气力输砂试验系统惯性分离元件性能研究

为研究气力输砂系统中惯性分离元件的性能,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法数值模拟了平面形底边、三角形底边和半圆形底边3种分离元件的流场和颗粒撞击特性,并对比分析了不同风速时,3种分离元件的分离效率和阻力特性。研究结果表明,分离元件底边形状对气流阻力、颗粒运动轨迹及其与壁面碰撞次数有很大影响,平面底边分离元件的分离效率随风速的提高下降幅度较大,因而仅适用于低速情况;三角形底边元件分离效率及其对风速的适应性均有很大改善;而半圆形底边分离元件分离效率最佳,并且基本不受来流速度影响。因此,当风速较高时应考虑优先采用三角形底边或半圆形底边分离元件。研究结果对类似气力输砂系统分离器的设计及优化具有指导意义。     

基于FDTD的平面波入射介质的仿真

在二维时域有限差分法的基础上,以MATLAB为环境,进行电磁场数值仿真计算以及设置入射波与介质圆柱边界条件.用完美匹配层、矢量亥姆霍兹方程解决了吸收边界和平面波入射有损介质的问题.将平面电磁波入射到介质圆柱上的状态很好地模拟出来.     

一种温压内爆炸准静态压力测量方法研究

针对有限空间温压爆炸准静态压力准确测量问题,依据传压管道滤波效应特性,设计了一种准静态压力测量组件,建立了温压内爆炸准静态压力测量方法。采用圆柱杆上的螺旋形凹槽结构,与内管壁组成了微型传压管道,与压阻型压力传感器配合,形成一种准静态压力测量组件,抑制了爆炸压力波中高频冲击波分量的传播,减小了爆炸光、热对压力传感器性能的影响。在激波管和准静态压力校准装置上,分别测量了压力组件的输出信号,得到测量组件的升压时间小于0.24 ms,测量误差小于0.6%,满足内爆炸场准静态压力的测试需求。目前,该测量方法已用于温压炸药内爆炸效应试实验中,为温压炸药爆炸释能评估提供了测试基础。     

三维颗粒物质的能量最小化模拟方法

颗粒物质是大量宏观颗粒的集合,广泛存在于自然界,日常生活和工业生产中.颗粒物质的运动表现出非常复杂的现象,如堵塞(jamming)等.颗粒物质体系的定量研究仍是一个巨大的挑战.本文采用能量最小化方法对颗粒物质进行准静态模拟.对一些典型的非线性优化方法,如共轭梯度法,拟牛顿法等,通过预条件来提高这些方法的效率.这些预条件...     

新型零相关区序列偶集的交织构造

为扩大准同步码分多址通信系统的地址码选择范围及减弱零相关区序列偶设计对相关参数的限制条件,基于任意一个长度大于4的最佳自相关序列(偶),运用交织技术和递归运算,提出了三类新型的零相关区序列偶集的构造方法.而且,在保持所构造的零相关区序列偶集中的序列偶数目不变的条件下,通过递归运算,可以将序列偶长度及零相关区宽度成倍扩展.同时,所构造的零相关区序列偶集接近理论边界,用于准同步码分多址通信系统可消除共信道干扰,提高通信质量.     

极小曲面力学超材料抗冲吸能特性分析

本文基于极小曲面结构构建了一类力学超材料,并研究了其准静态及动态力学特性.首先,通过对等效密度为30%、40%和50%的超材料样件进行准静态压缩试验,分析了不同等效密度下结构准静态力学特性变化规律,结果表明,结构模量及平台应力随等效密度的增长呈指数上升,其变化规律可用Gibson-Ashby模型进行精准拟合;其次,研究了不同冲击工况对极小曲面力学超材料动态力学特性的影响规律.根据动态力学特性影响因素及变化规律,分别构建了刚性-完美塑性-锁定模型和简化吸能特性预测模型,对冲击时的力学超材料强度及吸能特性进行预测.结果表明,基于三周期极小曲面的力学超材料具有良好的抗压抗冲吸能特性,且其动态力学性能可以通过建立的模型进行精确预测,为高性能防护结构设计提供了理论基础.     

面向深度学习的非侵入式负荷监测研究进展

非侵入式负荷监测, 是智能用电和节能技术的重要部分, 备受研究者关注. 由于近年来新发展起来的深度学习方法在各种任务所表现出来的优越性能, 目前已有一些代表性深度学习方法被成功用于非侵入式负荷监测中的负荷分解任务. 为了系统地总结深度学习方法在非侵入式负荷监测领域中的研究现状与进展, 拟对近年来面向深度学习的非侵入式负荷监测研究文献进行分析与归纳. 首先对非侵入式负荷监测的框架进行简要概述; 随后介绍了非侵入式负荷监测的特征提取方法和公开数据集, 并重点分析和归纳了非侵入式负荷监测中面向深度学习的负荷分解方法; 最后对该领域存在的一些挑战及机遇进行了展望, 并指出了其未来的研究方向.     

基于多传感器数据融合的准静态校准数据处理方法

静态标定后的电子测压器靶场实测时存在测不准和测试精度不高的问题,为了提高系统的可靠性和测试精度,提出了基于模拟膛压发生器的模拟应用环境的准静态校准方法.为了提高校准工作效率,提出了基于多传感器数据融合的准静态校准数据处理方法.文中详细论述了多传感器数据融合理论以及标准压力曲线上升沿校准法的合理性.用上述方法校准后的电子测压器进行靶场实测,测试数据精度高,可靠性强.     

基于单类Kinect的人体三维重建与优化

使用单一运动的类Kinect深度相机重建和优化静态3D全身人体模型.首先针对类Kinect深度相机产生噪声原因提出一种降噪处理方法进行降噪.结合深度信息和RGB信息获取匹配块,使用高斯混合模型进行局部配准和逐层封闭曲线拟合方法进行全局配准,结合改进方向距离函数进行合并,最后使用泊松表面重建方法获取三维模型.实验结果表明,该方法能够重建出较高精度的三维人体模型.     

道砟胶固化道床力学特性的离散元分析

为探究道砟胶的使用对有砟轨道道床的影响规律,采用镶嵌式组合颗粒单元构造道砟颗粒,根据相关文献确定道砟胶的黏结模型和刚度模型,利用单轴压缩试验和三点弯曲试验确定道砟胶固化道床的细观力学参数,基于离散元法对道砟胶固化道床开展数值模拟,系统分析道砟胶用量和加胶深度对道砟胶固化道床力学特性的影响。模拟结果表明：随着道砟胶加入量的增大,道床的累积沉降量减小且累积沉降量的振幅减小,道床的刚度逐渐增大且增大趋势逐渐趋于平缓;当道砟胶加入量为48 kg/m3时,道床的累积沉降量最小且刚度最大;随着道砟胶加入深度的增大,道床的累积沉降量减小且累积沉降量的振幅减小,道床的刚度与道砟胶加入深度呈线性关系;道床全部加入道砟胶时道床的沉降量最小且刚度最大。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.