechanical system elements have been carried out at a metal working factory. The investigations were carried out on 30 lathes in four periods of time. The obtained results have proved that water based metal working fluids have quite a great influence on tribological processes, wear and failures of tribomechanical system elements of machine tools.     

Tribology of Unfilled and Filled Polymeric Surfaces in Refrigerant Environment for Compressor Applications

The current study examines the tribological performance of polymer/metal contacts in the presence of refrigerant versus ambient air under conditions simulating refrigeration compressors. Ten different polymers were employed as potential compressor bearing materials; four unfilled polymers and six blended polymers. All polymers were tested against cast iron samples of RMS roughness 0.3--0.5 μm and representative testing was performed against aluminum alloy disks. Experiments conducted in R-134A refrigerant exhibited slightly favorable friction and wear characteristics compared to experiments conducted in ambient air. Moreover, all blended polymers have superior tribological characteristics to unfilled polymers and metals. PEEK and polyimide in both unfilled and blended forms exhibit minimal wear and do not adversely affect the metal disks. This study also shows that although coherent, uniform films were not produced under compressor-like conditions, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the tested polymers still have favorable tribological properties and are good candidates for tribological contacts in refrigeration compressors.     

Tribological behavior of PEEK-based materials under mixed and boundary lubrication conditions

In modern industries, more and more mechanical components are exposed to mixed and even boundary lubrication conditions, inducing fast wear and even scuffing of the motion systems. In order to enhance the lifetime and reliability of the motion systems, replacing metal–metal friction pairs by metal–polymer ones can be one of the most effective approaches. The present work focuses on tribological behavior of pure polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and a formulated PEEK composite lubricated with diesel and engine oil. It was demonstrated that in mixed and boundary lubrication regimes the structure of PEEK materials affect significantly the tribological performance. Formation of a tribofilm on the surface of metallic counterbody plays an important role on the tribological behavior of the PEEK-based materials.     

表面处理复合涂层的摩擦学评价方法

从涂层的摩擦学评价的重要参数、涂层与基体间的粘合力、涂层力学性能、涂层的摩擦学特性以及涂层零件的摩擦学特性等方面介绍了金属切削刀具和模具等工件的复合涂层的摩擦学涂层的评价方法,指出了在轻合金涂层材料、低摩擦因数的涂层、涂层韧性的改进、涂层磨损试验方法、涂层设计和评价的工具等方面需要进一步研究。     

深过冷Ni-Pb-Cu固体自润滑材料摩擦行为研究

采用深过冷快速凝固方法制备了均质N i-Pb-Cu偏晶合金,用扫描电镜对其组织进行了观察,在摩擦试验机上对其试样进行了摩擦性能测试,并分析了其摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:制备的N i-Pb-Cu偏晶合金其凝固组织为硬基体上均匀地分布着软质点;N i-Pb-Cu合金的摩擦学特性随过冷度的提高而呈上升趋势,从而在理论上证实采用深过冷技术制备难混熔偏晶合金固体自润滑材料是可行的;N i-Pb-Cu偏晶合金与45#钢的磨损为磨屑磨损、粘着磨损。     

纳米金属粉在润滑中的应用

介绍了纳米金属粉的特性、制备以及其在润滑油中的分散、稳定悬浮等几个方面的内容，分析了纳米金属粉作添加剂的摩擦学性能，并指出了纳米金属粉作为润滑油添加剂在摩擦学中的研究进展和发展趋势。     

The binding of antiwear additives to iron surfaces: quantum chemical calculations and tribological tests

The molecular orbital parameters of lubrication additives and iron atom cluster were calculated by use of a quantum chemical method. The interaction pattern between the additive and metal atom cluster was discussed base on the approximate rule of orbital energy. By comparing some parameters that characterize the action strength between additive and metal, the correlations between the additive molecular structures and additive action abilities with metal are elementally obtained, which may be used as the basis for forecasting the tribological performances of additives. The prediction results obtained by quantum chemical calculations are in good accordance with the results of tribological tests. The molecular orbital parameters exhibit advantages for studying the quantitative structure–activity and structure–property relationships of lubrication additives.     

Tribological performances of Zn-based coating in direct hot stamping

In hot stamping of High Strength Steels, the severe tribological conditions make the metal sheet coating one of the most critical choices for the technical and economical success of the process. This paper presents the approach and the results in evaluating a Zinc-based coating applied to boron steel sheets in hot stamping operations. Thermal and physical-simulation experiments were carried out to evaluate the chemical interactions between the coating and the metal sheet and the tribological performances during the process. The coating proved to overcome most of the drawbacks of the currently utilized Al–Si coating.