Evaluation of MOSA condition using leakage current method

This paper covers the evaluation of metal-oxide surge arrester (MOSA) condition using the method based on the analysis of leakage current at the operating voltage of the network. A comparison is made between the following variants of this method: (1) the method based on harmonic analysis of the total leakage current; (2) the method based on the third order harmonic of the resistive leakage current; (3) the method of power loss; (4) the capacitive current compensation method; and (5) the method based on direct measurement of the amplitude of the resistive leakage current. For these methods the appropriate indicators are introduced for evaluating the MOSA condition. The application of these methods is analyzed depending on fluctuation and the presence of higher harmonics of the MOSA operating voltage. Calculations were conducted using the program MATLAB on a simplified equivalent circuit of a MOSA with a non-linear element modeled using the degree function. Based on the calculation results, a gradation was made for the applicability of individual indicators for evaluating the MOSA condition which indicates a special advantage for using the fundamental harmonic of the resistive component of leakage current and the fundamental harmonic of power loss.     

MOA泄漏电流阻性分量分析

对MOA交流伏安特性进行分析,发现随着电压升高,阻性电流谐波分量增长幅度明显比基波分量增长幅度大,但阻性电流基波分量增长稳定。用MOA交流伏安特性对电压波动的影响进行仿真分析表明,在正常的电压波动范围内,阻性电流及其谐波分量随电压波动呈线性变化,阻性电流基波分量波动幅度最小,3次谐波分量波动幅度最大,MOA泄漏电流检测以阻性电流基波分量检测可靠性最高。     

氧化锌避雷器阻性电流提取算法探讨

采用带电检测氧化锌避雷器(MOA)的方法,现场采集MOA的电压和总泄漏电流信号,然后由阻性电流提取算法软件计算得到MOA的阻性电流,以此可判断MOA在系统中的运行状况。详细介绍了阻性电流提取算法的实现过程,在算法中采取了多种抑制干扰(如频率波动、谐波影响、电压互感器相移和相间杂散电容等)的措施,最后通过实际测量验证了此算法的可行性和实用性。     

Modeling metal oxide surge arrester for the modern polarization based diagnostics

Recently a number of new non-destructive diagnostic techniques have been investigated for the reliable condition assessment of the ageing of metal oxide surge arrester (MOSA). Among them polarization/depolarization current and return voltage measurement techniques showed very promising results. This paper presents an insulation polarization model for investigating polarization-based diagnostics for metal oxide surge arrester. The simulations of the proposed model are validated and verified by comparing the data from the polarization/depolarization current measurements. The simulation of return voltage for MOSA is also performed to validate the insulation polarization model. Finally, the usefulness of this model for MOSA diagnostics has been highlighted in this paper.     

Polarization Switching and Dielectric Properties of PZT Structures

We have taken an extensive investigation of ferroelectric structures based on Pt/PbZr 0.53 Ti 0.47 O 3 /Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si (PZT) thin films. Such characteristics as D-E hysteresis loops, C-V and V-I curves, polarization pulse switching, and pyroelectric coefficient were examined in the temperature range between 20 200C. The effects of interface layers and of the process of charge transfer on the dielectric behavior of the ferroelectric thin films were studied as well. Appreciable asymmetric capacitance-voltage curves and hysteresis loops behavior have been observed for some specimens. These results provide an explanation for the model, which describes the PZT structure as a series circuit of three depletion layer capacitors. Following this method for the high field voltage, one can obtain the values of associated parameters, such as the depletion layer capacitance, bulk permittivity, and space-charge density.     

