晶体硅太阳电池背面套印图形设计对电池性能和组件性能的影响

以晶体硅太阳电池背面套印图形为研究对象,通过设计背电场和背电极套印方式以及背电极图形,对背面不同套印图形的接触电阻、电池的电性能和组件性能进行研究。研究结果表明:背面铝背场和银电极在重叠面积为4.35%,且背电极蜈蚣脚间距为1 mm时的接触电阻最小,电池效率提升最大,同时组件输出功率增益最多。该研究为晶体硅太阳电池背面套印图形设计和背电极图形的优化提供指导。     

具有双层背电极的非晶硅太阳电池热稳定性研究

提出一种采用铬的硅化物／铝的双层背电极的新型非晶硅ＰＩＮ太阳电池结构。研究了铬的硅化物的特性和具有双层背电极非晶硅ＰＩＮ太阳电池的热稳定性。金属硅化物能有效地阻档两侧铝原子和硅原子的相互热扩散，从而可大大改善非晶硅太阳电池的热稳定性。     

柔性衬底太阳电池陷光结构的研究

讨论了粗糙聚酰亚胺(PI)衬底和具有较高粗糙度的背反射电极对柔性衬底薄膜太阳电池的影响.选择具有天然纹路的PI作为太阳电池的衬底增加光在电池中的光程.采用热辐射加热蒸发方法显著提高铝背反射电极的粗糙度,它是常规方法制备的约4倍.粗糙PI和背反射电极形成的陷光结构使电池的短路电流提高了2mA/cm2,量子响应(QE)短波部分得到提高且最高点红移.经QE和原子力测试表明,电池效率提高的主要原因是粗糙的背反射电极导致面电极ZnO的形貌发生明显变化所致.     

醋酸对晶体硅太阳电池组件影响

主要阐述醋酸对晶体硅太阳电池组件中涂锡铜带的影响,醋酸对太阳电池的腐蚀特性以及对太阳电池组件性能的影响。实验结果表明：（1）稀醋酸使涂锡铜焊带发生电化学腐蚀,产生氧化黄变,此腐蚀对其电阻率影响较小;（2）稀醋酸腐蚀电池片表面银电极和铝背场,使银电极变黑,铝背场与硅片的附着力下降,对电池片造成损害影响其电性能;（3）组件在湿热试验过程中EVA发生老化反应,产生的醋酸会有腐蚀封装其中的涂锡铜焊带和太阳电池,使串联电阻Rs增大,填充因子FF降低,组件输出功率降低。     

工业化薄晶体硅太阳电池背电极浆料

对薄晶体硅太阳电池的生产工艺和材料进行了试验.通过调整背电极浆料和电池基片厚度,探索了减少太阳电池弯曲度的途径.试验显示,使用薄片铝浆对电池弯曲度的影响有明显改善,弯曲度可降低52%,电池片弯曲度最小为0.55 mm.     

柔性衬底硅基薄膜太阳电池阻挡层的研究

研究了不同厚度的ZnO阻挡层对柔性衬底倒结构太阳电池的性能及均匀性的影响。在此基础上,使用金属镍(Ni)代替ZnO作为背电极和硅基薄膜之间的阻挡层,改善了太阳电池的均匀性。在聚酰亚胺柔性衬底上采用PECVD法制备出了面积为4cm×4cm、重量比功率超过200W/kg的倒结构硅基薄膜太阳电池。     

PECVD工艺制备的背面氮化硅薄膜对双面单晶硅太阳电池EL发黑的影响

以采用PECVD工艺制备的背面氮化硅薄膜对双面单晶硅太阳电池电致发光(EL)发黑的影响为研究对象进行了实验验证.结果表明,当背面氮化硅薄膜中底层膜的折射率较低时,会导致双面单晶硅太阳电池背电极位置的EL发黑;底层膜和中层膜的折射率过高时,会导致双面单晶硅太阳电池的EL大面积发黑;上层膜边缘的折射率较高时,会导致双面单晶...     

