预合成镁铝尖晶石对镁质浇注料性能的影响

主要研究了加入预合成镁铝尖晶石对SiO2微粉结合镁质浇注料性能的影响。结果表明，加入预合成镁铝尖晶石能有效地提高镁质浇注料的烧结性能和强度。随着预合成镁铝尖晶石加入量的增加，镁质浇注料的烧结性能和强度呈有规律的变化，且最佳加入量为12％。最后，对加入预合成镁铝尖晶石的机理进行了探讨。     

不同添加剂对镁质浇注料性能的影响

以电熔镁砂和高纯镁砂为主要原料制备了镁质浇注料,研究了不同添加剂对镁质浇注料性能的影响。研究结果表明,5种添加剂中,加入氧化铝微粉的镁质浇注料经1 100℃和1 500℃烧后的体积密度最大,浇注料基质中形成的方镁石/镁铝尖晶石复相结构有利于提高试样的抗热震性。加入氧化铬、铝铬渣和焦宝石的镁质浇注料,其抗热震性均高于未加入添加剂的镁质浇注料的该项性能。     

冲击板用镁质浇注料的组成对其性能的影响

以高纯镁砂、电熔镁砂、α-Al2O3微粉、亚白刚玉粉、镁铝尖晶石粉及SiO2微粉为原料,制备了冲击板用镁质浇注料。研究了添加MA尖晶石(质量分数分别为0、5%、8%、12%)及α-Al2O3微粉与亚白刚玉粉混合物(质量分数分别为5%、10%、15%、20%)对浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:(1)MA尖晶石添加量为8%时,经1550℃3h和1100℃3h烧后试样的抗折强度都比较高,两者强度比接近1,可判断材料的抗剥落性和抗热震性较好;固定MA尖晶石添加量为6%,α-Al2O3微粉与亚白刚玉粉混合物加入量在5%～10%范围内,试样高、中温烧后强度比更趋近1,具有更好的抗剥落性和抗热震性。(2)SEM分析显示了方镁石与MA尖晶石颗粒多呈直接结合,这有利于提高材料的高温强度。(3)添加的MA尖晶石作为晶核,能促进α-Al2O3微粉和亚白刚玉粉与MgO反应形成原位尖晶石,同时促进烧结和部分抑制MA尖晶石生成时过度的体积膨胀。     

废镁铬砖细粉的加入对镁质浇注料烧结性的影响

将水泥回转窑烧成带废镁铬砖经处理后制成细粉料,用它代替镁质浇注料中的镁砂原料,研究了废镁铬砖细粉的加入对SiO2微粉结合镁质浇注料烧结性的影响.结果表明:加入适量的废镁铬砖细粉对于提高镁质浇注料的烧结程度和强度均有作用 ,但加入量不能太多.本实验条件下加入量为8%时,其烧结性能良好.对高温烧后试样的SEM及XRD分析可知,由于废镁铬砖细粉的加入而生成的尖晶石固溶体是促进镁质浇注料烧结、增加其结构致密性的原因.     

铝镁尖晶石对镁质浇注料性能的影响

针对镁质浇注料在使用过程中抗渣渗透能力差,易剥落等问题,本实验加入铝镁尖晶石对镁质浇注料进行改性研究.实验分为两部分:先将镁砂细粉、镁质添加剂和铝镁尖晶石细粉等机压成型,进行高温热处理,研究其物相组成和显微结构;然后以电熔镁砂为骨料,电熔镁砂细粉、氧化铝微粉、铝镁尖晶石细粉和镁质添加剂为基质,按骨料:细粉=75∶25进行配制,研究铝镁尖晶石加入量对镁质浇注料性能的影响.结果表明:在镁质材料中引入尖晶石,能促进结构致密化;加入9％的铝镁尖晶石的浇注料试样显气孔率低,线变化率小,体积密度大,强度大,抗渣性能最好,由于镁铝尖晶石生成时体积膨胀,使得材料结构致密化;同时能有效吸收渣中CaO及FeOx等成分,减少渣的渗透作用,从而提高了浇注料的抗渣性能.     

