环氧防锈漆在3种腐蚀环境中的电化学行为

采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了环氧防锈漆经实海浸泡试验和质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液浸泡试验、盐雾试验2种实验室模拟试验后的电化学行为,测量了涂层试样在3种腐蚀环境中0.01 Hz低频阻抗(|Z|0.01 Hz),探究了实海浸泡试验和两种实验室模拟试验的相关性。结果表明:|Z|0.01 Hz在3种试验环境中的变化趋势相同,实海浸泡试验和2种实验室模拟试验的试验结果具有很好的相关性;3种试验环境对涂层破坏作用由小到大依次为:3.5%NaCl溶液浸泡试验实海浸泡试验盐雾试验。     

基于SOFM神经网络的军用灰色涂层腐蚀行为研究

目的探究军用车辆有机涂层在全浸泡条件下的腐蚀行为特征,寻找评价涂层腐蚀防护性能的有效方法。方法利用电化学阻谱技术,对某型军用灰色涂层在全浸泡条件下的腐蚀行为进行了研究,分析了其阻抗谱及低频阻抗模值0.1 Hz|Z|、高频相位角10 k Hzq、相对介电常数re三种特征参数的变化规律。以三种特征参数作为评价指标,利用SOFM自组织神经网络对涂层性能的变化过程进行研究。结果灰色涂层在全浸泡下的腐蚀过程大致经历三个阶段。良好阶段:高频相位角q位于70°附近,低频阻抗模值|Z|均大于10~7。防护性能下降但仍具有保护作用阶段:高频相位角q下降至50°附近,低频阻抗模值|Z|下降至10~6附近。防护性能丧失阶段:高频相位角q全部低于50°,低频阻抗模值|Z|已经低于10~5。SOFM自组织神经网络对涂层的分类结果与对阻抗谱特征分析的结果保持一致。结论通过实例分析,证明自组织神经网络SOFM方法可实现对涂层性能状态的快速判断。     

Modification of Corrosion Resistance of the Plain Carbon Steels by Pulsed Electric Current

The fracture of pipelines caused by corrosion cracks and the resulting oil and gas leakage can lead to great environmental pollution and economic losses. These negative effects are due to serious corrosion of the plain carbon steels used for armor of flexible pipe in oil and gas transmission medium. However, corrosion resistance of carbon steel armors has yet to be improved. In this study, the relationship between corrosion resistance and pearlite fraction in the plain carbon steels has been investigated through the application of pulsed electric current. Based on immersion test and electrochemical measurement, pulsed electric current increases the corrosion resistance of the plain carbon steels by reducing the fraction of pearlite phase. Pitting corrosion, which tends to initiate by galvanic corrosion of ferrite and cementite, is therefore inhibited due to the decrease in pearlite fraction(mixture of ferrite and cementite) under electropulsing.     

Electrochemical corrosion performance of Cr and Al alloy steels using a J55 carbon steel as base alloy

Cr- and Al-modified alloy steels using J55 carbon steel as base alloy were produced by remelting in a vacuum. Their corrosion resistance was estimated by open circuit potential, electrochemical polarisation measurements and immersion tests in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The modified alloy steels exhibit higher corrosion resistance with a more positive open circuit potential, lower corrosion current density and higher impedance than J55 steel. The immersion tests showed that the new alloy steels have lower corrosion rates and smaller pitting depth than J55 steel and a low-Cr steel.     

Cu,P,Cr 和 Ni 对低碳钢耐蚀性的影响简

选择Cu-P-Cr-Ni钢、Cu-P-Cr钢和Q235碳钢,在0.01 mol/L的NaHSO3溶液中进行周期浸润、阻抗谱和极化曲线实验,研究了Cu-P-Cr-Ni系合金钢相比Q235碳钢在模拟工业大气(SO2)环境下的耐腐蚀性能;利用SEM,EPMA面扫描和XRD分析腐蚀锈层的形貌、组成及Cu,Cr和Ni的元素分布情况。结果表明:Cu-P-Cr-Ni系钢的腐蚀诱发敏感性最低,其次为Cu-P-Cr钢,腐蚀速率分别为Q235碳钢的59.5%和52.8%;锈层分为内、外两层,致密的内锈层明显发生Cu的颗粒状、Cr的团聚状富集,外锈层主要有Cr的富集,Ni富集不明显。Cu和Cr等的富集可形成致密的内锈层,提高低碳钢的耐蚀性。     

An electrochemical impedance study on atmospheric corrosion of steels in a cyclic wet-dry condition

