纳米TiO2添加剂对低黏度润滑油成膜性能的影响

为改善低黏度润滑油的摩擦磨损性能和成膜性能,选用纳米TiO₂为添加剂,低黏度的聚α烯烃（PAO8、PAO10）和聚醚（PAG）作为基础油,在四球式摩擦磨损实验机上考察纳米TiO₂添加剂对润滑油摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用点接触光弹流润滑试验台,研究不同速度、载荷下和纳米TiO₂添加量对润滑油成膜性能的影响。结果表明:加入一定质量分数的纳米TiO₂添加剂能够明显提高润滑油的抗磨减摩性能,在PAO8、PAG和PAO10基础油中分别加入质量分数0. 3%、0. 05%和0. 3%的纳米TiO₂时,摩擦因数和磨斑直径均最小;综合比较摩擦因数和磨斑直径,纳米TiO₂在PAO8基础油中表现出最好的抗磨减摩性能,摩擦因数减小了约54. 5%,磨斑直径降低了约10. 4%;随着卷吸速度的增加,润滑油的最小膜厚也逐渐增加,在相同卷吸速度下,与纯基础油相比,添加一定质量分数纳米TiO₂添加剂的最小膜厚明显增加;随着纳米TiO₂粒子添加量...     

有机多硫化物润滑添加剂的制备及其摩擦学性能

合成一种有机多硫化物(OP),用红外光谱仪对其结构进行分析,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机及SRV试验机考察其在基础油PAO10中的摩擦学性能。结果表明:添加剂OP具有优良的极压性能,并且在微动摩擦磨损试验机中表现出良好的抗磨减摩作用。用X射线光电子能谱仪对试球表面分析可知,有机多硫化物与金属表面发生化学反应,生成了含硫边界润滑膜,从而起到极压抗磨减摩的作用。     

油润滑条件下有机物修饰纳米铜颗粒改善铁基摩擦副摩擦磨损的研究

在球盘式摩擦磨损试验机上考察了有机物修饰的纳米铜颗粒作为50CC润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能;采用SEM和EDS分析了磨损表面形貌和表面膜元素组成。探讨了纳米铜颗粒的摩擦学作用机制：结果表明：有机物修饰的纳米铜颗粒作为添加剂能显著改善50CC润滑油的抗磨减摩性能,含0．05％纳米铜油样润滑下的摩擦因数与磨损量同基础油润滑下相比分别降低了27．6％与60％。分析后认为,纳米铜颗粒通过对摩擦表面进行修复及在摩擦表面成膜两种作用有效地改善了摩擦磨损性能。     

N-酰基谷氨酸在矿物油中的摩擦学性能研究

分别在油酸和月桂酸分子中引入氮,合成了2种新型的含氮润滑油添加剂——N-油酰基谷氨酸和N-月桂酰基谷氨酸。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了2种添加剂作为HVI350矿物基础油极压抗磨添加剂时的摩擦学性能,通过测定不同条件下的最大无卡咬负荷和磨斑直径及摩擦因数,分析和研究了载荷、摩擦时间、添加剂含量对矿物油最大无卡咬负荷和磨斑直径及摩擦因数的影响。试验结果表明:2种添加剂均可以明显提高基础油的承载能力和抗磨减摩性能,添加剂N-油酰基谷氨酸在矿物油中的承载能力明显优于N-月桂酰基谷氨酸,而N-月桂酰基谷氨酸对提高矿物基础油抗磨减摩性能的效果好于添加剂N-油酰基谷氨酸。试验还表明添加剂的含量并非越高越好,否则磨斑直径将增大。     

富勒烯与纳米二硫化钨极压抗磨协同性能研究

为探讨富勒烯与纳米二硫化钨的极压抗磨协同性能,利用四球试验机考察富勒烯与纳米二硫化钨复配后在PAO基础油中的摩擦学性能;采用扫描电子显微镜对试验钢球磨痕形貌进行分析,探究富勒烯与纳米二硫化钨的协同作用机制。结果表明:富勒烯与纳米二硫化钨单剂对PAO基础油减摩抗磨效果的改善不明显,而富勒烯与纳米二硫化钨复配后可明显提高油样的减摩抗磨性能,其中质量分数0.01%富勒烯与0.005%二硫化钨复配后减摩抗磨协同效果最优,这是因为富勒烯能够实现滚动摩擦,而纳米二硫化钨能够沉淀到磨损处,起到修复的作用,两者的协同作用,提高了基础油的抗磨减摩性能;富勒烯与纳米二硫化钨复配并不能提高基础油极压性能,这是因为富勒烯不能与纳米二硫化钨生成新的物质来提高基础油的承载能力。     

