基于自适应大规模邻域搜索算法的多车辆与多无人机协同配送方法

针对物流配送需求大、“最后一公里”交付困难等问题,提出带有动态能耗约束的多车辆与多无人机协同配送问题,并以最小化配送时间为目标建立混合整数规划模型(MIP).为解决该问题,设计K-means聚类和最近邻协同的初始解生成算法,并提出基于问题领域知识的自适应大规模邻域搜索算法(adaptive large neighborhood search,ALNS).在不同规模算例上的实验结果表明,所提出的算法相比于模拟退火算法、变邻域搜索算法和遗传算法在求解质量和求解效率方面都具有一定的优势,求解质量分别平均提升23.8$%$、23.3$%$和5.7$%$,表明ALNS较对比算法能够更好地平衡全局搜索和局部搜索.此外.灵敏度分析实验表明,无人机载重能力和无人机续航能力是影响包裹配送时间的两个关键因素.     

带选址的关联运输调度问题研究

对零售点的选址问题和关联货物配送问题建模,分别应用改进的混沌遗传算法和免疫克隆选择算法求解该模型,前者采用混沌初始化方法产生初始种群,使种群具有较好的多样性,并采用混沌搜索策略以提高算法的收敛速度和全局搜索能力.最后比较两种算法的求解结果,结果证实了改进的混沌遗传算法求解该模型的有效性与优越性.     

基于禁忌搜索的生产—库存—配送协同计划问题研究

针对具有一定生产期和存储期的快速消费品,从供应链集成的角度研究了确定性需求情形下多工厂、多产品、多客户供应网络的生产—库存—配送协同计划问题,并建立了多周期环境下生产—库存—配送协同计划问题的混合整数规划模型,以协同优化各工厂的生产计划、库存计划与配送计划.提出了求解该模型的禁忌搜索算法方案,且通过设计启发式顺序分配方法生成初始解,采用了从改进的2-opt和λ-interchange的邻域解中产生候选解的策略,给出了提出算法的具体实现过程.最后,通过测试算例的仿真结果,证明了禁忌搜索算法在求解该类问题时具有比混合遗传算法更强的鲁棒性,并且能够得到更好的解.     

带工序跳跃的绿色混合流水车间机器与AGV联合调度

针对带工序跳跃的绿色混合流水车间机器和自动引导车(AGV)联合调度问题,提出改进memetic algorithm (MA)以同时最小化最大完工时间和总能耗.首先,设计基于工序、机器和转速的三层编码策略,最大程度保证算法在整个解空间中搜索;然后,设计混合种群初始化方法以提高初始种群解的质量,同时设计交叉和变异算子以及两种基于问题的邻域搜索策略来平衡算法的全局搜索和局部搜索能力;最后,通过大量仿真实验验证MA算法求解该问题的有效性和优越性.     

面向带时间窗车辆路径问题的PGSA算法优化

VRPTW问题是带时间窗约束的车辆路径问题,该问题的求解通常被应用到物流的路径规划环节,现实意义突出,属于NP难题,计算量随问题规模增大呈指数增长。PGSA算法是模拟植物生长信息和分支模式的启发式算法,被用于求解组合优化问题。本文以配送总路程最短为目标构建VRPTW问题的约束模型,在原始PGSA算法的基础上,使用双阶段的搜索方案,提高初始解的质量,设计有向生长机制和局部解跳出机制更改原算法生长点的生长策略,提高了PGSA算法的搜索效率。通过在标准数据集上的实验分析,改进后的PGSA算法相比原始PGSA算法,能达到更好的收敛结果,求解效率更高,是一种有效的求解方法。     

求解护士排班问题的变邻域搜索算法

变邻域搜索算法是求解护士排班问题的一个有效算法,其扰动方法对算法性能有显著影响。为提高护士排班问题中护士的满意度,提出一个改进的变邻域搜索(IVNS)算法。该算法使用了三种邻域结构,而且当使用任意的邻域都不能进一步改进当前解时,设计了一个对当前最优解进行扰动的方法,即在排班期间内随机地选择两天,在不违反硬性约束的条件下选出一组值班护士并交换他们在这两天中的班次。在2010年举行的第一次全球护士排班大赛提供的一组公共测试集上与一个混合变邻域搜索(HVNS)算法进行了比较,在Sprint-early、Medium-early和Long-early组算例上的结果表明,IVNS算法的最优值至少不劣于HVNS,而平均值均优于HVNS;IVNS算法的最大方差为0.72,波动范围小,求解性能稳定。IVNS的扰动方案对现有方案的扰动较小,能有效跳出当前局部最优,增强变邻域搜索算法的优化能力,与HVNS算法相比,其求解性能更优。     