The corrosion rates of steels with different nickel contents (0, 2.5, 10 and 20 wt%) were monitored by the AC impedance method under a cyclic wet-dry condition, which was conducted by exposure to alternate conditions of 1 h immersion in a 0.05 M NaCl solution and 7 h drying at 60% RH and 25 °C. The corrosion rates of the ordinary carbon steel and the 2.5% Ni containing steel were greatly accelerated by the wet-dry cycles, while those of steels containing at least 5% Ni were only slightly affected. AC impedance tests indicated that the addition of 5% Ni greatly reduced the corrosion rates of the steel exposed to the cyclic wet-dry environments containing chloride ions, in good agreement with one year exposure tests in the atmospheric marine environments. Within the wet-dry cycle for the carbon steel, a gradual increase in the corrosion rate and a shift of the corrosion potential to negative values were observed at the initial stage of the drying period. These indicated that the anodic metal dissolution rate was accelerated by a slight increase in the chloride ion concentration. At the intermediate stage of drying, the corrosion rate rapidly increased and the corrosion potential remained constant. This can be attributed to the acceleration of both the anodic metal dissolution process and the cathodic oxygen reduction process which is usually controlled by the rates of O₂ transport through the thin electrolyte film. At the final stage, just before the surface dried out, the corrosion rate rapidly decreased, shifting the corrosion potential to the noble direction. At this stage, the anodic process was greatly inhibited. The corrosion testing system employed in this study is very useful for the rapid evaluation of the corrosion performance of metals in atmospheric marine environments and for mechanistic study.     

A new steel with good low‐temperature sulfuric acid dew point corrosion resistance

In this work, new steels (1#, 2#, and 3#) were developed for low‐temperature sulfuric acid dew point corrosion. The mass loss rate, macro‐ and micro‐morphologies and compositions of corrosion products of new steels in 10, 30, and 50% H₂SO₄ solutions at its corresponding dew points were investigated by immersion test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results indicated that mass loss rate of all the tested steels first strongly increased and then decreased as H₂SO₄ concentration increased, which reached maximum at 30%. Corrosion resistance of 2# steel is the best among all specimens due to its fine and homogeneous morphologies of corrosion products. The electrochemical corrosion properties of new steels in 10 and 30% H₂SO₄ solutions at its corresponding dew points were studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results demonstrated that corrosion resistance of 2# steel is the best among all the experimental samples due to its lowest corrosion current density and highest charge transfer resistance, which is consistent with the results obtained from immersion tests.     

Effect of heat treatment on H2S corrosion of a micro-alloyed C–Mn steel

The H₂S corrosion resistance of a C–Mn pipeline steel with three different microstructures has been evaluated using electrochemical techniques with a 3% wt. NaCl solution at 50 °C. Microstructures included martensite, ferrite, and ferrite + bainite. Electrochemical techniques included potenthiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and electrochemical noise (EN) measurements. Most of the tests lasted 24 h. All techniques showed that the highest corrosion rate corresponded to the steel with a martensitic microstructure; up to one order of magnitude higher than the corrosion rate for steels with a ferritic + bainitiic microstructure, whereas the steel with the ferritic microstructure showed the lowest corrosion rate. EIS tests showed that the corrosion process was under charge transfer control, whereas EN results indicated that the three steels exhibited a clear tendency towards a localized type of corrosion. However, for longer immersion times, the steel with a martensitic microstructure tended to exhibit a mixture of uniform and localized attack. Results were discussed in terms of grain size, grain boundary energy, amount and distribution of particles found in each steel.     

碳纳米管复合水性丙烯酸涂层的腐蚀性能研究

目的制备碳纳米管复合水性丙烯酸涂层,探索分析碳纳米管含量对涂层力学和防腐性能的影响规律。方法采用高速球磨方式制备3%,1%,0.5%三种含量(以质量分数计)的碳纳米管复合涂层,对涂层附着力、耐冲击性、耐弯曲性等力学性能进行测试,以电化学阻抗技术来评价碳纳米管复合涂层的防腐性能。结果添加碳纳米管显著提高了涂层的附着力,并且随着碳纳米管含量的增加,附着力上升;其他力学性能,如耐冲击性、耐弯曲性,在不同含量下均保持良好。对改性和未改性的涂层进行了电化学阻抗测试,其中1%的碳纳米管涂层电化学性能最优,在浸泡36 h后,未改性涂层低频区阻抗模值|Z|0.01为2.5×103Ω·cm2,0.5%的碳纳米管涂层为1.1×106Ω·cm2,1%的为1.4×108Ω·cm2,3%的为7×102Ω·cm2。结论由于碳纳米管本身的纳米效应,在较低含量时即可提高涂层的性能,并存在最优含量,超过此含量后性能有所下降。     

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Q235 Carbon Steel by Aerobic Thermoacidophilic Archaeon Metallosphaera cuprina