Al_2O_3背钝化太阳电池量产工艺研究

通过在大规模工业生产线上进行Al2O3背钝化太阳电池试制,对最终结果进行分析研究,总结出对Al2O3背钝化太阳电池有着主要影响的工艺过程与工艺步骤,为Al2O3背钝化太阳电池的生产提供参考。     

产业化晶硅太阳电池串联电阻研究

详细研究了产业化晶硅太阳电池生产中,电池正面电极体电阻、发射极横向电阻,以及正面电极与发射极结区金/半接触电阻对晶硅太阳电池串联电阻的具体影响。通过实验,文章给出了一种既经济又能有效降低电池串联电阻、提升晶硅太阳电池光电转换效率的优化方法。     

石墨烯及其衍生物在钙钛矿太阳电池中的应用

石墨烯及其衍生物具有良好的电子传导能力、独特的材料结构,以及优异的光电和机械性能,因此被广泛应用于钙钛矿太阳电池中,以提高电池的光电转换效率和性能稳定性。综述了石墨烯及其衍生物作为电极材料、电子传输层和空穴传输层时在钙钛矿太阳电池中的研究进展,并指出了其在未来的发展重点。     

Cost effective process for high-efficiency solar cells

A new method for patterning the rear passivation layers of high-efficiency solar cells with a mechanical scriber has been developed and successfully adapted to fabricate high-efficiency passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC). Three types of the rear contact patterns: dot patterns with a photolithography process, line and dashed line patterns with a mechanical scriber process have been processed in order to optimize the rear contact structure. An efficiency of 19.42% has been achieved on the mechanical-scribed (MS)-PERC solar cell on 0.5 Ω cm p-type FZ-Si wafer and is comparable to that of conventional PERC solar cells fabricated by using photolithography process. The mechanical scriber process shows great potential for commercial applications by achieving high efficiency above 20% and by significantly reducing the fabrication costs without an expensive photolithography process. Low-cost Ni/Cu metal contact has been formed by using a low-cost electroless and electroplating. Nickel silicide formation at the interface enhances stability and reduces the contact resistance resulting in an energy conversion efficiency of 20.2% on 0.5 Ω cm FZ wafer.     

Effect of silicon solar cell processing parameters and crystallinity on mechanical strength

Silicon wafer thickness reduction without increasing the wafer strength leads to a high breakage rate during subsequent handling and processing steps. Cracking of solar cells has become one of the major sources of solar module failure and rejection. Hence, it is important to evaluate the mechanical strength of solar cells and influencing factors. The purpose of this work is to understand the fracture behavior of silicon solar cells and to provide information regarding the bending strength of the cells. Triple junctions, grain size and grain boundaries are considered to investigate the effect of crystallinity features on silicon wafer strength. Significant changes in fracture strength are found as a result of metallization morphology and crystallinity of silicon solar cells. It is observed that aluminum paste type influences the strength of the solar cells.     

太阳电池内部电阻对其输出特性影响的仿真

通过对太阳电池的等效电路进行分析,建立了太阳电池的计算机仿真模型,定量地模拟了在一定光照下太阳电池内部的等效并联电阻及串联电阻对其伏安特性、开路电压、短路电流及填充因子的影响的程度。仿真结果表明：等效并联电阻产生的漏电流会影响太阳电池的反向特性和正向小偏压特性,且并联电阻影响其开路电压,但对短路电流基本没有影响；等效串联电阻会影响太阳电池的正向伏安特性和短路电流,而对开路电压没有影响；另外,并联电阻的减小和串联电阻的增大都会使太阳电池的填充因子和光电转换效率降低。仿真结果与实际测量的数据取得了相一致的结论。     

太阳电池非等宽主栅前电极栅线的优化设计

为提高太阳电池转换效率,降低生产成本,分析太阳电池功率损失机制,建立非等宽主栅太阳电池总体相对功率损失模型。通过求解该模型得到太阳电池最佳前电极栅线形状尺寸参数。采用PC1D软件进行仿真分析得到太阳电池的光电转换效率,该结果与理论值匹配度较高;当主栅线数为2～6时,非等宽主栅结构太阳电池相比于典型的等宽栅线结构太阳电池,光电转换效率分别提高了0.10%、0.09%、0.10%、0.09%和0.09%;主栅线总体积分别减少了0.72、0.68、0.64、0.58和0.47 mm³;细栅线总体积的增加量不超过0.07 mm³。表明非等主栅前电极栅线结构不仅提高了光电转换效率,也降低了银浆的使用量。     

Atomistic simulations of anisotropic mechanical behavior in non-stoichiometric gadolinia-doped ceria solid electrolytes

Gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC), as an electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells, reduces its mechanical property when exposed to reducing conditions. In this paper, the anisotropic mechanical behavior of non-stoichiometric GDC solid electrolytes is investigated by using the molecular dynamics (MD) method. It is found that the oxygen vacancies whether from doping Gd³⁺ ions or generating Ce³⁺ ions by reduction have a serious impact on the mechanical properties such as phase transformation and fracture strength. The defect-dependent tensile strength is observed to be consistent with reported experimental measurements. Moreover, increasing temperature reduces the fracture strength. The influence of temperature on the critical nucleation stress and the fluorite phase strength is further analyzed. Beyond that, GDC undergoes volumetric expansion due to non-stoichiometric effects. The linear chemical strain and coefficient of compositional expansion (CCE) are calculated and compared with the experimental results.     

