A single‐phase buck‐boost PFC converter with output‐voltage,ripple‐reducing operation

This paper describes a new single‐phase buck‐boost power‐factor‐correction (PFC) converter with output‐voltage, ripple reducing operation. The converter consists of a conventional buck‐boost PFC converter and an additional switch to obtain a freewheeling mode of the dc inductor current, and is operated by two modulators. The first modulator controls the buck‐boost switch to obtain PFC. The other modulator controls the square value of the instantaneous dc inductor current to perform the output‐voltage‐ripple‐reducing operation. In the two modulations, the time integral value of the input and output currents in each modulation period are controlled directly and indirectly, respectively. Thus, modulation errors or undesirable distortions of the input current and output voltage ripple are eliminated even if the dc inductor current produces large ripple in a low‐frequency range. The theories and combination techniques for the two modulators, implementation, and experimental results are described. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 126(2): 56–70, 1999     

A Multi-Functional Single-Stage Power Electronic Interface for Plug-In Electric Vehicles Application

This paper proposes a Zeta-derived non-isolated single-stage power electronic interface for on-board application of plug-in electric vehicles, which provides all modes (plug-in charging, propulsion, and regenerative braking) of vehicle operation. In addition, the proposed converter can charge the battery through universal input voltage range, i.e., 90–260 V due to buck/boost operations in plug-in charging mode. In propulsion and regenerative braking modes, the proposed converter operates as conventional boost and buck DC/DC converter, respectively. Compared to existing single-stage converters, the proposed converter has least components to those converters which have buck/boost operation in plug-in charging mode. A voltage/current stresses and loss analysis of the converter have been investigated for each mode of converter operation. Detailed simulation and experimental results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed converter.     

A new single‐phase high‐power‐factor converter with buck and buck–boost hybrid operation

In recent years, a wide variety of high‐power‐factor converter schemes have been proposed to solve the harmonic problem. The schemes are based on conventional boost, buck, or buck–boost topology, and their performance, such as output voltage control range in the boost and buck topology or efficiency in the buck–boost topology, is limited. To solve this, the authors propose a single‐phase high‐power‐factor converter with a new topology obtained from a combination of buck and buck–boost topology. The power stage performs the buck and buck–boost operations by a compact single‐stage converter circuit while the simple controller/modulator appropriately controls the alternation of the buck and buck–boost operation and maintains a high‐quality input current during both the buck and buck–boost operations. The proposed scheme results in a high‐performance rectifier with no limitation of output voltage control range and a high efficiency. In this paper, the principle and operation of the proposed converter scheme are described in detail and the theory is confirmed through experimental results obtained from 2‐kW prototype converter. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 131(3): 91–100, 2000     

基于脉冲宽度调制控制策略的零电流开关高功率因数AC/DC变换器

目前，对单级功率因素校正电路的研究大多集中在小功率应用领域，为此该文提出一种能够应用于中大功率场合、实现了零电流开关的单级高功率因数AC／DC变换器拓扑。通过在全桥变换器中增加辅助开关实现了PWM控制，它不仅能够在很宽的负载范围内实现零电流开关和功率因数校正，而且解决了全桥谐振电路中。在不采用移相控制的情况下，必须采用PWM控制策略的问题。与2级式功率因数校正电路相比，提高了动态响应的速度、降低了成本，并且开关管的电压应力较低。仿真和实验分析验证了变换器的优越性。     

Power Factor Correction Using Predictive Current Control for Three-phase Induction Motor Drive System

This paper presents the study of a three phase pulse width modulation inverter-fed induction motor drive with single phase utility input, with and without a power factor correction circuit (PFC). The PFC circuit is controlled with the proposed predictive current control. The effects of the PFC circuit on the magnitude of the input current, harmonic contents and input power factor of the AC drive system are studied. A comparative study of simulation and experimental results for the AC. drive system, with and without PFC circuit, is carried out. The experimental implementation of PFC control of the boost converter controlled three-phase IM drive system using DSP controller board DS1104 is achieved using the proposed predictive control. The proposed PFC control method used to achieve a low input line current harmonics, for obtaining a good power quality with a fast dynamic response for output voltage and line current.     

