多模态多层次事件网络的谣言检测

目的 自动检测谣言至关重要,目前已有多种谣言检测方法,但存在以下两点局限：1）只考虑文本内容,忽略了可用于判断谣言的辅助多模态信息;2）只关注时间序列模型捕捉谣言事件的时间特征,没有很好地研究事件的局部信息和全局信息。为了克服这些局限性,有效利用多模态帖子信息并联合多种编码策略构建每个新闻事件的表示,本文提出一种新颖的基于多模态多层次事件网络的社交媒体谣言检测方法。方法 通过一个多模态的帖子嵌入层,同时利用文本内容和视觉内容;将多模态的帖子嵌入向量送入多层次事件编码网络,联合使用多种编码策略,以由粗到细的方式描述事件特征。结果 在Twitter和Pheme数据集上的大量实验表明,本文提出的多模态多层次事件网络模型比现有的SVM-TS（support vector machine—time structure）、CNN（convolutional neural network）、GRU（gated recurrent unit）、CallAtRumors和MKEMN（multimodal knowledge-aware event memory network）等方法在准确率上提升了4 %以上。结论 本文提出的谣言检测模型,对每个事件的全局、时间和局部信息进行建模,提升了谣言检测的性能。     

视频压缩感知中分级多假设预测算法

目的 多假设预测是视频压缩感知多假设预测残差重构算法的关键技术之一,现有的视频压缩感知多假设预测算法中预测分块固定,这种方法存在两点不足：1）对于视频帧中运动形式复杂的图像块预测效果不佳;2）对于运动平缓区域,相邻图像块的运动矢量非常相近,每块单独通过运动估计寻找最佳匹配块,导致算法复杂度较大。针对这些问题,提出了分级多假设预测思路（Hi-MH）,即对运动复杂程度不同的区域采取不同的块匹配预测方法。方法 对于平缓运动区域的图像块,利用邻域图像块的运动矢量预测当前块的运动矢量,从而降低运动估计的算法复杂度;对于运动较复杂的图像块,用更小的块寻找最佳匹配;对于运动特别复杂的图像块利用自回归模型对单个像素点进行预测,提高预测精度。结果 Hi-MH算法与现有的快速搜索预测算法相比,每帧预测时间至少缩短了1.4 s,与现有最优的视频压缩感知重构算法相比,对于运动较为复杂的视频序列,峰值信噪比（PSNR）提升幅度达到1 dB。结论 Hi-MH算法对于运动形式简单的视频序列或区域降低了计算复杂度,对于运动形式较为复杂的视频序列或区域提高了预测精度。     

令牌损失信息的通用文本攻击检测

目的 文本对抗攻击主要分为实例型攻击和通用非实例型攻击。以通用触发器（universal trigger,UniTrigger）为代表的通用非实例型攻击对文本预测任务造成严重影响,该方法通过生成特定攻击序列使得目标模型预测精度降至接近零。为了抵御通用文本触发器攻击的侵扰,本文从图像对抗性样本检测器中得到启发,提出一种基于令牌损失权重信息的对抗性文本检测方法（loss-based detect universal adversarial attack,LBD-UAA）,针对 UniTrigger攻击进行防御。方法 首先 LBD-UAA 分割目标样本为独立令牌序列,其次计算每个序列的令牌损失权重度量值（token-loss value,TLV）以此建立全样本序列查询表。最后基于 UniTrigger 攻击的扰动序列在查询表中影响值较大,将全序列查询表输入设定的差异性检测器中通过阈值阀门进行对抗性文本检测。结果 通过在 4 个数据集上进行性能检测实验,验证所提出方法的有效性。结果表明,此方法在对抗性样本识别准确率上高达 97. 17%,最高对抗样本召回率达到 100%。与其他 3 种检测方法相比,LBD-UAA 在真阳率和假阳率的最佳性能达到 99. 6% 和 6. 8%,均实现大幅度超越。同时,通过设置先验判断将短样本检测的误判率降低约 50%。结论 针对 UniTrigger 为代表的非实例通用式对抗性攻击提出 LBD-UAA 检测方法,并在多个数据集上取得最优的检测结果,为文本对抗检测提供一种更有效的参考机制。     

密集连接卷积网络图像去模糊

目的 非均匀盲去运动模糊是图像处理和计算机视觉中的基础课题之一。传统去模糊算法有处理模糊种类单一、耗费时间两大缺点,且一直未能有效解决。随着神经网络在图像生成领域的出色表现,本文把去运动模糊视为图像生成的一种特殊问题,提出一种基于神经网络的快速去模糊方法。方法 首先,将图像分类方向表现优异的密集连接卷积网络（dense connected convolutional network, DenseNets）应用到去模糊领域,该网络能充分利用中间层的有用信息。在损失函数方面,采用更符合去模糊目的的感知损失（perceptual loss）,保证生成图像和清晰图像在内容上的一致性。采用生成对抗网络（generative adversarial network,GAN）,使生成的图像在感官上与清晰图像更加接近。结果 通过测试生成图像相对于清晰图像的峰值信噪比 （peak signal to noise ratio,PSNR）,结构相似性 （structural similarity,SSIM）和复原时间来评价算法性能的优劣。相比DeblurGAN（blind motion deblurring using conditional adversarial networks）,本文算法在GOPRO测试集上的平均PSNR提高了0.91,复原时间缩短了0.32 s,能成功恢复出因运动模糊而丢失的细节信息。在Kohler数据集上的性能也优于当前主流算法,能够处理不同的模糊核,鲁棒性强。结论 本文算法网络结构简单,复原效果好,生成图像的速度也明显快于其他方法。同时,该算法鲁棒性强,适合处理各种因运动模糊而导致的图像退化问题。     

