线接触弹流摩擦副的动特性研究

基于机械振动学和弹流润滑理论,将弹流油膜简化为弹簧阻尼,建立了线接触摩擦副的摩擦学、动力学耦合模型,用数值方法求解了摩擦副的振动响应,通过简谐激励下系统的阻尼环求得摩擦副的刚度和阻尼,分析了载荷、速度对摩擦副动力学特性的影响.结果 表明:弹流油膜具有显著的刚度、阻尼特征;弹流状态下,当速度一定时,摩擦副的刚度、阻尼随载荷增加而几乎线性地增加;而当载荷一定时,摩擦副的刚度、阻尼随速度的增加而指数般减小.     

圆柱滚子轴承弹流接触副刚度及阻尼系数研究

针对圆柱滚子轴承中滚子-滚道弹流接触副,建立有限长线接触非稳态弹流润滑模型,利用追赶法、快速傅里叶变换和Newmark技术数值求解接触副在自由振动下的衰减曲线。以刚体接近距离的变化作为判断接触副振动的标准,结合弹流润滑模型和有阻尼系统的自由振动模型,给出预测滚子-滚道弹流接触副动力学参数的方法,考察初始扰动量、润滑剂黏压系数、滚子长度和载荷对刚度和阻尼系数的影响。结果表明：小扰动下,初始扰动量大小对刚度和阻尼系数的影响可忽略不计;弹流润滑下的刚度小于干接触下的Hertz接触刚度;增加润滑剂黏压系数、滚子长径比和载荷,均可增大弹流接触副的刚度系数;阻尼系数随润滑剂黏压系数的增加而减小,随滚子长径比的增加而增加,随一定范围内载荷的增加而减小。     

弹流润滑球轴承-转子系统载荷特性分析

基于点接触弹性流体动力润滑理论,搭建了球轴承在弹流润滑状态下刚度-阻尼的计算公式,依据该动态刚度-阻尼建立了球轴承-转子系统动力学微分方程,采用数值方法求解系统在不同参数条件下的轴心轨迹、相图、分岔图,分析径向载荷对轴承-转子系统动力学特性的影响。研究表明,在弹流润滑油膜的作用下,具有动态刚度和阻尼的滚动轴承-转子系统显示出了更为复杂的非线性动力学特性;径向载荷是影响轴承转子系统的重要因素之一,较大的径向载荷有利于系统周期性运转。     

面向航空传动的点接触热弹流润滑分析

航空传动中,滚动轴承因摩擦因数低、承载能力强、可靠性高获得广泛应用,且基于热弹流的点接触滚动轴承数值分析,对重载及润滑状况严苛的航空传动零部件寿命及承载接触分析具有重要意义。分别建立了点接触等温弹流润滑数学模型及点接触热弹流润滑数学模型,采用复合直接迭代法求解。借助Fortran、Origin及Matlab等软件,分别获得等温弹流及热弹流情况下的油膜压力、厚度及温度,讨论了载荷参数、材料参数、速度参数、椭圆度参数对点接触弹流润滑性能的影响,为航空重载传动系统的研制及分析提供一定理论依据。     

点接触EHL二次压力峰和中心压力拟合公式

基于求解点接触弹流润滑(EHL)问题的高效直接算法,研究了点接触EHL状态下载荷、速度、材料参数对二次压力峰和中心压力的影响,在对大量数值解结果进行分析和回归的基础上,给出了二次压力峰和中心压力对载荷、速度、材料参数关系的拟合公式,并对拟合公式的精确性进行了检验,结果显示,在相当宽的参数范围内,所提出的拟合公式的计算结果与数值解的相对误差小于10%,为研究零件在点接触EHL状态下的最大应力及疲劳寿命预测提供了一个简单而实用的工具。     

