焊后热处理对6063铝合金激光填丝焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用激光填丝焊对6063铝合金进行焊接,并对焊接接头进行人工时效和固溶+人工时效的热处理。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察及拉伸试验,对焊后经不同热处理的焊接接头组织和性能进行研究。结果表明:未热处理的焊接接头抗拉强度为196 MPa,焊缝内部为铸态组织,弥散分布着Mg₂Si强化相,熔合线附近存在向焊缝内部生长的粗大柱状晶,焊缝内部为细小的树枝晶,焊缝中心为等轴晶;经时效处理后,焊接接头组织不均匀性和强化相的分布得到改善,焊接接头抗拉强度提高27 MPa;经固溶+时效处理的焊接接头抗拉强度提高64 MPa,焊缝组织、熔合区及热影响区组织得到显著细化。焊接接头均为韧脆混合断裂;时效处理的断口韧窝大小差异较大,韧窝较深;固溶+时效处理后的断口韧窝大小均匀,韧窝尺寸较大较深,韧窝数量更多。     

焊后热处理对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金MIG焊接接头组织与性能的影响

采用ER5356焊丝对Al-4.6Zn-1.5Mg-0.15Cu合金板材进行熔化极钨极氩弧焊试验,并对焊接接头进行了不同的焊后热处理。借助光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)研究不同焊后热处理试样的组织变化规律,并进行了显微硬度测试与拉伸试验。结果表明:经固溶加时效处理后,焊接接头抗拉强度与显微硬度得到明显提升,抗拉强度与焊缝硬度均值分别提高至304 MPa与85 HV,相比焊后未处理的263 MPa与66 HV,增幅分别达15.6%与28.8%。焊接接头经时效处理后,组织的不均匀性及强化相的分布得到改善;而经重新固溶后,第二相发生回溶,再经时效处理将使得一部分不稳定的过饱和固溶体重新析出且弥散分布。     

Effect of welding heat input and post-weld aging time on microstructure and mechanical properties in dissimilar friction stir welded AA7075–AA5086

The effects of welding heat input and post-weld heat treatment on the mechanical and microstructural aspects of dissimilar friction stir welds of age-hardened AA7075-T6 and strain hardenable AA5086-H32 aluminium alloys were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) residual stress analysis and tensile testing together with optical metallography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to assess the effects of process parameters on welded joints. It was discovered that joints produced without heat sink exhibited more homogeneous stir zones than other joints. Of the natural aging time studied, higher amount of solid solution during rapid cooling of welds produced higher driving force for increase in hardness in the AA7075 side during natural aging. Natural aging within stirring zone and thermo-mechanical affected zone of AA7075 side resulted in a 10 to 25 MPa reduction in the residual stress in these zones; its effect decreased considerably in the welds performed without heat sink. In addition, natural aging had no noticeable effect on the joint strength.     

Effect of different pre- and post-weld heat treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of variable polarity TIG welded AA2219 joints

The microstructures and mechanical properties of 2219 aluminium alloy joints welded by variable polarity TIG welding in four kinds of different heat treatment conditions, namely, with/without pre-/post-weld heat treatment, were analysed and compared. The post-weld artificial aging treatment rendered fine dispersed precipitates (metastable θ′ phase) separate out of weld metal, which made the hardness of weld metal increase by ～20%. Meanwhile, the fracture location of joints during tensile test changed from weld zone to heat affected zone (HAZ). The pre-weld solution treatment reduced the overaging degree of HAZ and a large number of θ′ phase reprecipitated in HAZ after post-weld artificial aging treatment. Intermediate state welding, with pre-weld solution treatment and post-weld artificial aging treatment together, could increase 20% of the hardness of weld zone, increase 11.5% of the hardness of HAZ and increase 20.3% of the tensile strength of joint.     

Effect of post weld heat treatment on properties of variable polarity TIG welded AA2219 aluminium alloy joints

AA2219 aluminium alloy joints were fabricated by variable polarity tungsten inert gas (VPTIG) welding process and the effects of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the tensile properties, microstructure and fatigue behaviour of the welded joints were investigated. The VPTIG welding process was adopted because it could meet the need of cathode cleaning and meanwhile it could reduce the deterioration of tungsten electrode furthest. The welded samples were divided into as-welded (AW) sample and PWHT sample. The PWHT method used on the samples was solution treatment (535 °C, 30 min), water quenching and artificial aging (175 °C, 12 h). The experimental results show that, compared with the AW samples, the microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of the AA2219 joints after PWHT were significantly improved. The improvement of yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fatigue strength are 42.6%, 43.1% and 18.4%, respectively.     