含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯添加剂在PAO10中的摩擦特性协同效应

合成一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂二羟乙基十八胺硼酸酯,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察其分别和磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三甲酚酯复配后在基础油PAO10中的摩擦学性能;采用扫描电子显微镜对磨损表面形貌进行分析。结果表明:合成的含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯复配后表现出比其单剂更优异的抗磨减摩性能,两者在摩擦学性能上具有很好的协同效应;极压性能随着磷元素含量的减少而变差;含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯复配后可使摩擦副表面磨痕变浅,磨斑减小。     

磨损条件对轴承钢低温离子渗硫层摩擦学行为的影响

采用低温离子渗硫技术在GCr15钢的表面制备了FeS固体润滑薄膜。在球-盘摩擦磨损试验机上对比研究了GCr15钢渗硫在不同磨损条件(工况和润滑条件)下的摩擦学性能。利用SEM观察分析了磨损表面形貌及成分,利用XPS分析了磨损表面边界润滑膜化合物的价态。结果表明:在改变工况的情况下,转速的增加会使FeS层作用下降,载荷的增加也会降低FeS层抗磨性能,但在一定转速下都存在一个可充分发挥FeS层减摩特性的载荷。使用极压抗磨添加剂不能改善渗硫层的减摩抗磨性能,但选用合适的添加剂可增强渗硫处理件的承载能力,提高其在恶劣工况下的磨损寿命。     

二维层状Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合材料的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

采用水热反应制备出β-Ni(OH)2,然后通过水热还原得到Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合粉体材料,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的相结构、成分及形貌进行表征分析。采用四球摩擦磨损试验机评价制备的Ni/β-Ni(OH)2作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,基础油为PAO6。摩擦试验后,采用SEM分析典型试验钢球磨斑的表面形貌,利用能谱仪(EDS)研究磨斑表面化学元素的组成,探讨Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨机制。结果表明:Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合材料作为润滑添加剂具有极好的减摩抗磨性能,显著优于基础油PAO6和未负载纳米Ni的二维β-Ni(OH)2层状材料;与基础油相比,添加0.1%质量分数Ni/β-Ni(OH)2添加剂的油样的摩擦因数和磨斑直径分别降低了17.6%和41.5%;Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合粉体综合了纳米Ni及层状β-Ni(OH)2两部分结构特性,在摩擦过程中,复合材料中的纳米金属粒子Ni与层状结构材料β-Ni(OH)2能够相互增强起到协同润滑作用。     

改性纳米h-BN润滑油添加剂对缸套-活塞环摩擦学性能的影响

在缸套-活塞环摩擦副中,当活塞在上、下止点处为零速,难以形成油膜,且在气缸的高温工况下,其他部位的油膜也会被破坏,从而造成缸套-活塞环的摩擦功耗增加和磨损加剧。采用优质润滑油是提高缸套-活塞环润滑与摩擦特性的重要手段。制备改性纳米六方氮化硼(h-BN)颗粒并将其按不同质量分数分散至聚α-烯烃（PAO10）基础油中,使用R-tec摩擦磨损试验机开展不同载荷下的往复摩擦试验,通过观测摩擦因数、磨损体积和缸套磨损表面、磨损元素及三维形貌参数,研究改性纳米h-BN添加剂对缸套材料摩擦学性能的影响以及减摩抗磨润滑机制。结果表明：加入改性纳米h-BN添加剂可以显著降低缸套-活塞环摩擦副的摩擦因数,减少磨损量,加入质量分数0.25%的添加剂在50 N、3 Hz工况下可使摩擦因数降低33.87%,磨损体积降低23.32%;在载荷及摩擦热作用下纳米h-BN添加剂可以在磨损表面形成摩擦保护膜,可以改善缸套的表面粗糙度,创造优良的润滑环境,提升其摩擦学性能。     