基于弹流摩擦副刚度的直齿轮修形研究

首次在直齿轮修形时考虑了弹流润滑的影响,提出用齿轮弹流摩擦副啮合刚度取代传统齿轮啮合刚度计算最大修形量进行齿轮修形的新方法。基于弹流润滑理论,将弹流油膜简化为线性化的弹簧阻尼,建立了线接触摩擦副的摩擦学―动力学耦合模型,运用数值方法求得齿面弹流摩擦副刚度;采用ISO齿轮啮合刚度定义分别计算出齿轮的啮合刚度和齿轮弹流摩擦副啮合刚度,并基于两种不同的齿轮啮合刚度计算最大修形量,进行齿轮修形;通过Creo分别建立了标准齿轮、ISO方法修形齿轮、基于弹流摩擦副啮合刚度修形的齿轮啮合模型,运用Adams和Romax对3种齿轮副的动态啮合力、角加速度和传动误差进行了仿真和比较,并将基于弹流摩擦副啮合刚度计算的最大修形量和一些工程实际修形齿轮的修形量进行了对比。结果表明,计入弹流润滑影响后,齿轮刚度明显降低,导致齿轮最大修形量增大,且基于弹流摩擦副刚度的修形效果优于ISO方法的修形效果,齿轮动力学性能和传动性能改善明显,并且修形量的理论计算值也更贴近于工程齿轮的实际修形量。     

基于套圈变形的柔性轴承弹流润滑分析

以柔性轴承为研究对象,基于赫兹接触理论和弹性薄壁圆环理论,建立柔性轴承等温椭圆点接触弹流润滑模型,对滚珠及内外圈滚道的接触区受载荷最大位置处进行弹流润滑数值分析;计算危险点的曲率半径、速度及载荷,分析载荷及速度变化对该位置润滑性能的影响。研究结果表明:套圈变形使得润滑接触区峰值压力增大、膜厚减小;柔性轴承弹流润滑油膜最小膜厚及中心膜厚均随载荷的增大而减小,油膜压力随载荷的增大而变大,表明载荷增大对柔性轴承的承载有一定影响;随转速的增大最小膜厚及中心膜厚均增大,表明在一定范围内,适当提高转速能够改善润滑性能。     

有限长线接触动态特征参数研究

考虑系统动态特性建立有限长线接触瞬态弹流润滑模型,数值求解获得润滑接触压力与膜厚;采用润滑接触相对位移为自由振动判定标准,结合单自由度阻尼系统模型,提取系统特征参数刚度和阻尼值,为建立完善的接触副动力学模型提供参数。结果表明:考虑惯性力时,在入口区形成膜厚波动与局部压力峰,并向出口区传播;随着振动时长增大,在整个接触区形成压力与膜厚波动并最终趋于稳态解;随着载荷增大,系统刚度升高但增幅降低,阻尼整体呈现降低趋势。     

点接触弹流润滑性能及应用分析

牵引式无级变速器的传动零件间处于点接触状态，在某一传动比时，相对自转速度为零。本文研究了该状况下各种工况参数如滑动率、滚动速度和载荷等对点接触的弹流润滑性能的影响。研究表明：随着滑动率的增大，摩擦因数增大，油膜最大温升增大；在相同滑动速度下，随着滚动速度的增大，油膜厚度增大，但摩擦因数减小；随着载荷的增大,油膜厚度减小,摩擦因数增大，油膜最大温升增大。     

齿轮动力学与弹性流体动力润滑耦合研究

为探究齿轮的动力学特性与弹流润滑耦合效应,综合考虑齿轮啮合刚度的时变效应和表面粗糙度对齿轮动力学行为的影响,基于动力学理论,建立了6自由度摩擦动力学模型。采用解耦方法求解该模型,将求解获得的轮齿动态啮合力和表面波动速度用于弹流润滑分析中。通过实例研究了动、静两种载荷模型下齿轮的弹流润滑特性。研究表明,与平稳载荷相比,基于动载荷模型的齿轮弹流润滑研究更能准确反映齿轮的瞬态润滑特性,在啮合刚度的激励下,润滑时油膜压力和油膜厚度均表现出一定的振荡效应。啮入点、单齿啮入点以及单齿啮出点存在较大的冲击,是齿轮弹流润滑的危险点。     

On the Dynamics of Lubricated Cylindrical Roller Bearings,Part I: Evaluation of Stiffness and Damping Characteristics