Tensile Properties and Fusion Zone Hardening for GMAW and MIEA Welds of a 7075-T651 Aluminum Alloy

Tensile and hardness values for 7075-T651 aluminum alloy in the as welded and post weld heat treated conditions（solubilization and artificial aging-T6）,obtained using GMAW and modified indirect electric arc（MIEA）welding processes are presented.Results showed that the base material along rolling direction exhibited a tensile strength of around 600 MPa and elongation of 11%.For the as welded condition,tensile strength was 260 MPa and elongation percent of 3%.This behavior was attributed to brittleness induced by the microstructural characteristics of the welded alloys,as well as high porosity.Hardness profiles along the welds were obtained and different welded zones were identified.A soft zone（＊100 HV0.1） in the heat affected zone for GMAW and MIEA was observed,the minimum hardness corresponding to weld metal（＊85 and ＊96 HV0.1for GMAW and MIEA,respectively）.The high dilution between filler and base metal during welding in MIEA allows to the Zn and Cu to flow from the base metal into the weld metal,inducing hardening by solution and subsequent artificial aging.In this regard,the hardness of the weld metal for MIEA increases by 56%,while the tensile strength reaches a value close to 400 MPa.For GMAW,non-favorable hardening effect was observed for the weld metal after solution and artificial aging.     

填充金属对钛合金与不锈钢电子束焊接的影响(英文)

采用Ni、V、Cu等填充材料进行钛合金与不锈钢的电子束焊接实验。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射对接头的微观组织进行分析。通过抗拉强度和显微硬度评价接头的力学性能,分析讨论填充材料对钛/钢电子束焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:填充材料有助于抑制Ti-Fe金属间化合物的产生。所有接头均由固溶体和界面化合物组成。对于不同的填充材料,固溶体和界面化合物种类取决于填充材料与母材之间的冶金反应。对于Ni、V及Cu填充材料,界面化合物分别为Fe2Ti+Ni3Ti+NiTi2,TiFe和Cu2Ti+CuTi+CuTi2。接头抗拉强度主要取决于金属间化合物的脆性。采用Cu填充金属的接头抗拉强度最高,约为234 MPa。     

焊后热处理对AA7075铝合金DP-MIG焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响

采用双脉冲熔化极精性气体保护焊（DP-MIG）工艺方法焊接AA7075-T651铝合金,焊接试板采用固溶处理（480℃×50 min）后水淬,再进行（80℃×24 h）+（120℃×24 h）两级人工时效热处理,通过金相观察、扫描电镜观察、X射线衍射分析、拉伸试验以及硬度测试,研究焊后热处理（PWHT）工艺对焊接接头显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝区经热处理后,晶粒由枝晶向等轴晶转变,晶界处非平衡第二相溶解,晶界变细,焊缝显微组织特性改善明显;焊接接头经热处理后,抗拉强度由342.5 MPa提高到490 MPa,接头强度系数为0.872,焊缝软化区硬度得到较大改善,焊接接头力学性能有显著提升.     

热模拟MHC/GH4099扩散钎焊接头的组织与力学性能

采用NiCrSiB中间层在热模拟机上成功实现了难熔合金钼-铪-碳(MHC)与镍基高温合金GH4099的真空扩散连接;通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)对接头的微观组织进行表征;同时研究了不同连接温度对接头组织和力学性能的影响. 结果表明,在950,1000和1 050 ℃保温600 s时均可获得可靠的焊接接头;MHC/GH4099接头主要由γ-Ni基固溶体、CrMo固溶体、NiMo,CrB以及Ni₃Si等相组成;在1 050 ℃焊接时,接头室温抗剪强度最高,可达116 MPa. MHC侧焊接热影响区存在较大的焊后应力集中,是引起接头发生脆性断裂的主要原因.     

Strength and microstructure of 2091 Al-Li alloy TIG welded joint

　The microstructure and tensile properties of TIG welding joints of 2091 Al-Li alloy were investigated both in as-welded and different postweld heat treatment condition. The results show that solution strengthening played an important role in the as-welded condition, though the precipitation strengthening δ′ phase formed already in the as-welded weld metal, but its effect was not apparent due to the lower volume fraction of δ′ phase. So the strength coefficient (φ) of the welded joint/base metal was 64%. After artificially aging heat treatment, the precipitation strengthening effect increased much due to the formation of more δ′ phase and s′ phase. Its φ value was increased up to 89%. The highest strength of the welded joints was obtained after solid solution and then artificially aged heat treatment. Due to the proper size of precipitation strengthening phases and their well distribution, the φ value was increased up to 98%.     