多晶PERC太阳电池的背面与正面结构性能优化

多晶硅太阳电池以其价格低廉的优势成为低成本太阳电池的首选,但其光电转换效率提升空间有限。钝化发射极和背面电池（PERC）技术是当前晶硅太阳电池提效的主要途径。多晶PERC电池结合了多晶硅电池的低成本和PERC电池的高效,是当前多晶硅电池的研究热点。本文研究了多晶PERC电池的背面和正面结构优化与设计,提出了提高多晶PERC电池效率的产业化技术方法。通过在硅片背面用三层SiN_x:H薄膜来代替常规双层SiN_x:H薄膜,在保证优良的背面钝化的同时,使电池长波响应得到改善,电池光电转换效率由20.19% 提升至20.26%。优化多晶PERC电池的背面激光开窗工艺,使多晶电池效率较常规工艺提升0.11%。而在多晶PERC电池的正面叠加选择性发射极技术,可较常规工艺提升电池效率0.10%。综合运用多种提效手段有利于保持多晶PERC电池的竞争力。     

风电叶片子部件测试平台构建及拉挤板材力学特性研究

为探究风电叶片强度测试体系与拉挤板材力学行为,首先提出一种用于风电叶片金字塔结构测试技术,提出子部件试验新概念;其次进行子部件测试平台机械结构、液压系统及控制方案的设计,并利用有限元分析进行验证;最后基于所设计测试平台对子部件,即拉挤板材进行静力试验。结果表明：风电叶片金字塔结构的测试方案准确可行;部件试验设备最大应力发生在加载支架后梁,最大应力为242.5 MPa,最大位移为1.049 mm,未超其结构应力应变极限;拉挤板材破坏载荷为800 kN,失效变形形态包括弹性、屈服和断裂3个阶段,有限元分析数据与试验结果吻合较好,最终结果可为全尺寸叶片测试局部失效状况提供数据参考。     

基于双指数模型的太阳电池输出特性计算机模拟

以双指数形式太阳电池理论模型为基础，用实验数据拟合太阳电池的I-V特性。然后利用获得的重要待定参数的拟合值对太阳电池的I-V和P-V特性计算机模拟，并分析了它们对太阳电池性能的不同影响机制。     

太阳能固体吸附式制冰机运行特性的实验及理论分析

对太阳能固体吸附式制冰机进行了大量的实验研究，实测出太阳能制冰机在外界不同太阳辐射能量下的性能特性。对太阳能固体吸附式制冰机进行了传热、传质数值计算，计算结果与实验吻合较好。用所建立的数学模型对太阳能制冰机进行了符合实际环境工况的性能分析，并对中国西部西藏地区气候资源条件下的太阳能制冷效果作了具体分析。研究工作从理论与实验相结合的角度较为客观地分析了太阳能制冰机实用化前景。     

The effect of rear surface polishing to the performance of thin crystalline silicon solar cells

As the thickness of crystalline silicon solar cells decreases, light loss cannot be avoided due to the absorption limit in long wavelength light. Internal rear side reflection can be enhanced by polishing the rear surface. The rear polishing processes are performed before the texturing and before and after doping the emitter layer to optimize the solar cell fabrication process sequences. All cells made by rear surface polishing showed improved light trapping in long wavelength region (900-1100 nm) compared to that in the conventional cells. However, silicon solar cells fabricated by rear polishing before and after doping have similar (35.5 mA/cm²) or lower (35.26 mA/cm²) short circuit current density compared to the cells produced by the conventional process (35.59 mA/cm²) due to pore damage to the anti-reflection layer and the surface of the emitter layer during rear polishing. This surface damage was effectively prevented adapting the rear surface polishing before the front surface texturing, which led to increasing the current density from 35.59 to 36.29 mA/cm².