淬火温度对7Ni钢低温力学性能的影响

使用OM、SEM、TEM和XRD等手段观察并表征在不同温度淬火的7Ni钢的组织形貌和逆转奥氏体含量的变化,研究了淬火温度对7Ni钢的低温强度和低温韧性的影响。结果表明:当淬火温度从830℃提高到930℃时钢的低温韧性急剧下降,低温抗拉强度和屈服强度明显降低。同时,随着淬火温度的提高延伸率下降,与低温强度的变化趋势基本一致。在830℃淬火的试验钢,原奥氏体晶粒和马氏体板条束最为细小。而当淬火温度超过830℃时钢中的原奥氏体晶粒和马氏体板条束都显著长大,钢的低温强度和低温韧性随着晶粒尺寸与板条束宽度的增大而下降,粗化的组织对钢的低温强度与低温韧性都有不利的影响。随着淬火温度的提高钢中的逆转奥氏体含量基本上呈下降趋势,在830℃淬火的试验钢中逆转奥氏体含量最高,其低温冲击功也最高。     

热处理工艺路径对9Ni低温钢组织和性能的影响

对9Ni低温钢进行淬火＋回火（QT）、淬火＋淬火＋回火（QQT）不同工艺路径的热处理试验,分析了不同热处理工艺路径下9Ni低温钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明：不同的热处理工艺路径直接影响9Ni低温铜最终的性能。相较于淬火＋回火（QT）工艺路径,采用含有两相区淬火的QQT工艺能明显提高9Ni低温铜的低温韧性,但降低强度。在淬火＋回火（QT）工艺路径下,随着回火温度的升高,9Ni钢回火析出组织更加充分均匀,其低温韧性呈上升趋势。在淬火＋淬火＋回火（QQT）工艺路径下,9Ni钢的低温韧性随两相区淬火温度的升高呈下降趋势。     

回火温度对5.5Ni低温钢组织和力学性能的影响

用XRD,SEM及TEM等手段表征5.5Ni钢在不同回火温度下逆转变奥氏体的含量、形貌和尺寸等的变化,研究了回火温度对5.5Ni钢力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:在580-600℃回火后5.5Ni钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度变化不明显;在620℃回火后抗拉强度小幅度提高,屈服强度却大幅度降低,延伸率持续升高;在580-620℃回火,随着回火温度的提高5.5Ni钢中的逆转变奥氏体体积分数虽逐渐增加,冲击功却不断降低。稳定程度高且细小均匀弥散分布的片层状逆转变奥氏体,是在580℃回火后冲击功高达148 J的主要原因。钢中有两类逆转变奥氏体,一类是片层状的,宽度为20 nm,长度不一,有利于提高钢的低温韧性;另一类是块状的,呈团簇状分布,尺寸约为200 nm,对钢的低温韧性有害。     

回火温度对两相区退火海工钢组织和性能的影响

对690 MPa级海工钢进行“淬火+两相区退火+回火”三步热处理,研究了回火温度对其组织和性能的影响、分析了力学性能变化与组织演变和残余奥氏体体积分数之间的关系。结果表明：回火后实验钢的显微组织为回火贝氏体/马氏体、临界铁素体和残余奥氏体的混合组织。随着回火温度的提高贝氏体/马氏体和临界铁素体逐渐分解成小尺寸晶粒,而残余奥氏体的体积分数逐渐增加;屈服强度由787 MPa降低到716 MPa,塑性和低温韧性明显增强,断后伸长率由20.30%增至29.24%,-40℃下的冲击功由77 J提升至150 J。残余奥氏体体积分数的增加引起裂纹扩展功增大,是低温韧性提高的主要原因。贝氏体/马氏体的分解和残余奥氏体的生成,引起组织细化、晶粒内低KAM值位错的比例逐渐提高和小角度晶界峰值的频率增大,使材料的塑性和韧性显著提高。     

两相区淬火对7Ni钢微观组织和力学性能的影响

利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和热膨胀仪,研究两相区淬火温度和保温时间对7Ni钢显微组织及力学性能的影响。基于热膨胀曲线,定量地测量了7Ni钢在淬火+两相区淬火+回火(QLT)工艺各阶段的逆转奥氏体生成量及转变速率,揭示逆转奥氏体的转变过程。结果表明:逆转奥氏体在QLT工艺中的转变依次经历了淬火保温、淬火冷却、回火保温、回火冷却四个过程。适当升高两相区淬火温度和延长保温时间,有利于回火过程中逆转奥氏体的转变,并促进其均匀分布,从而使7Ni钢强度降低,塑韧性增强。两相区淬火工艺为660℃保温30min时,7Ni钢综合力学性能达到最佳,并完全满足标准ASTM A553规定的9Ni钢的力学性能要求。     