时效处理对挤压成型2195铝锂合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了热处理对挤压态2195铝锂合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,固溶处理和人工时效处理对挤压合金的力学性能有显著的增强作用,这与析出相的类型、尺寸、数量密度和分布有关。2195铝锂合金在时效过程中的析出顺序为过饱和固溶体(SSSS)→GP区+δ′/β′(Al₃(Li,Zr))→δ′+θ′(Al₂Cu) +T₁ (Al₂CuLi)→θ′+T₁;其中T₁相在析出强化中起主导作用。2195铝锂合金经过525 ℃×60 min固溶后在170 ℃人工时效的峰时效时间是36 h,此时抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为579 MPa、537 MPa和5.5%。     

薄壁6061铝合金TIG焊接结构强度研究

焊缝强度是影响薄壁承压容器整体强度的关键因素,为研究保证其焊缝强度的焊接及热处理工艺路线,采用TIG方法对薄壁6061铝合金材料进行了焊接,焊后采用了固溶加人工时效的热处理方式。通过拉伸试验对焊缝的强度进行研究,确定了合适的焊接参数和热处理工艺,分析了焊缝缺陷的产生原因和解决办法。     

固溶处理对选区激光熔化AlSi10Mg合金激光焊孔隙缺陷的影响

针对选区激光熔化成形AlSi10Mg铝合金焊接过程中氢气孔敏感性高的问题,采用固溶脱氢与真空固溶脱氢的方法对比了脱氢处理对合金激光焊接接头孔隙缺陷的影响,分析了不同状态下激光焊焊缝气孔分布、组织演变及力学行为。结果表明,固溶处理能够有效减少选区激光熔化成形AlSi10Mg铝合金激光焊焊缝气孔率,且真空固溶处理效果最好,气孔率从沉积态激光焊接焊缝的2.64%降到真空固溶态焊缝的0.14%;通过对接头组织的演变与基板物相形态、成分的变化分析阐述了孔隙出现的原因,揭示了真空热处理是解决由于基板中预先存在的较高含量的氢导致焊缝氢气孔形成的有效方法。固溶后母材硬度明显下降,各试板焊缝的平均硬度为80HV,较为一致;固溶态试板焊接接头抗拉强度为143MPa,低于沉积态接头,但延伸率增加到了24%,表现为韧性断裂特征。     

Effect of post-weld heat treatment on joint properties of dissimilar friction stir welded 2024-T4 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys

The effect of post-weld heat treatment on dissimilar friction stir welded AA7075 and AA2024 joints was studied. After welding in constant parameters, solution heat treatment and various aging treatments were given to the welded joints. Microstructural and phase characterizations were done using optical microscope, SEM, FE-SEM, XRD and EDS techniques. Finally, mechanical properties of post-weld heat treated joints were evaluated and compared with as-welded joints. Results show that both 2024-T6 and 7075-T6 post-weld heat treatment procedures considerably improve the mechanical strength of the welded joint, with higher strength obtained for the 7075-T6 procedure, in comparison with the as-welded joint. This is explained by the formation of fine precipitates during the aging process, despite the abnormal grain growth. Fracture occurs at the interface between thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) on the retreating side (AA7075) of as-welded joint, while by applying post-weld heat treatment fracture location shifts towards the stir zone (SZ) of the welded joint. Also, for post-weld heat treated samples, fracture surface is predominantly inter-granular, while in as-weld joint, fracture surface is mostly trans-granular. This is explained by dissolution and coarsening of precipitates within grains in post-weld heat treated joints.     

选区激光熔化增材制造In718合金的激光焊接性能

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计和力学性能试验等研究了选区激光熔化(SLM)In718合金的激光焊接接头的组织和性能。结果表明:SLM In718合金的激光焊接接头的宏观质量较好,没有发现冶金缺陷的存在。未热处理时,In718合金的SLM构件的组织主要由奥氏体柱状晶及奥氏体柱状晶之间的共晶组织构成,柱状晶的平均尺寸约为5μm×2μm;激光焊接SLM构件的焊缝组织主要由奥氏体柱状晶及奥氏体柱状晶之间的共晶组织构成,柱状晶的平均尺寸约为25μm×5μm;焊缝区显微硬度均值约282 HV,是SLM母材均值335 HV的84.2%;不同厚度焊接试样的抗拉强度为970~983 MPa(均达到SLM母材95%以上),伸长率为20.2%~22.6%(为SLM母材65%以上);固溶+时效处理后,焊接试样抗拉强度均值为1412 MPa(约为SLM母材的98.9%),伸长率均值为13.5%(约为SLM母材的93.7%),与未热处理相比,SLM母材和焊缝显微硬度值分别提高了55.2%和77.3%。     