环保型纳米润滑材料的研究

从环保角度,选择了两种纳米材料作为润滑油抗磨、极压添加剂。介绍了纳米材料的制备,根据亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)选择了合适的表面活性剂,并将其加入到含有单种或两种复合纳米粒子的润滑油中进行表面改性,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定含纳米粒子的润滑油的摩擦学性能。结果表明:含纳米粒子的润滑油具有良好的抗磨减摩性能,且含复合纳米粒子的润滑材料的抗磨减摩性能比单种纳米粒子的润滑材料的抗磨减摩性能好。这里还探讨了纳米润滑材料的抗磨减摩机理。     

极压抗磨剂在GTL基础油中的感受性研究*

为探讨GTL基础油与常用极压抗磨剂感受性,分别将二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（T203）、磷酸三甲酚酯（T306）、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼（S-525）、钼胺络合物（MOLYVAN 855）、硫磷酸复酯胺盐（T307）、硫化异丁烯（T321）和合成酯（VANLUBE 7723）与GTL基础油进行调配,利用四球摩擦试验机分别考察单剂和复配后油样的最大无卡咬负荷、磨斑直径和摩擦因数。结果表明：T307、MOLYVAN 855在GTL基础油中极压性和抗磨性最优;T203和VANLUBE 7723复配、T203和MOLYVAN 855复配对GTL基础油极压性和抗磨性能提升明显,而T203和S-525复配具有最佳的减摩效果;T306分别和S-525、T307和T321复配时表现出的极压性能变化趋势相似,而T306和T307复配在表现出良好极压性能的同时,兼具有较好的减摩抗磨效果。     

Tribological Properties of Vegetable Oils Modified by Reaction with Butanethiol

Corn, canola, and castor-lauric estolide oils were chemically modified by photochemical direct reaction of butanethiol with the double bonds on the hydrocarbon chains. The effect of chemical modifications on viscosity, viscosity index (VI), pour point (PP), cloud point (CP), oxidation stability (RPVOT), 4-ball anti-wear (AW), and extreme pressure (EP) were investigated. The sulfide modified (SM) corn and canola oils showed increased viscosity, increased RPVOT time (more than one order of magnitude), reduced PP (9?C18 °C), and reduced VI. The SM estolide displayed similar trends in VI and RPVOT but showed no change in viscosity or cold flow. The SM oils, along with commercial mono- and polysulfide additives were also investigated as additives, at 0.6% (w/w) S concentration, in corn and polyalphaolefin (PAO) base fluids. In both fluids, the additives resulted in minor changes of PP, CP, coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter (WSD), and weld point (WP). Only the commercial polysulfide EP additive displayed large WP increases in the fluids. The additives resulted in no change of oxidation stability of corn oil, but displayed big improvement in the oxidation stability of PAO (8 to 16-fold increase in RPVOT time). The difference in the effect of the additives on the oxidation stability of PAO versus corn oil was attributed to the difference in the reactive hydrogen contents in the two base fluids relative to those in the additives. An empirical equation, for correlating change in RPVOT time with change in bond dissociation energy of reactive protons before and after chemical modification, is proposed.     

全合成重负荷工业齿轮油的研制

以合成油为基础油，选用性能优良的硫磷型复合添加剂，配以其他功能剂，研制了具有优良极压抗磨性氧化安定性、抗乳化性、抗泡性等的全合成重负荷工业齿轮油。该油品适用温度范围广，具有良好的低温启动性能，产品符合美钢224标准及国标GB5903-1995中重负荷工业齿轮油同等粘度级别规格标准。     

水溶性磺酸盐在难燃液压液中的性能研究

为提高环境友好型润滑油极压抗磨添加剂三嗪衍生物的水溶性,将水溶性和防锈性良好的官能团磺酸盐引入三嗪衍生物,合成2种含磺酸盐的三嗪衍生物STB和STC,并评价其在水-乙二醇难燃液压液(HFC)中的理化性能和摩擦学性能。结果表明:STB和STC水基润滑添加剂在HFC中能够起到很好的极压抗磨减摩作用,其中质量分数2%STB和1%STC可使HFC的极压值提高到696 N,相比基础油液的极压值提高了109%。SEM和XPS分析结果表明,添加剂在摩擦过程中发生了化学反应,生成了无机硫化物和有机氮等组成的复杂边界润滑膜,从而起到了良好的抗磨减摩作用。     