Application of duality principle to synthesis of single‐stage power‐factor‐correction voltage regulators

The duality principle is applied to derive new single‐stage power‐factor‐correction (PFC) voltage regulators. This paper begins with an application of duality transformation to conventional discontinuous‐conduction‐mode buck, buck‐boost and boost converters. The resulting dual converters operate in the discontinuous capacitor voltage mode. These new converters provide the same PFC property, but in the dual manner. It is proved that in the practical case of the input being a voltage source, the mandatory insertion of inductance between the voltage input and the ‘dual PFC converter’ does not affect the power‐factor‐correcting property. A new single‐stage PFC regulator is derived by taking the dual of a well‐known circuit based on a cascade of conventional boost and buck converters. Analytical design expressions are derived, illustrating the relation between current stress and component values. Experiments are performed to confirm the operation of the circuit and its power‐factor‐correcting capability. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental evaluation of active power factor correction techniques in a single-phase AC-DC boost converter

The increasing need to improve power quality with the reduction of the harmonic content of current and voltage waveforms has been intensively analyzed in several studies, thus motivating the proposal of many high power factor rectifiers based on the classic converters such as boost and buck-boost. Moreover, distinct control techniques have also been proposed due to the commercial availability of integrated circuits (ICs) dedicated to impose sinusoidal input currents in switch-mode power supplies (SMPSs). The boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is by far the most traditional choice for this purpose due to circuit simplicity and low electromagnetic interference (EMI) levels. Within this context, this work analyzes some of the most important control techniques used in power factor correction (PFC). The performance of a single-phase boost converter using peak current mode control (PCMC), average current mode control (ACMC), and one cycle control (OCC) is evaluated experimentally in detail. A comprehensive analysis of key aspects such as the input current waveform and respective harmonic content, dc output voltage, and dynamic response of the converter is also presented.     

A Pulsewidth Controlled AC-to-DC Converter to Improve Power Factor and Waveform of AC Line Current

As a method for improving power factor and waveform of ac line current drawn by an ac-to-dc converter a new pulsewidth controlled converter is proposed, its commutation mechanism is described, and experimental results are given which show a good power factor, a good waveform of the line current, and a wide adjustable range of dc output voltage.     

A new topology for nonisolated multiport zero voltage switching dc‐dc converter

In this paper, a new multiport zero voltage switching dc‐dc converter is proposed. Multiport dc‐dc converters are widely applicable in hybrid energy generating systems to provide substantial power to sensitive loads. The proposed topology can operate in 3 operational modes of boost, buck, and buck‐boost. Moreover, it has zero voltage switching operation for all switches and has the ability to eliminate the input current ripple; also, at low voltage side, the input sources can be extended. In addition, it has the ability of interfacing 3 different voltages only by using 3 switches. In this paper, the proposed topology is analyzed theoretically for all operating modes; besides, the voltage and current equations of all components are calculated. Furthermore, the required soft switching and zero input currents ripple conditions are analyzed. Finally, to demonstrate the accurate performance of the proposed converter, the Power System Computer Aided Design(PSCAD)/Electro Magnetic Transient Design and Control(EMTDC) simulation and experimental results are extracted and presented.     

Quasi‐active power factor correction on flyback‐based dc/dc converter

This paper presents a novel input current shaper based on a quasi‐active power factor correction (PFC) scheme. In this method, high power factor and low harmonic content are achieved by providing an auxiliary PFC circuit with a driving voltage which is derived from a third winding of the transformer of a cascaded dc/dc flyback converter. It eliminates the use of active switch and control circuit for PFC. The auxiliary winding provides a controlled voltage‐boost function for bulk capacitor without inducing a dead angle in the line current. Since the dc/dc converter operates at high switching frequency, the driving voltage is also of high switching frequency, which results in reducing the size of the magnetic components. Operating principles, analysis and experimental results of the proposed method are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of a novel four-level DC/DC boost converter