镁/镀锌钢板CMT熔钎焊连接机制分析

采用CMT焊对AZ31B镁合金和HDG60镀锌钢异种材料进行熔钎焊.在试验中,采取了搭接焊的方式,通过调整焊接参数得到最佳焊接成形.使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDAX)、电子探针、X射线衍射(XRD)及拉伸试验对焊接接头微观连接机制及性能进行研究.结果表明,镁和镀锌钢能够形成良好的搭接接头.焊接接头可以分成焊缝区、结合界面、熔合区.结合面主要有Al,Zn,Mg三种元素,主要相有Al₁₂,Mg₁₇,Mg₂Zn₁₁,Al₇Zn₃及少量的MgFeAlO₄复合氧化物.Zn和Al元素对镁钢连接起着关键作用,Zn在焊接接头形成过程中仍有一定的流动作用.在拉伸试验中,焊接接头试样几乎都断裂在熔合区,抗剪强度可达218 MPa.     

12Cr1MoVG焊接接头高温短时拉伸及可靠性评价

分别对焊态和焊后热处理(PWHT)的12Cr1MoVG钢焊接接头进行300~600℃高温短时拉伸试验,根据该试验结果可以推算出接头的持久强度。结果表明,随测试温度的升高,两种接头的高温短时拉伸强度降低,伸长率升高。断口形貌分析表明接头的断裂机制由剪切断逐渐过渡到正断。焊态接头的高温短时拉伸强度均高于PWHT态接头。510℃时,焊态及PWHT态接头的持久强度下限(σ105783)分别为61 MPa和86 MPa,均大于某电站锅炉的额定蒸气压力(30.35 MPa)。PWHT态12Cr1MoVG钢接头具有较高的持久强度,因而具有更高的服役可靠性。     

Effects of solution and aging treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ61 magnesium alloy welded joints

The effects of solution and aging treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of tungsten inert gas arc welded AZ61 magne-sium alloy joints were investigated by microstructural observations,microhardness tests and tensile tests.The results showed that the solution treatment led to the β-Mg17Al12 particles dissolved into the α-Mg grains.Hence,the microhardness of the fusion zone and the ultimate tensile strength of the welded joints were the lowest.With the increase of the aging temperature,the volume fraction of the β-Mg17Al12 particles in the fusion zone increased and this enhanced the microhardness of the fusion zone gradually.Also,the elongation of the welded joints was in-creased slightly with the increase of the volume fraction of the β-Mg17Al12 particles.However,the ultimate tensile strength of the welded joints increased at first and dropped at 190 ?C due to cracks formed at the boundaries of the β-Mg17Al12 particles.     

焊接缺陷对聚乙烯管道焊接接头强度的影响

聚乙烯燃气管道由于其耐腐蚀、柔性好、施工效率高等优良特性,已逐渐在城镇燃气运输中取代钢制管道,成为主要的输送方式。聚乙烯管道的安装主要采用电熔和热熔焊接方式,存在的主要焊接缺陷有过焊、冷焊、氧化皮未去除、电阻丝错位、孔洞等,文中研究了不同焊接缺陷对聚乙烯焊接接头强度的影响程度及影响机理。采用拉伸、压扁、SEM和EDS测试方法对带有人为缺陷的焊接接头进行分析测试。拉伸、压扁力学性能结果表明,影响聚乙烯管道焊接接头强度的主要缺陷为冷焊、过焊、氧化皮未去除、电阻丝错位,其中氧化皮未去除对接头强度的影响最大,为正常焊接断裂应力的0.4%;SEM和EDS测试结果表明,含有氧化皮的管材分子链易交联、断链,流动性差,热氧老化的硬质斑块和机械划伤阻碍了聚乙烯母材大分子链的扩散,同时在紫外线、光、热等作用下,氧与聚乙烯表面分子链发生反应,形成大量羟基自由基团,使得聚乙烯分子链发生热氧老化和降解,大大降低了聚乙烯接头强度。     

等离子喷涂法改善焊接结构的疲劳性能

采用低碳钢涂层对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢横向与纵向角焊缝接头进行喷涂处理,测试了涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,并分别在焊接状态和喷涂处理状态下进行疲劳对比试验.试验结果表明,等离子喷涂层的显微硬度、结合强度约为火焰喷涂层的2倍.等离子喷涂后1Cr18Ni9Ti接头疲劳性能明显改善.横向接头焊接状态试件的疲劳强度为169.8 MPa,火焰喷涂试件为186.2 MPa,等离子喷涂试件为213.8 MPa,与焊接状态试件相比,等离子喷涂试件的疲劳强度提高25.9%,火焰喷涂试件提高9.7%.纵向接头焊接状态试件的疲劳强度为91.1 MPa,等离子喷涂试件为100.4 MPa,等离子喷涂后疲劳强度提高10.2%.