基于混合人工蜂群算法的多目标柔性作业车间调度问题研究

传统的优化算法在求解面对多目标柔性作业车间调度时,往往求解效率低且难以获得最优解。为了求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题,设计了混合人工蜂群算法。种群的初始化采用了多种方法相结合的策略。在人工蜂群算法的不同阶段采用不同的搜索机制,在雇佣蜂阶段采用开发搜索,针对跟随蜂阶段蜜蜂跟随的对象的优秀解进行小幅度的更新,从而提高了搜索的表现。禁忌搜索与改进的人工蜂群算法相结合,有效的提升了获得最优解的概率。通过相关文献中的标准实例对设计的混合人工蜂群算法进行一系列求解测试,实验的结果有效的说明了算法在求解柔性作业车间调度问题时效果显著。通过求解结果对比表明人工蜂群算法的高效性和优越性。     

改进鲸鱼算法求解分布式装配柔性作业车间生产与配送联合调度问题

针对一类先加工后装配的离散生产模式,研究分布式制造环境下的装配柔性作业车间生产与配送两阶段联合调度问题。结合实际的生产情况,考虑供应链下生产与配送过程所产生的库存成本,以最小化生产和配送的总成本为联合调度优化目标,提出一种改进鲸鱼算法。针对联合调度的多阶段调度过程,设计了一种基于工序、产品、工厂、机器和车辆的五层编码策略;根据各阶段的特点提出了相应的混合种群初始化策略,以提高解的质量;以加强种群中领头鲸鱼个体与普通鲸鱼个体的联系为导向,改进了鲸鱼觅食的搜索操作并提出四种邻域结构,以增强算法的全局探索和局部搜索能力。最后,通过仿真实验,对比相关研究领域的多种算法来验证所提算法在收敛速度和求解质量等方面的优势,并且将联合调度与分阶段调度进行实验对比,验证了联合调度的优越性。     

基于混合果蝇优化算法的选址-库存联合优化策略

针对装备维修保障仓库系统运营费用高、仓库点位布局不合理、备件库存结构不合理等问题,建立以多品种联合补货问题为基础的装备维修备件仓库选址-库存控制决策联合优化模型,模型可用于求解仓库的开设位置、维修活动需求点的指派情况、仓库补货时间以及库存水平等.根据模型的结构特点,利用多种群协同进化的方法改进传统果蝇优化算法的位置更新方式,设计一种内外两层搜索策略的混合果蝇优化算法,外层搜索策略作为算法的主程序用于搜索仓库选址决策变量,内层搜索策略采用改进的RAND算法用于搜索库存控制决策变量.仿真结果表明,混合果蝇优化算法具有良好的求解效率,能够确保库存系统在一定服务水平的基础上有效降低库存运营总成本.     

多行程多交货期的成品油配送优化

研究多行程多交货期的成品油配送优化问题,已知油库使用带运输时间窗的多舱车辆配送各加油站的多个订单,每个加油站具有各自的优先级,且加油站的各个订单带有交货期.综合考虑客户优先级、订单交货期和车辆运输时间窗等因素,以配送收益最大化为目标,建立多行程多交货期的成品油配送优化模型,并设计带交货期移除算子的改进变邻域搜索算法进行求解.基于前向插入启发式算法构造初始解,设计基于订单交货期的邻域扰动算子和基于单位时间收益最大化的贪婪策略,以增强算法的局部寻优能力,并提出基于逆序访问的后期优化策略,从而在保证解的质量情况下加快算法收敛速度.通过不同规模下的仿真实验验证了所提出模型和算法在最大化配送收益的同时,能够有效地提高配送及时性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.