In this paper, novel two-quadrant buck/boost and one-quadrant boost four-level DC/DC power converters are introduced. The primary application for these converters is that of interfacing a low-voltage DC source, such as a fuel cell or battery, to a high-voltage four-level inverter. One important feature of the four-level DC/DC power converters proposed is the ability to perform the power conversion and balance the inverter capacitor voltages simultaneously. With the capacitor voltage balancing, it is possible to obtain the full voltage from the inverter. For the boost converter, the steady-state and nonlinear average-value (NLAM) models are developed. The NLAM is verified against a detailed simulation of a four-level converter/inverter drive system. The proposed converter is experimentally verified using an 18 kW converter/inverter system     

DC analysis and design of a PWM buck converter operated as a dynamic power supply

Modern energy transmission and signal reproduction techniques rely upon power amplifiers that must operate with high efficiency. An increasingly popular technique for addressing this problem involves replacing the fixed power amplifier supply voltage V _{D D} with a controlled, variable voltage provided by a dynamic power supply. Although pulse‐width modulated dc‐dc buck converters typically function as fixed‐output supplies, this paper provides new theoretical dc analysis for operation wherein the output voltage is controlled and continuously variable over a wide range. A design procedure for the variable‐output buck converter is derived. Key device parameters affecting converter speed and efficiency are identified. The dc analysis and design procedure are verified experimentally, with calculated and measured parameters shown to be in good agreement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Single‐Inductor Dual‐Output DC–DC Converter Design Using RC Ripple Regulator Method

In this paper, we have proposed Single‐Inductor Dual‐Output (SIDO) buck–buck and boost–boost dc–dc converter using improved RC ripple regulator control. The proposed SIDO buck–buck converter has the characteristics of low‐ripple and high control frequency. RC ripple regulator control cannot be applied to SIDO boost–boost converter because RC ripple regulator undergoes self‐excited oscillation and two self‐excited oscillating controllers make the SIDO converter unstable. Thus we proposed the priority circuit for RC ripple regulator control. The proposed control circuit improves response characteristic and simplicity of the control circuit. Simulations are performed to verify the validity of the proposed SIDO converter. Simulation results indicate good performance of the proposed SIDO converter.     

三相单开关Boost型功率因数校正器的简化大信号模型

三相单开关Boost型PFC电路 ,由于工作在不连续导电模式 ,分析起来十分繁琐 ,设计不得不采用“试凑法”。本文根据电路的工作原理 ,利用平均法 ,把原电路简化成一个工作于DCM的DC/DC变换器 ,使主电路的阶次由三降为一 ,简化模型可用于主电路参数设计 ,线性化处理之后 ,可在频域设计输出电压调节器 ,因此使该类电路的设计摆脱“试凑法”。对比性的仿真说明 ,简化模型能够反映原电路的低频大信号特性。样机的实验也说明有关分析正确     

Unified Pulse‐Width Modulation Scheme for Improved Digital‐Peak‐Voltage Control of Switching DC‐DC Converters

Contrast to conventional dependent double‐edge (DDE) pulse‐width modulation (PWM), independent double‐edge (IDE) PWM is investigated and applied to the control of switching dc‐dc converters, with improved digital‐peak‐voltage (IDPV) controlled buck converter in this paper. IDE modulation unifies all the PWM schemes reported up to now and is thus called as unified PWM. It is revealed that conventional trailing‐edge, leading‐edge, trailing‐triangle, and leading‐triangle modulations are special cases of IDE modulation. The control laws of IDPV controlled buck converter with IDE modulation are investigated and compared with those of IDPV with DDE modulation. Their stabilities and robustness are analyzed subsequently. Digital implementation of the unified PWM is also carried out. Steady‐state and transient performances of IDPV controlled buck converters with IDE modulation and DDE modulation are compared and verified by experimental results. It is concluded that steady‐state and transient performances of IDPV with IDE are better than those of IDPV with DDE modulation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PAM inverter system with power-factor-corrected converter