基于频率与相位特性的避雷器电压提取方法研究

针对避雷器在线监测装置在复杂接线形式下无法准确获取电压的难题,提出了一种基于电流和各母线电压的频率及相位差偏差均值的避雷器在线监测电压提取方法。本方法通过对电流与电压频率以及电流与电压相位差的等时间间隔偏差的均值进行计算分析并滤波,并采用阈值诊断算法实现对避雷器实际承受电压的提取。实际验证表明,该算法可以有效地剔除各种干扰,可靠区分不同频率的电压信号,从而准确提取避雷器实际承受电压,试验和现场实际运行说明该算法的有效性。     

MOA冲击电流模型的建模仿真及试验研究

为保证金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide arrester,MOA)的质量,在出厂试验或验收试验等中常采用冲击电流发生器模拟雷电流来检验设备耐受冲击电流稳定的能力。仿真分析中直接采用雷电流函数模型代替冲击电流回路来研究MOA的非线性特性,忽略了电流波形差异对负载特性的影响。文中介绍了雷电流模型的研究现状,分析了冲击电流发生回路与常用雷电流模型的基础理论,选取双指数函数模型、Heidler函数模型、脉冲函数模型,并基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建仿真电路,结合试验数据进行仿真分析,给出了ATP-EMTP软件中常用模型的波形参数。研究结果可为后续MOA在特快速瞬态过电压的特性研究、电路模型仿真分析及防雷研究提供参考。     

基于RBF神经网络的迟滞非线性模型预测控制

压电执行器具有响应快、质量比大、刚度高等特点,在纳米技术领域得到了广泛的应用。迟滞特性作为一种固有的非线性特性,极大地影响了迟滞控制的性能。本文提出了一种非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)方法来解决压电执行器的位移跟踪问题。首先,利用RBF神经网络实现了压电执行器的“外源输入非线性自回归移动平均” (NARMAX)模型;其次,利用NMPC原理将跟踪控制问题转化为优化问题,然后采用梯度下降算法求解。为验证所提出的建模和控制方法的有效性,并进行了MATLAB与COMSOL仿真实验。结果表明,所提出的RBF预测模型具有令人满意的精度,NMPC方法跟踪所得期望位移与实际位移绝对误差值最大达到0.016um,平均绝对误差达到0.0121um,具有较高的精度。     

Device for diagnostic monitoring of surge arresters

Basic reasons for the failure of nonlinear surge arresters are considered; most widely spread methods and devices for diagnostic monitoring of nonlinear surge arresters in the course of their operation are analyzed, and a new monitoring device registering discharge current pulses caused by lightning and switching voltage surges is proposed.     

微腔介质阻挡放电忆阻特性分析

为了研究微腔结构介质阻挡放电的非线性电阻特性,搭建微腔结构介质阻挡放电的仿真模型,研究其放电过程中的电压和电流关系从而得到其伏安特性曲线.根据忆阻器数学模型及忆阻器物理模型,建立忆阻器的MATLAB仿真平台.应用阻变机理对忆阻器的伏安特性进行分析并与介质阻挡放电的伏安特性进行比较,发现微腔介质阻挡放电过程中的伏安特性与忆阻器的忆阻特性相似.从电荷转移角度进一步分析微腔介质阻挡放电过程中的忆阻特性.     

氧化锌压敏陶瓷伏安特性的微观解析

为从微观层面上解析ZnO压敏陶瓷MOV的宏观伏安特性,根据电镜和深能级瞬态谱(DLTS)的观测结果,结合试验实测几种规格MOV小电流和大电流下的试验数据,建立ZnO在小电流区和大电流区的微观集中参数等效电路模型,然后依据晶界势垒、电子陷阱等理论,微观解析了各区的导电特性。结果表明:随着外施电压的增加,电子的穿透能力不断增强,使ZnO在小电流区晶界层的非线性微观等效电阻不断增大,它与纯ZnO晶粒层的线性电阻共同作用使ZnO小电流区伏安特性呈现出3个不同的特性宏观区域即预击穿区、击穿区和回升区;随着外施瞬态冲击大电流幅值的加大,ZnO在大电流区微观等效电感值增加,使ZnO大电流区伏安特性宏观呈现缓慢上升区、快速上升区和迅速上翘区;晶界层厚度的不均匀性和晶界层中电子陷阱密度的差异性宏观表现为等效电阻的非线性变化,晶界层和纯ZnO晶粒层在小电流区和大电流区具有不同的微观作用机理使得ZnO压敏陶瓷在不同电流区呈现出不同的独特宏观伏安特性。     