The stiffness and damping coefficients of a single roller-to-race contact of lubricated cylindrical roller bearings are numerically evaluated using a linearized perturbation method for both elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) finite and infinite contact theories. A steady-state pressure equation is solved by a multilevel method and the elastic deformation is evaluated with the multilevel multi-integration method. Dynamic pressures are obtained by solving a set of perturbed pressure equations and are used to calculate the stiffness and damping coefficients. The influence of various nondimensional parameters (load parameter, speed parameter, material parameter, edge radius, and geometrical parameter) on the stiffness and damping are studied. The results show that a finite line contact gives higher values of stiffness and damping coefficients compared to an infinite contact, particularly at higher load and lower speed values. Based on the numerically evaluated data, curve-fitted relations for the stiffness and damping coefficients of a single roller-to-race contact are developed that can be used in the dynamic analysis of rotor–bearing systems.     

Oil film stiffness and damping in an elastohydrodynamic lubrication line contact-vibration

An elastohydrodynamic lubrication line contact-vibration model is proposed to study the stiffness and damping of the oil film existed in the EHL contact region. An initial mutual approach between interacting surfaces, which deviates from the steady-state balanced position, is assumed under the free contact-vibration to predict the response of the mutual approach. An inertia term, which represents the acceleration of the gap motion, is added to the classical force balance equation to form the equation of motion of the mutual approach. Response of the mutual approach is solved based upon the solving of the contact-dynamic model. The oil stiffness is calculated according to the natural frequency of the response under damped and non-damped conditions, the latter of which represents dry contact conditions. The oil film damping is calculated in terms of the principle of the energy conservation which utilizes the whole history of response compared with the log decrement method. Effect of the normal load, the rolling speed and the amplitude of the regular sinusoidal surface waviness on the oil film stiffness, the contact stiffness and the oil film damping are studied. The study provides an insight on the oil film dynamic characteristics of lubricated contact-vibration problems which appear in gears, bearings, etc. The results show that the oil film damping factor decreases with the increasing normal load as well as the increasing rolling speed. The oil film stiffness increases with the normal load and decreases with the rolling speed. Also, compared to the contact stiffness, the oil film stiffness makes less contribution to the total stiffness. The surface waviness amplitude has little effect on the oil film stiffness and the oil film damping.     

基于绝对节点坐标法的钢索-滑轮系统动力学模型与响应迟滞特性

钢索-滑轮系统间的非线性接触特性严重影响了长距离软式传动系统变形及动态响应迟滞效应的准确计算。基于绝对节点坐标法建立了三维高阶钢索单元模型。在此基础上,建立了钢索-滑轮系统的动态接触模型,应用Hunt-Crossley接触模型计算法向接触力,采用LuGre微变模型计算较低相对运动速度下的切向接触力,准确描述了钢索与滑轮接触由动摩擦向静摩擦的转变过程。仿真结果与准静态实验结果的对比验证了模型的准确性,分析了钢索材料参数和末端载荷对钢索-滑轮系统动态响应以及钢索末端位移的影响。结果表明,钢索-滑轮系统的动态响应延迟时间由钢索材料特性及末端载荷决定;钢索末端位移主要受钢索刚度及末端载荷影响。相同条件下采用小比重钢索材料,适当增加末端载荷以增大钢索结构刚度,可减小系统传动中钢索的末端位移,有效提高钢索-滑轮传动系统的传动性能。     

Friction-induced vibration and noise generation of instrument panel material pairs

This study investigated the effect of various parameters of the friction–velocity relationship on the friction-induced vibration of simulated instrument panel components. The effect of subsystem stiffness and damping on the system response was also studied. A simple discretized model was utilized with subsystem properties that were intended to realistically model values of low, medium, and high stiffness components. Specifically, the metric of mean squared velocity was used as an indicator of the noise generated during the stick–slip process. It was found that the difference between the static and the asymptotic kinetic value of friction was the most important friction parameter in determining the resulting behavior. As stiffness and damping are increased, the mean squared velocity decreases. Additionally, results from single excursion tests on a variety of instrument panel material pairs showed good correlation between mean squared velocity and the difference in static and kinetic friction.     

