Supply chain management program first- and second-order effects model: a new strategic tool

Utilisation of supply chain management (SCM) strategies have an implicit objective of gaining an advantage over one’s business arena partners, whether they be competition or supply chain partners; an SCM-derived competitive advantage. A literature review accentuated four bases of strategic competition (cost-based, resource-based, time-based and knowledge-based), upon which, such an SCM-derived competitive advantage might be built. A Monash University qualitative research study found that the majority of small- to medium-sized firms have found this to be a risky and unprofitable endeavour. In response, this paper explores the four bases of strategic competition through an exemplary success case found within the Australian textiles, clothing and footwear (TCF) industry. The research raised a proposition stated as “effective supply chain management increases shareholder value (SHV).” An effective SCM program influences key success drivers (e.g. expenses, asset utilisation and process cycle time) available to it in a manner that maximises the firm’s competitive position, given its chosen strategy. This paper presents a first- to second-order SCM effects matrix model as a small step towards the mainstream achievement of current world-wide best SCM practice. The matrix can be utilised by individuals planning supply chain change processes or teams evaluating potential change initiatives within their supply chain operations. The substructure of the matrix is examination by isolating just the time-based strategic key success drivers, as found in the literature. The matrix’s utilisation methodology is detailed to enable its application by practitioners.     

Manufacturing supply chain design and evaluation

Successful supply chain management calls for robust supply chain design and evaluation tools. Many published papers focused on high level strategic aspects of supply chain design and the results are usually generic guidelines for business executives rather than specific tools for plant managers. In this paper, we present a decision-based methodology for supply chain design that a plant manager can use to select suppliers. The methodology utilizes the techniques of analytic hierarchy process and preemptive goal programming. Supply chain operations reference model level I performance metrics are incorporated into the methodology as the decision criteria. In addition, a set of performance metrics is developed to evaluate the overall supply chain effectiveness, which allows direct comparison of different supply chain designs.     

The future trend on system-wide modelling in supply chain studies

Although supply chain (SC) has gained increasing attention in the last decade and numerous SC problems have been identified and solved, there is a lack of systematic approach to solve SC problems at a system level. SC can be viewed as a network of organisations including, but not restricted to, the suppliers (source of raw materials), manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and end customers. Each entity is able to process different tasks individually in order to satisfy the global goal of the network, which is usually the total cost or lead time of a set of products. If only inter-entity problems are solved, like inventory level, production planning, etc., the performance of the whole system is not guaranteed to be acceptable. The main objective of this paper is to review contemporary SC problems and the methodologies in solving them, and to suggest future research direction for solving supply chains problems. From the analysis of the review, it can be concluded that there is limited research to solve SC problems from a system point of view. In this connection, future direction in solving system-wide SC, and the potential difficulties, are discussed. This allows readers to gain insights in the future research direction in the area of supply chain management.     

多目标的供应链集成优化及数值仿真

针对供应链设计中的供应链优化这个关键问题,建立了一个多目标的供应链集成优化模型。该模型将供应链三个层次的优化内容集成在一起进行优化,采用成本、柔性、客户服务水平以及向用户承诺的产品交付时间四个度量指标。针对多目标优化模型,提出了一种改进的多群体遗传算法。最后,利用一个具体实例进行了数值仿真。     

基于产品可靠性和时效性的闭环供应链系统策略研究

通过分析闭环供应链系统的产品内在逻辑关联特征,从产品可靠性和时效性两方面揭示了老产品及其零部件的再利用与再制造对新产品质量的影响,并构建了闭环供应链系统中产品质量的系统演变模型。在此基础上,引入不同的闭环供应链策略,深入分析再制造策略对最终产品质量的影响。为产品质量分析提供了新的方法,也为闭环供应链系统的策略分析与管理提供了定量分析依据。     

供应链协调机制研究现状及发展趋势

供应链是基于“竞争—合作—协调”机制的,协调是供应链稳定运行的基础。本文主要通过供应链成员间的信息共享和供应链契约两方面分析了供应链协调问题的研究现状,并提出了供应链协调研究的发展趋势。     

An integrated approach to the design and management of a supply chain system

In the modern competitive business environment, the design and management of supply chains is one of the most important and critical problems facing managers of multinational companies operating worldwide. There are three levels of decisions in a supply chain: strategic, tactical, and operational levels. The literature generally treats these decisions separately. This study defines a conceptual framework for the development of new modeling approaches for the Production Distribution Logistic System Design (PDSD) problem. In particular, the authors introduce the initial basis for the development of an innovative decision support systems platform capable of integrating the design, management, control, and optimization activities for a supply chain system.     