Investigation of diagnostic techniques for metal oxide surge arresters

Gapless metal oxide surge arresters (MOSA) have been available in the market for many years since they were first introduced in the 1970's. The aim of this study is to investigate some reliable diagnostic techniques to assess the condition of a metal oxide surge arrester when subjected to severe lightning strikes in the field. A number of nondestructive and destructive diagnostic techniques for metal oxide surge arrester (MOSA) are discussed in this paper. The nondestructive techniques include the standard 1 mA reference voltage, lightning impulse discharge residual voltage and a number of modern diagnostics based on polarization methods: Return voltage and polarization/depolarization current measurements. In order to observe, analyze and correctly explain the degradation phenomena, a number of destructive techniques based on microstructure observation are also conducted. The techniques include optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometry. The single and multipulse currents of 8/20 mus wave shape were used to artificially degrade the MOSA. The before and after diagnostic results of the nondestructive and destructive techniques are presented and interpreted to understand the aging mechanism in MOSA. The importance of modern nondestructive electrical diagnostics based on polarization methods is validated by test results and is highlighted in detail in this paper. Finally the correlation of the results of different diagnostic techniques with each other and with the results of standard techniques is discussed     

换相失败预测控制对电压稳定性影响及优化措施

对于直流馈入受端电网,避免换相失败与维持电压稳定是两个重要问题。为降低换相失败发生风险,实际直流控制系统通常配置有换相失败预测控制功能模块。扰动过程中,预测控制通过减小逆变器触发角α,增大换相裕度。这一控制将改变逆变站无功特性,甚至影响受端电网电压稳定性。文中基于实际工程的直流控制系统,建立了特高压直流仿真模型;揭示了换相失败预测控制及预测参数对逆变站非线性无功轨迹和电压稳定性的影响;在此基础上,提出了改善逆变站大扰动无功需求特性的预测参数优化措施。特高压直流受端电网大扰动时域仿真结果,验证了优化预测控制参数提升受端电网电压稳定性的有效性。     

Metal oxide surge arrester condition monitoring based on analysis of leakage current components

This paper presents proper indicators for evaluation of the surge arrester condition based on the leakage current analysis. Maximum amplitude of fundamental harmonic of the resistive leakage current (I_mr1), maximum amplitude of third harmonic of the resistive leakage current (I_mr3) and maximum amplitude of fundamental harmonic of the capacitive leakage current have been used as indicators for surge arrester condition monitoring. The effects of operating voltage fluctuation, third order of voltage harmonic, over-voltage and varistor aging have been investigated to show the ability of introduced indicators for accurate diagnostic of arrester’s conditions. In order to have accurate values of stray capacitors, 3D-FEM has been used. Moreover, surge arrester model for calculating leakage current has been performed in ATP–EMTP. In addition, the signal processing has been done using MATLAB software. This study shows that the introduced indicators are proper criteria for surge arrester condition monitoring.     

Characteristics on PWM CSI-induction motor drive system with utility interactive photovoltaic generation

This paper proposes a PWM current source inverter-induction motor drive system with photovoltaic generation. Solar cells are inserted in dc link to obtain constant current characteristics. They are connected to the utility system with a PWM converter. The PWM converter is controlled to obtain the maximum output photovoltaic (PV) power. The PWM inverter supplies sinusoidal currents for an induction motor, which is driven by constant V/f control. A pulsewidth control is utilized in the inverter section because of constant dc link current caused by peculiar V-I solar cell characteristics. In the system proposed here, the PV power is not only used for inverter-induction motor drive but it also flows into the utility system. The experimental results in steady state show that the proposed system has sinusoidal current with unity power factor in the utility system, the maximum output PV power and sinusoidal current/voltage for a motor. The demonstrated results for the separation of the utility system or the motor from the converter-PV-inverter system are given. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (2): 79–87, 1997     