基于正交试验的含氮硼酸酯铝材轧制润滑油摩擦学性能研究

合成一种新型含氮硼酸酯铝材轧制润滑油添加剂,利用四球试验机考察添加含氮硼酸酯的铝材轧制润滑油的油膜强度、摩擦因数,通过显微镜观察磨斑形貌并测量磨斑直径。利用正交试验法评估极压剂含量、基础油种类、四球试验机载荷和转速对含氮硼酸酯润滑油摩擦学性能的影响,并通过多目标优化设计,对4种参数对铝材轧制润滑油摩擦学性能的强化效果进行综合研究。结果表明:各工艺参数对油样的摩擦学性能影响显著性由大到小依次为极压剂添加量、基础油种类、转速和载荷;经过多目标优化设计,得到的含氮硼酸酯铝材轧制润滑油强化工艺参数的最佳组合:极压剂质量分数为1.0%,基础油种类为D100,载荷为294 N,转速为1 200 r/min;通过极差、方差等分析,发现极压剂添加量和基础油种类对油样的摩擦学性能有显著影响。     

油品组成对蜗杆副承载能力的影响

通过对15种不同添加剂配方的试验蜗轮蜗杆油进行胶合承载能力台架评定试验，以考查不同类型、不同含量的极压抗磨剂、油性剂等对蜗轮蜗杆承载能力影响的结果。     

Influence of polymeric fluid additives in EHL rolling/sliding line contacts

The effect of polymeric fluid additives on EHL behavior of rolling/sliding line contacts is investigated numerically at low as well as high loads. The polymer-modified oil is represented by a homogeneous mixture of Newtonian base oil and power law fluid with varying concentration, viscosity ratio and power law index. The Reynolds equation incorporating the mixed rheological fluid model is derived using perturbation method. The EHL characteristics computed for polymer-modified oils are found to depend upon the effective viscosity of the lubricant mixture which is governed by the superposition of shear thinning behavior and piezo-thickening effect of the polymeric fluid additive. Since the reference viscosity of polymeric fluid additives is much higher than that of base oil, therefore, polymer-modified oils are shown to yield thicker fluid films in most of the cases. The results show a significant variation in maximum fluid pressure and minimum fluid film thickness with the volume fraction, reference viscosity ratio and power law index of the polymeric fluid additive.     

Synthesis and properties of trimethylolpropane trioleate as lubricating base oil

Trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO) has been prepared by esterification of oleic acid with trimethylolpropane (TMP) without solvent in the presence of solid acid catalyst. The synthesised TMPTO was characterised by infrared spectroscopy, and its physicochemical properties were also evaluated. The compatibilities of TMPTO as lubricant base stock with several conventional additives for mineral oils were investigated. The results showed that the synthesised TMPTO exhibited excellent viscosity–temperature property and low temperature fluidity, high flash point, good foaming stability, hydrolytic stability, and lubricity. In addition, TMPTO possessed good compatibility with conventional additives designed for mineral oils. In particular, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates as extreme pressure and anti‐wear additive exhibited good extreme pressure and anti‐wear properties in TMPTO. Therefore, the synthesised TMPTO can be used as potential lubricating base oil due to its excellent comprehensive performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

油品组成对蜗杆副传动效率的影响

通过对15种不同添加剂配方的试验蜗轮蜗杆油进行传动效率台架评定试验,以考察不同类型、不同含量的极压抗磨剂、油性剂等对蜗杆副传动效率的影响结果.     

Silver-Organic Oil Additive for High-Temperature Applications

Modern lubricants face the task of providing lubrication over a wide range of temperatures, and extreme engine temperatures can exceed the thermal degradation limits of many engine oils. Soft metal additives can extend the life of engine oils at very high temperatures by providing solid lubrication to contacting surfaces. We report a new silver–organic complex which contains a high metal content and minimal supporting organic ligands. This silver pyrazole–pyridine complex is evaluated as a friction-reducing and anti-wear additive in engine oil at testing temperatures which thermally degrade the base oil. Two sets of ball-on-disk tests are performed: the first at a constant temperature of 200 °C and the second while increasing the chamber temperature from 180 to 330 °C. At 200 °C, the wear is considerably reduced compared with the base oil when the silver-organic additive is present at 2.5–5.0 wt%. Furthermore, the silver-based additive at 20 wt% in oil induces a remarkable friction reduction during the temperature ramp test, so much, so that the tribological transition from the oil as the primary lubricant to its degradation, and to the silver additive as the primary lubricant, is imperceptible.