Simulation study using system dynamics for a CONWIP-controlled lamp supply chain

Production inventory control is one of the most important elements of manufacturing logistics. CONstant Work In Process (CONWIP), which is a hybrid of push and pull type systems, offers an effective approach to supply chain (SC) management. The study of CONWIP is very often conducted with detailed modeling and mathematical analysis, and is not appropriate for supporting decisions from a managerial or macro perspective. In this paper, the authors present an alternative analysis of CONWIP at an aggregate level, which is appropriate to the decision-making about the SC. The model is simulated using system dynamics (SD). The implementation of this model is described using an example from the lamp manufacturing industry in mainland China. The method and its results are illustrated with a lamp manufacturing SC, which indicates that SD can be used to analyze and understand the CONWIP approach to achieve higher productivity and better performance. Moreover, SD is more suitable for simulation analyses of the SC system.     

Simulating the performance of supply chain with various alliances

Many models of supply chain management (SCM) have been popularly developed in recent years. However, this study focuses on the supply chain (SC) performance with respect to various alliances among partners. First, this study explores the game theory for formulating the SCM problem as a multi-objective programming problem. Second, various alliances, e.g., union, extreme competition, and Stackelberg competition among partners will be considered in such a problem so as to compare the SC performance under different alliances. Third, a numerical example is illustrated by two material supplier partners, three manufacturing partners, two logistics partners, and three customers, where each partner in the SC has its own objective and constraints. This SC problem is resolved across three different time periods. Finally, study results show that the maximum global benefits can be obtained only when all partners form a single union, but the inefficient partners lose significantly in such a union. The minimal global benefits exist in the extreme competition.     

Supply chain workflow modelling using XML-formatted modular petri nets

This paper presents a modelling methodology of a workflow system of operations in a supply chain (SC) aimed to improve, from the traditional method, the consistency and integrity of the workflow data being exchanged amongst business partners. In this research, an XML-supported modular petri net-based modelling technique is adopted for the representation of the local and global workflow of "practitioners" in a SC. After constructing a petri net, the model of workflow systems can be constructed, understood and analysed more easily. A modular compositional modelling method is adopted to fulfill the particular functional requirements of a collaborative modelling of dispersed business partners in an up-to-date globalised SC environment. Finally, the use of a widely adopted XML schema for data representation and standard interface and interconnection mechanisms development in a workflow model can further improve the model's overall flexibility and integrity.     

基于采购条件限制的供应链库存水平分析

库存是影响供应链系统成本性能的主要因素之一,有效地减少库存可以降低整个供应链系统的成本水平,因此库存管理是优化供应链运作、提高竞争优势的重要手段。针对库存管理中的(s,S)策略,建立了库存水平变化的模型,分别分析了无采购条件限制和有采购条件限制下的库存水平的变化,并分别给出了其期望值和方差。     

Integrated supply chain design using multi-criteria optimization

Supply chain management (SCM) presents significant opportunities for improving profit margins and reducing cost. It encompasses functional and geographical integration as well as integration of tactical and operational decisions. The functional integration aspects involve purchasing, manufacturing, and logistics within the company and across the supply chain. A supply chain design framework has been developed including linear/mixed integer multi-criteria optimization models for determining the identified supply chain design parameters. The selection of suppliers, determination of production quantities, inventory locations and sizes, selection of transportation method and transported quantities in a multi-stage, multi-level supply chain are investigated. Additional criteria including first-time quality (FTQ) and suppliers on-time delivery risk with and without allowing splitting of customer demand between suppliers are considered. An example of typical automotive power train supply chain design and decision issues is used to illustrate the effect of various factors.     

A network approach for modeling and design of agile supply chains using a flexibility construct

Agility can be viewed as a need to encourage the enterprise-wide integration of flexible and core competent resources so as to offer value-added product and services in a volatile competitive environment. Since flexibility is considered a property that provides change capabilities of different enterprise-wide resources and processes in time and cost dimensions, supply chain flexibility can be considered a composite state to enterprise-wide resources to meet agility needs. Enterprise modeling frameworks depicting these composite flexibility states are difficult to model because of the complex and tacit interrelationship among system parameters and also because agility thrives on many business objectives. In view of this, the modeling framework presented in this paper is based on analytical network process (ANP) since this methodology can accommodate the complex and tacit interrelationship among factors affecting enterprise agility. The modeling framework forms a three-level network with the goal of attaining agility from the perspective of market, product, and customer as the actors. The goal depends on substrategies that address the characteristics of the three actors. Each of these substrategies further depends on manufacturing, logistic, sourcing, and information technology (IT) flexibility elements of the enterprise supply chain (SC). The research highlights that, under different environmental conditions, enterprises require synergy among appropriate supply chain flexibilities for practising agility. In the present research, the ANP modeling software tool Super Decisions™ has been used for relative prioritization of the supply chain flexibilities. We demonstrate through sensitivity analysis that dynamic conditions do require adjustments in the enterprise-wide flexibility spectrum.