高性能镁尖晶石质浇注料的研制

以不同粒度的电熔镁砂(≤8、≤0.088 mm)和铝镁尖晶石细粉(≤0.088 mm)为主要原料,经振动成型制备了一系列镁尖晶石质浇注料试样,探讨了镁质结合剂和活性氧化铝微粉加入量(w)分别为1%、2%、3%、4%和5%时对浇注料试样分别经110、1 000和1 600℃热处理后物理性能的影响,并将优选的合适配方试样与RH炉用烧成镁尖晶石砖进行了常规物理性能、抗热震性能和抗渣性能比较。结果表明:当镁质结合剂加入量(w)由1%增至2%时,试样经不同温度处理后的强度显著增加;但当其加入量超过2%(w)后,试样经不同温度处理后的强度尤其是在1 450℃的高温抗折强度逐渐向相反的方向变化;当活性氧化铝微粉加入量(w)由1%增至3%,试样经110℃热处理后的强度下降较快,但经1 000和1 600℃热处理后的强度和线膨胀率及高温抗折强度却呈现增加的趋势;当加入量超过3%(w)后,试样的高温抗折强度开始下降。研制的镁尖晶石质浇注料经1 600℃处理后具有较高的致密度及骨料和基质间存在微细裂纹的特征,与烧成镁尖晶石砖相比,具有较好的抗热震性能、抗渣性能和较低的高温强度。     

Al2O3-MA-SiC-C质浇注料的抗渣性能

以电熔白刚玉、镁铝尖晶石、SiC细粉、活性α-Al2O3微粉、球状沥青、Si粉、ρ-Al2O3、氧化硅微粉和铝酸钙水泥为原料制备了Al2O3-MA-SiC-C质浇注料。振动浇注成型后采用静态坩埚法测定了浇注料抗渣侵蚀性,利用X射线衍射、电子探针仪和能谱等手段分析了1500℃埋炭处理3h后试样的物相、显微结构和微区成分,以研究结合剂种类(ρ-Al2O3 氧化硅微粉和铝酸钙水泥 氧化硅微粉)、尖晶石和SiC的加入量对浇注料抗渣性能的影响。结果表明:采用ρ-Al2O3 氧化硅微粉结合的浇注料的抗渣性能明显高于采用铝酸钙水泥 氧化硅微粉结合的,这主要与其在高温下形成的物相有关;随着镁铝尖晶石加入量的增多,浇注料的抗渣性能总体上呈升高趋势;随着SiC加入量的增多,浇注料的抗渣性能显著提高,当SiC加入量(质量分数,下同)为25%时,浇注料的抗渣性能最好;加入过多的镁铝尖晶石和SiC对浇注料的抗渣性能不利,这主要同高温下材料中MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系低熔物的形成有关。     

高铁水兑入比电炉炉盖用镁铝尖晶石浇注料的研制

以粒度≤8 mm特级高铝矾土颗粒和烧结镁砂为骨料,SiO2微粉、α-Al2O3微粉、铝酸钙水泥作结合剂,分别制得镁铝尖晶石质浇注料和铝酸钙水泥结合高铝质浇注料。对试样分别进行烘干、1 350℃3 h和1 500℃3 h热处理并检测其体积密度、抗折强度、耐压强度、加热永久线变化、抗热震性和抗渣性。结果表明:与铝酸钙水泥结合高铝质浇注料相比,镁铝尖晶石质浇注料具有较高的烘干耐压强度,优良的抗渣性,但抗热震性较差。因此,在高铁水兑入比的电炉中,镁铝尖晶石质电炉盖表现出了更长的使用寿命。     

α-Al2O3微粉对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

以优质白刚玉、高纯富铝尖晶石和α-Al2O3微粉(d50为4.596μm和2.148μm)为主要原料制备了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料,研究了α-Al2O3微粉加入量(质量分数分别为8%、12%和16%)对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:1)随α-Al2O3微粉加入量增加,浇注料基质的流动性能提高;α-Al2O3微粉粒度较细时基质的流动性较好,而α-Al2O3微粉较粗时基质的流动性变差。2)增加α-Al2O3微粉加入量,刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的密度增加,强度明显提高,抗渣侵蚀性和抗渣渗透性明显改善,但α-Al2O3微粉加入过多时其抗热震性变差。α-Al2O3微粉的合适加入量为12%。3)与钢包渣相比,LF渣对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的侵蚀性较大。4)采用优质电熔白刚玉、电熔尖晶石和α-Al2O3微粉,能够生产出性能优良的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料。     

尖晶石加入量对铬刚玉浇注料性能的影响

研究了尖晶石加入量对铬刚玉浇注料的烧结性能、抗折强度、抗热震性以及抗渣渗透和侵蚀能力的影响。尖晶石的加入使铬刚玉浇注料线变化率增大 ,显气孔率升高 ,常温强度略有降低。加入 2a %～ 3a %的尖晶石能明显改善铬刚玉浇注料的抗热震性。加入尖晶石后 ,铬刚玉浇注料的抗高钙、高铁渣的渗透、侵蚀能力有所下降     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997