In most cases, PWM power-factor-corrected (PFC) converters are constructed from a diode rectifier and an active power circuit such as a boost or buck-boost chopper. Besides the PFC operation, the active power circuit can control the dc output voltage. The output voltage of the PAM inverters is controlled by varying the level of the dc input voltage. The PAM method reduces the voltage and current stresses of the inverter and motors. This paper proposes a new PAM inverter system with high power factor converter to obtain a sinusoidal input current. The proposed PAM method to reduce the torque ripple in the induction motor can reduce switching losses by providing a pausing interval where the switching operation stops during part of one period. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 124(2): 43–52, 1998     

A controlled PWM AC/DC converter for a high-speed brushless generator for minimum kVA rating

This paper proposes a control technique for an ac/dc converter and high-speed single-phase brushless ac generator topology with a reactive armature winding. An ac-to-dc pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) converter is used with phase angle control to deliver a controlled power factor for a wide speed range while maintaining a low kVA rating of the converter and the generator. The generator is a flux-switching machine, derived from a combination of the inductor alternator and the switched reluctance machine. The electrical characteristics of the generator are determined from open-circuit, short-circuit, and load tests performed on an experimental generator. A Simulink model is developed for the ac-to-dc PWM converter and the simulated voltage and current waveforms show that the kVA rating of the converter and the generator can be minimized through control of the power factor of the generator. This novel generator is shown to be simple to control and can be used for micro turbine applications and efficient low-cost independent power generation. The converter also allows the machine to be used as an integrated starter alternator.     

Soft‐switching converter with low circulating current and wide range of ZVS turn‐on

In this paper, a new hybrid dc–dc converter with low circulating current within the freewheeling interval, wide range of zero‐voltage switching and reduced output current ripple is presented. The proposed hybrid circuit includes two three‐level pulse‐width modulation converters and a series resonant converter with the shard lagging‐leg switches. Series resonant converter is operated at fixed switching frequency (close to series resonant frequency) to extend the zero‐voltage switching range of lagging‐leg switches. The output of series resonant converter is connected to the secondary sides of three‐level converters to produce a positive rectified voltage instead of zero voltage. Hence, the output inductances can be reduced. The reflected positive voltage is used to decrease the circulating current to zero during the freewheeling interval. Therefore, the circulating current losses in three‐level converters are improved. Finally, experiments are presented for a 1.44 kW prototype circuit converting 800 V input to an output voltage 24 V/60A. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fast‐scale instability in a PFC boost converter under average current‐mode control

This paper investigates the fast‐scale instability in a power‐factor‐correction (PFC) boost converter under a conventional average current‐mode control. The converter is operated in continuous mode. Computer simulations and theoretical analysis are performed to study the effects of the time‐varying input voltage under the variation of some chosen parameters on the qualitative behaviour of the system. It is found that fast‐scale instability may occur during a line cycle, which can cause distortion to the line current and degrade the practical power factor. The results provide useful information for the design of PFC boost converters to avoid distortion due to fast‐scale bifurcation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电流型脉冲序列控制单电感双输出Buck变换器

提出了一种电感电流断续工作模式(DCM)单电感双输出(SIDO)Buck变换器的电流型脉冲序列(PT)控制方法。为避免两路输出的交叉影响,应用时分复用理论,由时分复用信号决定两路输出中相应输出支路的调节,从而实现每一个输出支路的独立调节,避免了两个输出支路的交叉影响;通过在脉冲序列中加入空白脉冲,改善了变换器轻载时的瞬态响应及开关损耗;在控制回路中引入了电流环,实现主功率回路的逐周期限流。有别于传统电流型脉冲宽度调制(PWM)控制技术,电流型PT控制不需要误差放大器及相应的补偿网络,因此具有实现简单和瞬态响应快的优点。仿真与实验验证本文研究结果的正确性。