我国食用植物油供需状况及影响因素分析

该文总结近十年来我国食用植物油生产、供给和消费发展状况,探讨影响植物油供给、需求主要因素。我国油料生产虽逐年增加,但增幅不大,植物油供给水平和品种结构主要受油料、油脂进口影响;人口增长、收入增加及畜牧业发展是影响植物油需求主要因素。     

我国油料产业形势分析与发展对策

油料安全事关国计民生,保障油料有效供给是我国必须坚守的国家粮食安全底线。站在全球视角,对2011/2012—2020/2021年度我国油料供需形势、生产形势及市场形势进行分析,明确我国油料产业在生产、加工、贸易等方面面临的挑战,并针对性地提出了统一科学谋划与增强政策扶持精准度相结合,强化科技支撑与耕地资源保护相结合,提高农户油料种植收益与增强自然灾害抵御能力相结合,坚持大宗油料品牌建设与特色油料资源开发相结合,稳定当前农业合作伙伴关系与扩宽油料进口来源相结合,实施差异化市场监管与引导居民科学消费相结合等发展对策,以期为促进油料生产、保障植物油有效供给、降低植物油对外依存度,维护国家粮油安全提供参考。     

简述外资扩张对中国大豆油脂行业的安全危机

由于粮食产业在中国的特殊战略地位,直到上世纪90年代中期,为满足国内油脂供给,我国才逐渐放开大豆进口市场,同时,以嘉吉、邦基、ADM和路易达孚为代表的国际资本也借机大举进入中国植物油压榨市场。经过短短10年左右的时间,目前国内食用植物油总供给量已达2400万吨左右,其中进口油脂油料折合食用油量接近1500万吨,ADM、邦基、嘉吉、丰益国际、来宝等跨国粮商在全国97家大型油脂企业中的64家企业参股控股持有股份,占我国植物油压榨总产能的66%。跨国粮商利用其对原料采购的优势,正在逐步将中国变成全球植物油加工工厂,中国油脂压榨业被外资垄断风险加大。     

我国首次举办全球油脂油料产业峰会

近期,由中国食品土畜进出口商会主办的全球油脂油料产业峰会在青岛市举行。这是我国首次举办全球油脂油料产业峰会。来自亚洲、欧洲、非洲、北美洲、拉丁美洲20多个国家和地区的油脂油料生产商、贸易商代表、政府官员和行业组织代表、业内专家等280人参加了这次峰会：本次峰会丽绕当前全球油脂油料产业发展趋势,中国油脂油料及相关产业的市场走势．主要油脂油料品种生产加工和市场动向,全球粮油价格上涨和生物能源生产对油脂油料产业的影响,     

基于三大油料资源优势的湖南食用植物油产业发展研究

大力发展食用植物油脂产业对于保障湖南粮油供给安全、保护生态环境、增加农民收入等具有重要的战略意义。文章分析了湖南油茶、油菜籽、米糠油等三大优势油料种植、加工情况,并在研究其发展的背景、现状、存在问题的基础上,提出了促进湖南食用植物油产业科学快速发展的对策及建议。     

?植物油料热处理影响油脂氧化稳定性机理的研究进展

植物油料的热处理是我国植物油脂制备工艺中必不可少的一个加工环节。在追求安全营养的前提下,适度的植物油料热处理,在降低水分含量、提高出油率的同时,更赋予油脂特征风味、最大限度保留营养素、去除危害物和避免其形成,从而提高油脂的食用价值和商品价值。针对植物油料热处理影响油脂品质的问题,本文综述了植物油料热处理影响油脂氧化稳定性机理的研究进展,同时对植物油料热处理影响油脂氧化稳定性机理尚未研究清楚的困难点进行了总结和分析。旨在对植物食用油脂的适度加工提供一定的参考,对我国植物食用油脂产业的发展提供一定的帮助。     

当前外资在华植物油产能分布研究

由于粮食产业在我国的特殊战略地位，直到20世纪90年代中期，为满足国内油脂供给，我国才逐渐放开大豆进口市场，同时，以嘉吉、邦基、ADM和路易达孚为代表的国际资本也借机大举进入中国植物油压榨市场。经过短短10年左右的时间，目前国内食用植物油年总供给量已达2400万t左右，其中进口油脂油料折合食用油量接近1500万t，ADM、邦基、嘉吉、丰益国际、来宝等跨国粮商在中国97家大型油脂企业中的64家企业参股控股持有股份，占66％。跨国粮商利用其对原料采购的优势，正在逐步将中国变成全球植物油加工工厂，中国植物油压榨业被外资垄断的风险加大。     

我国油料供需形势及发展对策

分析了我国食用植物油供给的主要来源、潜在资源、消费需求以及油料进出口情况和产业发展存在的主要问题,并提出促进我国油料产业健康发展的对策建议。     

加快木本油料发展保障食用油供需安全

我国食用植物油供需形势严峻,自给率只有40%左右,大量进口植物油是造成农产品国际贸易逆差的主要根源;生物柴油快速发展使植物油供需矛盾加剧;草本油料抗灾力弱,产量不稳.这些不利因素给国家粮食安全敲响了警钟,因此要重视发展油茶等木本油料产业.南方油茶先行,北方宜加快发展文冠果和元宝枫等木本油料种植,并进行科学规划,典型示范.     

2018/2019年度全球油料油脂产销情况及预测

对2018/2019年度全球油料油脂产销情况进行了论述,并对2019/2020年度的相关情况进行了预测。2018/2019年度,全球主要油料（干椰肉、棉籽、棕榈仁、花生、油菜籽、大豆、葵花籽）总产量为59 723万t,主要生产国为美国、巴西、阿根廷、中国和印度,主要油料的出口量为17 063万t,进口量为16 639万t,主要油料出口国为巴西、美国、加拿大和阿根廷,中国和欧盟是主要油料进口国,全球主要油料库存量为12 916万t。2018/2019年度,全球主要植物油产量为20 319万t,印度尼西亚、中国、马来西亚、欧盟、美国、巴西和阿根廷是全球植物油的主要生产国和地区,全球主要植物油总消费量为20 113万t,主要消费国和地区为中国、欧盟、印度、印度尼西亚和美国,全球主要植物油期末库存为2 168万t。据预测,2019/2020年度,全球主要油料和油脂产量分别为57 682万t和20 549万t,全球主要油料和油脂的出口量分别为17 409万t和8 758万t,期末库存分别为2 168万t和1 777万t。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the