Inverse identification of the mechanical parameters of a pipeline hoop and analysis of the effect of preload

To create a dynamic model of a pipeline system effectively and analyze its vibration characteristics, the mechanical characteristic parameters of the pipeline hoop, such as support stiffness and damping under dynamic load, must be obtained. In this study, an inverse method was developed by utilizing measured vibration data to identify the support stiffness and damping of a hoop. The procedure of identifying such parameters was described based on the measured natural frequencies and amplitudes of the frequency response functions (FRFs) of a pipeline system supported by two hoops. A dynamic model of the pipe-hoop system was built with the finite element method, and the formulas for solving the FRF of the pipeline system were provided. On the premise of selecting initial values reasonably, an inverse identification algorithm based on sensitivity analysis was proposed. A case study was performed, and the mechanical parameters of the hoop were identified using the proposed method. After introducing the identified values into the analysis model, the reliability of the identification results was validated by comparing the predicted and measured FRFs of the pipeline. Then, the developed method was used to identify the support stiffness and damping of the pipeline hoop under different preloads of the bolts. The influence of preload was also discussed. Results indicated that the support stiffness and damping of the hoop exhibited frequency-dependent characteristics. When the preloads of the bolts increased, the support stiffness increased, whereas the support damping decreased.     

机械结合面切向接触参数的织构效应分析

接触刚度和接触阻尼是表征机械结合面动力学性能的两个重要参数,而机械结合面的动力学性能很大程度上影响着整个机械系统的振动水平,因此对于接触参数的研究一直是相关学者关注的方向。介绍了一种测试机械连接界面切向接触刚度和接触阻尼的实验装置和方法,并将表面织构技术运用到机械结合面设计,通过实验测量分析初步探索了机械结合面切向接触参数的表面织构效应。     

摩擦作用下周期双参变激励齿轮系统非线性振动响应研究

研究了周期双参变激励齿轮系统在摩擦作用下的动力学响应,建立了考虑轮齿时变啮合刚度和齿间摩擦的单自由度扭转非线性振动模型,研究了摩擦因子、重合度、惯量比、刚度因子、阻尼因子、载荷分配系数等参数对齿轮系统非线性振动响应的影响。研究结果表明:摩擦对周期双参变激励齿轮系统非线性振动有重要的影响。     

考虑时变摩擦系数的微线段齿轮系统动态特性分析

结合微线段齿轮的啮合特性,将其啮合过程离散化,建立了微线段齿轮6自由度啮合耦合动力学模型,模型中考虑了时变摩擦系数、时变的基圆和压力角等非线性因素。采用数值积分法研究对比了渐开线齿轮和微线段齿轮在不同工况下的动力学响应,结合频谱图和分岔图分析了参数对微线段齿轮横向振动的影响以及摩擦系数对系统稳定性的影响,并通过试验对比微线段齿轮与渐开线齿轮在实际运转过程中的振动情况。结果表明,微线段齿轮相比渐开线齿轮振动更小,系统稳定性更好,在中高速重载下优势尤为明显。摩擦系数对于微线段齿轮的振幅影响较小,但是增大摩擦系数会使系统提前结束混沌响应。微线段齿轮箱在实际运转过程中的误差和振动更小,性能更好。     

高副接触机械零件弹流动力润滑研究新进展

弹性流体动力润滑是润滑理论的一个重要分支,也是关系到高副接触机械零件使用耐久性和可靠性的关键技术问题。计算机模拟仿真技术、数值计算方法和弹流测试技术的发展,推动了弹流润滑理论的发展和该理论在高副零件摩擦副设计中的广泛应用。综述齿轮、凸轮、轴承3种高副接触零件基于表面粗糙纹理、轮齿修形、有限长接触、热效应、镀层等因素的弹流润滑研究发展概况。指出现代弹流润滑理论虽然在高副接触零件中的应用已逐渐接近工程实际要求,能够较可靠地解决实际工况下的润滑难题,但在非稳态效应和真实粗糙表面对高副零件弹流润滑的影响方面,高副零件弹流润滑的多重参数耦合、计算机仿真及相关实验验证方面,还须进一步深入研究。