The effect of thermoacidophilic archaeon Metallosphaera cuprina (M. cuprina) on the corrosion of Q235 carbon steel in its culture medium was investigated in this work. In the sterile culture medium, the carbon steels showed uniform corrosion morphologies and almost no corrosion products covered the sample surface during 14 days of immersion test. In the presence of M. cuprina, some corrosion pits appeared on the surface of carbon steels in the immersion test, exhibiting typical localized corrosion morphologies. Moreover, the sample surfaces were covered by a large number of insoluble precipitates during the immersion. After 14 days, the thickness of precipitates reached approximately 50 μm. The results of weight loss test and electrochemical test demonstrated that the carbon steels in the M. cuprina-inoculated culture medium had higher corrosion rate than that in the sterile culture medium. The oxygen concentration cell caused by M. cuprina biofilms resulted in localized corrosion behavior, and the ferrous oxidation ability of M. cuprina accelerated the anodic dissolution of carbon steels, thus promoting the corrosion process of carbon steels.     

显微组织对低碳钢耐蚀性的影响

用不同热处理工艺得到铁素体+珠光体与马氏体两种不同组织的低碳钢,通过周浸试验和扫描电镜(SEM)、电化学和X射线衍射（XRD）等手段分析两者的耐蚀性能差异表明,在周浸试验条件下,组织均匀的马氏体钢的耐蚀性明显优于由铁素体和珠光体组成的复相钢;马氏体组织的自腐蚀电位较高,阳极腐蚀电流密度较小,形成的锈层更加致密,且主要由性质稳定的α-FeOOH构成。     

Cr对钢耐海水腐蚀性的影响

获得了５种含铬低合金钢在海水中暴露１、２、４、８（７）年的腐蚀数据,讨论Ｃｒ对钢耐海水腐蚀的影响,铬钢的耐海水腐蚀性不仅与Ｃｒ的含量有关,还与其他复合合金元素有关。短期浸泡时,钢的耐海水腐蚀性随铬含量（无其他合金元素复合）增加而提高。长期浸泡,Ｃｒ对钢的耐海水腐蚀性有害,约１％Ｃｒ与Ｍｏ（－Ａｌ）复合对钢的耐海水腐蚀性的影响与Ｃｒ的影响没有左别大于２％Ｃｒ与Ｍｏ（－Ａｌ）复合大幅度提高钢在海水中短期浸泡的耐蚀性,并使耐蚀性逆转时间明显推迟.小于1%Cr与Mn-Cu、Cu-Si-V、Ni-Cu-Si、Ni-Mn等复合对钢的耐海水腐蚀性有害。     

利用EIS研究环氧防锈涂层实验室模拟实验和实海浸泡实验相关性

用电化学阻抗法 (EIS) 研究了环氧防锈涂层在实海浸泡实验及在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡实验和盐雾实验两种实验室模拟实验中的腐蚀失效行为,探讨了实海浸泡实验与2种实验室模拟实验的低频阻抗模值|Z |_{0.01 Hz}之间的对应关系。结果表明：3种腐蚀环境对所研究的涂层体系的破坏作用由小到大依次为：3.5%NaCl溶液<实海浸泡<盐雾;相对实海浸泡实验,盐雾实验对环氧涂层腐蚀失效的加速因子约为2.3。     

Effect on marine immersion corrosion of carbon content of low alloy steels

This paper attempts to reconcile information from a number of different sources about the effect of small changes in carbon content on the immersion corrosion of specimens of normal commercial mild and low alloy steels. It does so through interpreting the data reported in the literature in terms of the recently proposed theoretically based phenomenological model for marine immersion corrosion. This model postulates different corrosion phases as corrosion progresses. When the experimental results are interpreted in terms of the model it is found that carbon content has minimal effect on the kinetically controlled corrosion phase. The next phase, when corrosion rate is controlled by oxygen diffusion, is also unaffected, in agreement with theoretical predictions. However, carbon content does affect the two anaerobic phases, with increased corrosion as the carbon content and the water temperature increase. The model allows apparently conflicting observations to be reconciled and shows that carbon content may be influential for longer-term corrosion and for corrosion in tropical waters.     

Electrochemical evaluations of zinc-rich epoxy primers modified with polyaniline and exfoliated polyaniline graphite nanocomposite

ABSTRACT

Polyaniline (Pani) and exfoliated polyaniline graphite (EPaniG) nanocomposites were used to modify the protective properties of an epoxy zinc-rich primer (ZRP). The corrosion resistance properties of primers were evaluated in 3.5% sodium chloride solution for a period of 120 days via electrochemical noise (EN) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EN data were analysed via Wavelet and Hilbert spectra analysis to evaluate the protection mechanism of different ZRP coatings during immersion. Coating resistance and charge transfer resistance of the primers were evaluated by EIS measurements. Results showed good compatibility between |Z|_0.01Hz from EIS measurements and mean noise resistance which results from EN data and these evaluations allowed the examination of coating performances during immersion. Free corrosion potential (E_corr) measurements and salt spray test revealed that both the cathodic protection and barrier properties of the ZRP primer were improved after addition of EPaniG nanocomposite to the ZRP sample.     

