宽带卫星通信系统RSM-A空中接口设计(四)

作为卫星通信的重要发展方向,宽带卫星通信日益受到人们的重视,2004年起,欧洲标准化组织ETSI相继出台了一系列宽带卫星通信的标准,为宽带卫星通信系统的设计提供指导与参考。其中基于星上再生处理的网状卫星系统（Regenerative Satellite Mesh RSM-A）采用星上再生式处理转发技术,可实现网内用户终端之间的单跳通信,目前已在休斯公司研制的宽带卫星通信系统Spaceway3上成功应用。     

宽带多媒体卫星通信系统的带宽管理框架

＂宽带多媒体卫星通信（BSM）系统是以传输高速宽带多媒体业务为典型特征一种新型卫星通信系统,目前该类系统主要基于多频时分多址接入（MF-TDMA）体制和Ka频段,采用星上处理与交换技术,主要特色一是能够无缝承载地面网络中的各种多媒体业务（流媒体、视频、音频、Web、     

宽带多媒体卫星通信系统中的多址接入技术（下）

由于篇幅关系,“宽带多媒体卫星通信系统中的多址接入技术”分为上下两个篇次。上篇主要是明确多址接入体制在宽带多媒体卫星通信系统中的地位和作用,在简述基本多址接入方式的基础上,对几种多址方式应用在宽带多媒体卫星通信系统中的可行性进行简要分析和比较。本篇主要对当前宽带多媒体卫星通信主流技术体制-MF—TDMA进行详述,并对在将来宽带多媒体卫星通信系统中十分具有应用前景的对称载波多址接入（PCMA）技术进行介绍。     

宽带多媒体 卫星通信系统中的多址接入技术（上）

由于篇幅关系,“宽带多媒体卫星通信系统中的多址接入技术”分为上下两个篇次。本篇主要是明确多址接入体制在宽带多媒体卫星通信系统中的地位和作用,在简述基本多址接入方式的基础上,对几种多址方式应用在宽带多媒体卫星通信系统中的可行性进行简要分析和比较。下篇主要对当前宽带多媒体卫星通信主流技术体制-MF—TDMA进行详述,并对在将来宽带多媒体卫星通信系统中十分具有应用前景的对称载波多址接入（PCMA）技术进行介绍。     

支持SB-S服务的民用航空卫星通信系统设计

首先介绍了航空宽带安全（SwiftBroadband Safety,SB-S）的服务类型和整体架构,其次提供了一套民用航空卫星通信系统（Satellite Communications,SATCOM）设计参考流程。重点阐述了基于ARINC 781标准的卫星通信系统总体设计方案,包括系统架构、卫星通信功能、基本系统控制、系统维护、机载安装需求以及流程和标准需求。最后在总体设计的基础上,探讨了卫星通信设备及软硬件设计,为SB-S卫星通信系统的设计提供了一套完整的解决方案和实现方法。     

宽带卫星通信系统RSM-A空中接口设计(五)

作为卫星通信的重要发展方向,宽带卫星通信日益受到人们的重视,2004年起,欧洲标准化组织ETSI相继出台了一系列宽带卫星通信的标准,为宽带卫星通信系统的设计提供指导与参考。其中基于星上再生处理的网状卫星系统（Regenerative Satellite Mesh RSM-A）采用星上再生式处理转发技术,可实现网内用户终端之间的单跳通信,目前已在休斯公司研制的宽带卫星通信系统Spaceway3上成功应用。该卫星于2007年8月发射升空,是世界上首个采用星上交换和路由的Ka波段商业宽带卫星,采用了相控阵天线和多跳变点波束等许多先进技术。在其成功发射八个月之后,休斯公司自2008年4月起向北美提供基于Spaceway3的商业服务。     

宽带卫星通信系统技术发展及应用前景

一、宽带热──虚火,还是务实？ 宽带卫星通信是整个宽带通信系统的一部分,因此,应先看看当前宽带通信的情况如何。 近几年来,“宽带”成为通信领域的头号热点。宽带传输、宽带交换、宽带无线、宽带接入、宽带卫星……都向宽带靠拢,不讲宽带就不时髦,就没有吸引力。有几本知名杂志也改了名,如美国的《Satellite Communications》（卫星通信）改为《Satellite Broadband》（卫星宽带）;原《世界有线电视信息》改名为《世界宽带网络》。 而今年以来,各种媒体对宽带通信的报道不能说是“铺天盖地”,也差不多是“连篇累牍”。然而,…     

宽带多媒体卫星通信系统中的“动中通”技术

随着宽带多媒体卫星通信技术的发展．解决大型移动载体（飞机、轮船和火车）宽带接入的需求越来越迫切．其挑战在于传统的原有宽带多媒体卫星通信终端是固定的,采用MF—TDMA体制．而大型移动载体接入卫星信道时,其信道动态性更强．因此需在MF-TDMA基础上增加扩频技术．另外．终端在移动情况下时间同步．资源分配、移动性管理等方面也存在挑战。本文对宽带多媒体卫星通信系统中应用“动中通”技术所存在的问题及解决途径进行探讨．并对当前代表性的研究项目（欧洲MOWGLY项目和韩国Mobisat项目）进行了介绍。     

宽带卫星通信中的DVB-S2

新的数字视频卫星传播标准（DVB-S2），应用到宽带卫星通信中，将极大地提升系统容量，提供更多的宽带交互式业务。本文分析了DVB-S2中ACM（自适应编码调制）的工作机制，并指出了DVB-S2具有良好的后向兼容性。     

在我国开通BGAN业务

中国交通通信中心在北京宣布开通新BGAN（Broadband GIobal Area Network，宽带全球局域网）业务。BGAN是国际移动卫星组织（Inmarsat）提供的新代全球性移动卫星通信系统。它具有移动宽带化特性，可提供各种基于IP的宽带服务，速率最高可达492kbit／s。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.