新一代视频编码标准H．26L及其特性分析

H.26L标准是ITU-T视频编码专家组(VCEG)和ISO/IE MPEG委员会正在制定的用于视频通信的新一代视频编码标准,其设计目的是对多种图象信源实现低比特率、实时和低延迟的视频编码.H.26L采用简单有效的块处理的实现途径,获得的编码效率大大优于现有标准.在继承现有视频标准分块变换、运动估计/补偿、量化和熵编码等成熟技术的基础上,H.26L采用了多种新技术,保证了编码的有效性.在介绍H.26L标准的基础上,对运动补偿中不同的块大小的组合方式、不同的亚像元补偿精度以及两种熵编码方法进行了实验分析.实验结果表明,综合考虑压缩比、PSNR和编、解码器复杂度,对于通常视频内容,选择8×8及更大的分块模式、1/4像素运动补偿精度和通用变长编码,能够获得最经济的压缩效果.     

基于分块模式和双模式叠加的时域错误隐藏

为了减小视频传输中错误的影响,提高解码端重建视频质量,根据H.264/AVC标准的特点,提出了一种基于宏块分块模式预测和双模式叠加的时域错误隐藏方法.方法先对受损宏块进行宏块级运动补偿和残差修复,得到宏块级隐藏结果;然后利用受损宏块邻块分块模式和边缘特点预测受损宏块分块模式,分模式进行子块运动矢量估计和补偿;最后将宏块...     

几种快速运动搜索算法在H.264中的实现及分析

运动搜索是基于块的运动补偿的视频编码的核心技术。介绍了视频编码中几种快速运动搜索算法，并结合H.264的多参考帧预测、多种宏块类型划分和片结构的特点，对各算法进行了仿真实验并给出了各算法在H.264编码标准中的测试结果。     

H.264/AVC帧间多种块模式的编码性能分析与研究

H.264/AVC是最新的国际视频标准,与其它视频编码标准相比,其在编码效率方面有强大的优势:在相同的重建图像质量下,H.264/AVC比MPEG-2H.263++和MPEG-4的第2部分分别节约64.46%、、48.80%和38.62%的码率。但H.264/AVC中编码效率的提高是以增加巨大的运算量为前提的。该文在介绍H.264/AVC中的宏块分块模式、运动估计及模式选择算法的基础上,重点对各种帧间块模式下的运动估计及4×4亮度变换与量化操作进行了分析,然后对各种帧间块模式的组合进行了实验研究,实验结果表明,当帧间只用块模式1～4时,在相同的比特率下客观图像质量亮度分量的PSNR比帧间使用全部块模式时平均降低0.13dB,而编码的时间平均能减少40%左右。     

基于H.264的立体视频编码方法

H.264是一种高效的视频编码压缩标准,它集中了以往标准的优点。基于H.264的高效编码压缩技术,文章研究了块基立体视频编码方法,并对基于H.264和基于H.263+的立体视频编码方案进行了编码效率的实验比较。实验结果表明,基于H.264的编码方案大大超过了基于H.263+的编码方案,是一种高效的立体视频编码压缩方案。     

H．264／觚忙视频编码技术研究

H．264是最新的视频编码标准。与以往的压缩标准相比,该标准具有更好的压缩性能和网络适应性能。文中分析和研究了H．264编码标准采用的一些新技术,并在此基础上实施了多组实验。实验采用JVT参考软件JM8．6作为测试模型,运用了Mother＆Daughter、Foreman和Mobile三个测试序列。实验分别在运动补偿中不同块组合方式、多参考帧、Hadamard变换以及CABAC熵编码等的编码性能几个方面对H．264进行了验证。最后得出了实验结论并在此基础上提出了H．264编码器的优化方向。     

H.264/AVC视频编码技术研究

H.264是最新的视频编码标准.与以往的压缩标准相比,该标准具有更好的压缩性能和网络适应性能.文中分析和研究了H.264编码标准采用的一些新技术,并在此基础上实施了多组实验.实验采用JVT参考软件JM8.6作为测试模型,运用了Mother & Daughter、Foreman和Mobile三个测试序列.实验分别在运动补偿中不同块组合方式、多参考帧、Hadamard变换以及CABAC熵编码等的编码性能几个方面对H.264进行了验证.最后得出了实验结论并在此基础上提出了H.264编码器的优化方向.     

基于SAD矢量合成的1/4像素精度运动估计快速算法

H.264作为新一代的视频标准,对基于块匹配法的运动估计做了新的改进。运动估计是视频编码过程中极其重要的一个环节,它的算法效率对整个编码效率有很大的影响。针对H.264标准中提出的1/4像素精度的运动估计,对其基本算法以及几种快速算法进行分析比较,并在此基础上提出了一种快速的矢量合成算法。实验结果证明,这种算法在提高搜索速度的同时,也保证了图像质量。     

H.264中基于多宏块模式的时域误码掩盖算法

视频压缩码流在信道传输时,由于受到信道带宽或者稳定性的影响,容易发生数据的损坏或者丢失,这样不仅会对当前的视频帧产生影响,而且差错会延续到随后的视频帧,因此,需要采用某种技术来降低差错的影响.新一代视频压缩标准H.264支持多种分块大小的运动补偿,分块大小范围从16×16到4×4,因此,在H.264中一个宏块最多可能有16个运动矢量,这些信息都可以用于时域的误码掩盖.为此,提出了一种基于多宏块分割模式的时域误码掩盖算法,根据相邻宏块的分割模式,每个丢失宏块被自适应的划分为大小不同的子块进行掩盖.实验结果表明,该算法可以得到比传统算法更好的视频质量.     

低复杂度的MPEG-2到H.264快速转码算法

提出一种新的MPEG-2到H.264快速转码算法,利用H.264宏块（MB）模式选择与MPEG-2运动补偿残差间的相关性,将H.264宏块模式的选择转化为数据分类;在MPEG-2解码时,保存相关的宏块信息,包括MB编码模式、编码块类型（CBPC）、MB残差的均值和方差,解码后采用标准的H.264编码器对YUV图像编码,并保存H.264宏块的编码模式,采用机器学习算法得到决策树,用于H.264编码模式的分类,从而大大提高转码效率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。