改性纳米SiC粉体强化铸造奥氏体不锈钢耐点蚀性能的研究

在生产条件下采用冲入法制备了改性纳米SiC粉体强化奥氏体不锈钢试样,用化学浸泡和电化学检测两种方法研究了纳米SiC粉体对不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响。结果表明,经改性纳米SiC粉体强化处理后的不锈钢组织明显细化,成分偏析引起的铁素体析出减少;当纳米SiC粉体加入量为0.1 mass%时,不锈钢的点蚀速率降低了 16%,电极电位提高了3倍。能谱分析表明,经强化处理,不锈钢中的Cr成分偏析减轻,有效改善了晶界等易发生点蚀部位的贫Cr现象。     

碳锰含量对低碳(锰)钢过冷奥氏体形变过程转变动力学的影响

提高低碳(锰)钢中碳含量，低碳(锰)钢形变强化相变孕育期明显延长，转变动力学曲线整体向高应变方向移动．提高锰含量，相变孕育期有所延长，转变动力学过程明显变缓．提高碳、锰含量，钢中铁素体形核率增大，晶粒细小，碳的影响程度比锰显著．过冷奥氏体形变过程铁素体转变分三个阶段，第一阶段符合Cahn的“位置饱和”机制，第二、三阶段不符合“位置饱和”机制。     

Effect of chromium on the corrosion behavior of low alloy steel in sulfuric acid

The effects of a chromium (Cr) addition on the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel used in flue gas desulfurization systems were examined by electrochemical (potentiodynamic polarization tests, linear polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and weight loss measurements in a 10 wt% H₂SO₄ solution at room temperature. All measurements revealed a decrease in corrosion rate with increasing Cr content. SEM, EPMA and XPS examinations of the corroded surfaces after the immersion test indicated that 0.6% Cr addition decreased corrosion damage to the steels because protective Cr oxides formed in all the rust layers and Fe oxides dominated over Fe sulphate compounds in the inner rust layers.     

Effect of nitrogen on corrosion behavior of 28Cr-7Ni duplex and microduplex stainless steels in air-saturated 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

The corrosion behavior of 28Cr-7Ni-O-0.34N duplex stainless steels in air-saturated 3.5-wt% NaCl solution at pH 2, 7, 10 and 27 °C was studied by the potentiodynamic method. Two types of microstructures were investigated: the as-forged duplex and microduplex (average austenite grain size 5-16 μm) structures. The austenite volume fractions of the tested steels were between 0.35 and 0.64. The nitrogen effect on corrosion behaviors of both duplex and microduplex stainless steels were the same. At pH 2, the corrosion potential increased when the nitrogen content increased, however, corrosion current density as well as corrosion rate decreased. At pH 7 and 10, the effect of nitrogen on corrosion potential and corrosion rate could not be observed. Corrosion potential at pH 10 was lower than at pH 7. Pitting potential increased when the nitrogen content in the tested steels increased at all tested pH. For the nitrogen effect on the passive current density, it seemed that only at pH 2, the average passive current densities reduced when the nitrogen content increased. Nitrogen may have participated in the passive film or has been involved in the reaction to build up passive film. The ammonium formation and nitrogen enrichment at the interface metal/passive film with adsorption mechanism were discussed. The dissolute nitrogen might have combined with the hydrogen ions in solution to form ammonium ions, resulting in increasing solution pH. The steel could then easily repassivate, hence the corrosion potential and pitting potential would increase. However, the ammonium formation mechanism could not explain the decrease of corrosion potential in basic solution. Nitrogen enrichment at the metal/passive film interface with adsorption mechanism seemed to be an applicable consideration in increasing pitting potential. However, this mechanism did not involve the ammonium ion formation. In general, for the duplex and microduplex stainless steels tested, nitrogen increased the general corrosion resistances in acid solution and pitting corrosion resistance at all solution pH. Metallographic observation in both tested duplex and microduplex steels after pitting corrosion at all tested pH revealed that, the corroded structure in the tested steels without nitrogen alloying was austenite, but those with nitrogen alloying was ferrite. Even though ferrite had a higher chromium content than austenite but higher dissolved nitrogen in austenite than in ferrite may have increased the pitting resistance equivalent number (PRE) of austenite to be higher than that of ferrite.     

苯并三唑对碳钢/铜合金电偶腐蚀行为的影响

目的 研究NaCl溶液中苯并三唑(BTA)对碳钢/铜合金电偶腐蚀行为的影响.方法 使用丝束电极(WBE)技术和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究在未添加和添加BTA的NaCl溶液中,丝束电极表面的电位分布、电流密度分布和电化学阻抗谱演化,同时对比分析碳钢区域与铜合金区域的阻抗谱特征.结果 在未添加BTA的条件下浸泡72 h...