The impacts of component commonality on integrated supply chain network performance: a state and resource-based simulation study

This paper is geared toward developing an integrated modeling framework and simulation models for understanding decision-making issues of the supply chain network configuration in an integrated environment. To achieve this objective, first, this paper presents an integrated modeling framework for multistage supply chains, in which the interdependencies between model components are captured. Second, the state and resource-based simulation concepts are used to model the supply chain network configurations. The employment of state and resource-based simulation techniques facilitates the implementation procedure, since they are strong in modeling dynamic supply chain networks with highly interdependent components subject to activity start-up conditions. To investigate the impacts of component commonality on integrated supply chain network performance effectively, a new analytical measure of component commonality that consists of a component-level commonality index and a product-level commonality index is defined. The results of analysis-of-variance and Tukey’s tests reveal that there is a significant difference in performance measures, such as delivery time and order fill rates, when comparing an integrated supply chain with higher component commonality to an integrated supply chain with lower component commonality.     

供应链管理思想下的采购管理

文章介绍了在供应链管理思想下的采购管理,是在建立新的供求模式和相互合作关系的条件下,通过面向过程的采购管理,达到采购过程总成本和总效率的最优匹配,提高效率,降低交易费用;利用信息网络,实现采购内部业务信息化和外部运作信息化,同供应商建立长期合作、持续发展的战略伙伴关系,实现关联企业的“双赢”或“多赢”。     

基于第三方物流的仓储成本控制研究

目前,第三方物流由于市场需求和其自身优势,已经成为物流市场上发展势态良好的物流运作形态.仓储是第三方物流的中心环节.仓储成本的降低可以给整个供应链带来利益的提升和双赢的优势.因此,如何最大限度地降低仓储成本是目前物流业所面临的棘手问题.从供应链管理的角度出发,分析了第三方物流在以第三方物流为主导的物流服务供应链中的战略地位,并提出了惠及整条供应链的仓储成本控制的措施.     

基于可拓学的汽车产业供应链优化方法分析

针对汽车产业供应链管理中的不确定性,提出了基于可拓学理论进行汽车产业供应链优化研究的新方法,有效地解决汽车产业供应链管理中柔性与成本之间的矛盾,为汽车产业供应链的优化管理提供一种新的思想方法。首先建立供应链总成本与柔性之间矛盾问题的可拓模型,并在此基础上分析柔性条件下的供应链资源可拓方法,最后以某汽车企业为例进行应用研究,为汽车产业的供应链管理提供一种新的科学方法。     

基于GSPN的建材装备企业供应链建模与分析

企业的竞争很大程度上是供应链的竞争,拥有合理供应链的企业能够更好地在全球化的市场条件下赢得先机.建立了基于GSPN的建材装备企业供应链模型,分析其性能,为供应链结构优化提供有益探索.     

A supply chain distribution network design model: An interactive fuzzy goal programming-based solution approach

A supply chain (SC) distribution network design model is developed in this paper. The goal of the model is to select the optimum numbers, locations and capacity levels of plants and warehouses to deliver products to retailers at the least cost while satisfying desired service level to retailers. A maximal covering approach is used in statement of the service level. The model distinguishes itself from other models in this field in the modeling approach used. Because of somewhat imprecise nature of retailers’ demands and decision makers’ (DM) aspiration levels for the goals, a fuzzy modeling approach is used. Additionally, a novel and generic interactive fuzzy goal programming (IFGP)-based solution approach is proposed to determine the preferred compromise solution. To explore the viability of the proposed model and the solution approach, computational experiments are performed on realistic scale case problems.     

Hybrid approach to distribution planning reflecting a stochastic supply chain

Today’s business environment is experiencing as a period of expansion and the globalization. Therefore, a distribution plan with low cost and high customer satisfaction in supply chain management (SCM) has been widely investigated. The purpose of this study is to establish optimal distribution planning in the supply chain. In this paper, a hybrid approach involving a genetic algorithm (GA) and simulation is presented to solve this problem. The GA is employed in order to quickly generate feasible distribution sequences. Considering uncertain factors such as queuing, breakdowns and repairing time in the supply chain, the simulation is used to minimize completion time for the distribution plan. The computational results for an example of a simple supply chain are given and discussed to validate the proposed approach. We obtained a more realistic distribution plan with optimal completion time by performing the iterative hybrid GA simulation procedure which reflects the stochastic nature of supply chains.