线路电阻对SPD配合的影响分析

为了准确分析用于低压配电系统过电压防护的多级浪涌保护器(SPD)的配合问题,通过建立SPD配合电路的拉氏运算方程,求解并分析线路电压降的解析解,理论研究了线路电阻对低压系统SPD配合的影响,指出忽略线路电阻将使通过后级SPD的电流被夸大,造成配合分析的不准确。理论分析表明,在前级SPD的残压一定的情况下,2级SPD间的电压差主要由后级SPD的V-I特性曲线、线路电感和线路电阻共同决定。通过对多种线路模型的SPD配合进行仿真计算,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

STATCOM在电弧炉补偿中的控制策略及仿真分析

在冶金工业中使用的电弧炉可引起电网三相负荷不平衡,产生谐波引起电流闪变,严重影响电网电能质量。静止同步补偿器（Static Synchronous Compensator-STATCOM）因其具有其快速响应的特性而成为电弧炉负荷动态补偿的理想选择。对一种用于补偿电弧炉的STATCOM提出滞环电流控制策略,通过对电弧炉的V-I特性曲线采用分段线性逼近的方法建立其时域模型,并在MATLAB/Simulink中进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明所提出控制策略较PWM控制易于实现,明显地减轻了冲击负荷对电网电压的影响,基本消除了低次谐波,达到了改善系统电能质量的目的。     

梧州SVC在电压控制下无功储备优化分析

研究了梧州SVC装置应用于电力系统中的电压支撑作用,保证当出现电压跌落时,SVC装置的控制策略使设备对500 kV电压起支撑作用。研究了梧州变电站加装SVC装置的实际应用的控制策略,通过设备控制保护系统RTDS仿真试验,测试SVC装置的实际V-I特性曲线与理论作比较,分析V-I曲线斜率对装置无功储备及对系统电压支撑的关系。研究结果表明,慢速导纳控制参数中调差率设定为0.02-0.03时,将大大提高装置正常运行方式下的无功储备,提升SVC装置抑制电压波动的性能。     

An adaptive arc furnace model

This paper presents an adaptive arc furnace model. The integrated model is divided into three parts, the supply system model, the nonlinear load model and the controller model. First, the supply system is represented by a set of linear differential equations. Simulation is achieved by a numerical method and the measurements are taken as the control input. Secondly, based on the arc melting process and typical arc furnace V-I characteristic, the arc furnace load is described as a current-controlled nonlinear resistance. The pattern of nonlinear resistance is controlled by the average arc length, which reflects the arc furnace operating condition. Finally, the rectangular approximation of arc voltage is adopted by the controller to generate the arc power-arc length and the arc current-arc length curves. This information combined with the arc furnace operation and measurement information is used for the control scheme to determine the arc length and arc furnace transformer tap. Thus, the proposed adaptive arc furnace model is suitable for different operating conditions. This model is also compared prith the existing arc furnace models, which provides its validity. The effect of arc furnace load on the power system is also studied through the proposed model     

金属氧化物避雷器在线监测的谐波校正及研究

泄漏电流阻性分量是金属氧化物避雷器(MOA)在线监测的重要指标,传统的容性电流补偿算法并未考虑谐波电压的作用,对监测结果产生很大的误差。为解决该问题,利用电压过零时避雷器阻性电流与容性电流的关系求解避雷器晶介电容C,并推导了谐波电压下的容性电流补偿系数G,提出了一种金属氧化物避雷器在线监测的谐波电压校正方法,有效降低谐波电压对阻性电流提取的影响,提高避雷器阻性电流的提取精度。MATLAB仿真结果表明,通过MOA在线监测谐波校正方法,避雷器晶介电容C、基波阻性电流分量i_(R1)、3次谐波阻性电流分量i_(R3)误差均≤10%,有效地减小谐波电压给监测结果带来的影响,降低了阻性电流提取的误差,提高了避雷器在线监测结果的准确性。