草绘3维人体建模的模板形变方法

目的 采用草绘交互方式直接构造3维人体模型是当前人体建模研究的重要课题之一.提出一种草绘3维人体建模的模板形变方法.方法 针对输入的草图,首先,采用关节点定位方法获取草图中的人体关节点,根据人体结构学约束识别人体骨架结构,通过解析人体轮廓草图获取人体草图特征;其次,通过骨架模板和外观轮廓模板形变,将草图特征映射到3维人体模型,实现3维人体建模.结果 草图解析方法能有效提取草图特征,通过模板形变方法生成3维人体模型,并在模型上保持草图特征;能适应不同用户的绘制习惯,且生成的3维人体模型可用于人体动画设计.结论 提出一种草绘3维人体建模的模板形变方法,支持用户采用草绘方式进行3维人体模型设计,方法具有良好的用户适应性,对3维动画创作具有重要意义.     

用于在线手写公式合成的编解码网络

目的 在线公式识别是一种将在线输入手写轨迹点序列转换为公式文本的任务,其广泛应用在手机、平板等便携式设备上。众所周知,训练数据对于神经网络十分重要,但获取有标注的在线公式数据所需要的成本十分昂贵,在训练数据不足的情况下,深度神经网络在该任务上的泛化性和鲁棒性会受到影响。为此,提出了一个基于编码—解码模型的在线数据生成模型。方法 该模型从给定的公式文本生成对应的在线轨迹点序列,从而灵活地扩充训练数据规模。生成模型在编码器端设计了结合树形表示的文本特征提取模块,并且引入了基于位置的注意力算法,使模型实现了输入文本序列与输出轨迹序列间的对齐。同时,解码器端融入了不同手写人风格特征,使模型可以生成多种手写人风格的样本。结果 实验中,首先,将本文生成方法在不同类型输入文本和不同手写人风格上的结果可视化,并展示了模型在多数情况下的有效性。其次,生成模型合成的额外数据可作为训练集的增广,该数据被用于训练Transformer-TAP（track,attend,and parse）、TAP和DenseTAP-TD（DenseNet TAP with tree decoder）模型,并分析了3种模型在使用增广数据前后的性能变化。结果表明,引入增广数据分进行训练后,3个模型的绝对识别率分别提升了0.98%、1.55%和1.06%;相对识别率分别提升了9.9%、12.37%和9.81%。结论 本文提出的在线生成模型可以更加灵活地实现对原有数据集的增广,并有效提升了在线识别模型的泛化性能。     

关节轴角先验对3维人体重建结果的影响

目的 3维人体重建的目标在于建立真实可靠的3维人体模型。但目前基于SMPL（skinned multi-person linear model）模型重建3维人体的实验和一些公开数据集中，常常会出现预测的姿势角度值不符合真实人体关节角度规则的现象。针对这一问题，本文提出设置关节旋转角值域，使得重建的结果真实性更强、更符合人体关节机械结构。方法 根据人体关节的联接结构将各个关节的运动进行划分。根据划分结果计算关节运动自由度，并结合实际情况提出基于SMPL模型的关节旋转值域。提出一个简单的重建方法来验证值域分析的正确性。结果 使用3维人体数据集UP-3D进行相关实验，并对比以往直接根据学习结果生成重建模型的数据。在使用轴角作为损失参数的情况下，重建精度提高显著，平均误差降低15.1%。在使用所有损失函数后，平均误差比直接根据预测值生成重建模型的两段式重建方法降低7.0%。重建结果与UP-3D数据集进行真实性对比有显著的关节联动性效果。结论 本文提出的关节旋转角值域设置对基于SMPL模型进行3维人体重建的方法在进行关节点旋转角回归的过程中起到了很大作用，重建的模型也更符合人体关节运动联动性。     

步态驱动的四足动物低维物理运动生成方法

目的 为了解决四足动物运动数据难以获取的问题,建立一种快速易用的四足动物运动重建和制作途径,提出了一种面向四足动物的实时低维运动生成方法。方法 首先,建立以质点、刚体和弹簧为基础的低维物理解算器,将四足动物骨架抽象为低维物理模型;其次,依据步态模式建立足迹约束,自脚向上分肢体求解全身物理质点的运动信息;最后,依据通用约束修正后的质点位置,反算全身动画骨骼节点,生成目标运动。结果 针对不同步态、不同体型、不同风格的四足动物进行多组实验,本文方法能够达到330帧/s的生成速度,且具备良好的视觉效果和通用性。结论 本文方法的输入数据易于学习和获取,计算过程实时稳定,可以快速生成符合视觉真实感的多风格运动数据。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.