国产5Ni钢的显微组织

本文分析了_5Ni 钢淬火、低温回火、高温回火等不同热处理状态的显微组织。_5Ni 钢中存在的逆转奥氏体,对提高钢的韧性可能起了重要作用。     

MICROSTRUCTURE OF 5Ni STEEL

本文分析了_5Ni 钢淬火、低温回火、高温回火等不同热处理状态的显微组织。_5Ni 钢中存在的逆转奥氏体,对提高钢的韧性可能起了重要作用。     

两相区保温时间对QLT处理9Ni钢组织及性能的影响

将淬火态9Ni钢加热至670℃保温不同时间后水冷并回火.然后采用XRD法测定了实验钢中的逆转变奥氏体含量,进而分析了两相区保温时间对最终组织及性能的影响.结果表明:两相区保温时间为5 min时,其淬火组织特征与QT工艺较为接近;保温时间在10～30 min时,获得的组织与QT淬火后的组织产生明显的差异,组织中的大角度晶界显著增加,促进了回火过程中逆转变奥氏体的形成及钢低温韧性的改善;保温超过30 min后两相区淬火的特征逐渐减弱,钢的组织和性能再次趋近于QT处理,但当两相区保温时间更长时钢的低温韧性略有增加,这可能是由于钢中Ni元素的分布更加不均匀,促进了富Ni区形成更加稳定的逆转变奥氏体.     

回火方式对调质高强度钢组织和性能的影响

为改善高强度钢的塑性和韧性,对同一种低合金高强度钢进行两种不同回火方式的调质处理,淬火+缓慢加热回火的传统调质与淬火+感应加热回火的新调质工艺,分析该工艺对钢的组织与性能的影响.利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察组织及析出物的变化,采用X射线衍射仪分析了钢中残余奥氏体体积分数.结果表明:两种工艺下,钢的组织均为板条宽300～500 nm左右的马氏体组织,感应加热回火调质工艺处理后,板条组织明显,析出物大多约为20 nm,比传统调质处理后的细小;两种不同热处理工艺均能提高钢的屈服强度.感应加热至500℃回火后试验钢具有16%以上的延伸率,-40℃冲击功达到32 J,优于传统调质工艺处理钢板的综合性能.感应加热回火能获得更多小尺寸析出物和更多的残余奥氏体,有利于改善钢的塑性和韧性.     

两次淬火对HSLA钢组织和冲击韧性的影响

研究了两次淬火+回火和传统的一次淬火+回火热处理对HSAL钢的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在不显著降低强度的条件下,两次淬火使实验钢的冲击功明显提高,还改善了低温韧性和稳定性。两次淬火回火热处理可细化钢的组织,使原始奥氏体晶粒的尺寸和有效晶粒尺寸减小、大角度界面的密度和解离裂纹的扩展偏折频率提高。组织的细化和大角度晶界的增多抑制了裂纹的扩展,使韧性大幅度提高。     

The influence of copper addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of thermomechanically processed microalloyed steels

The present study concerns the influence of Cu addition on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of directly air-cooled microalloyed thin-gauge steel. For this purpose, 1.5 wt% Cu was added to a Ti–B microalloyed steel. It is known that Ni addition to Cu-containing steel is beneficial to eliminate hot shortness caused by Cu. Therefore, the effect of Ni addition (half that of Cu in wt%) on the microstructure formation and mechanical properties has also been studied. Microstructures and mechanical properties of the directly air-cooled steels have demonstrated that addition of 1.5 wt% Cu along with 0.8 wt% Ni in Ti–B microalloyed steel results in a dual phase-like microstructure, which yielded attractive tensile strength (746 MPa) and ductility (31%). However, Cu addition deteriorated the impact toughness of the directly air-cooled Ti–B microalloyed steels.     

Effect of Cu addition on microstructure and impact toughness in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels

The effects of Cu content on microstructure and impact toughness in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of high-strength low-alloy steels were investigated. It has been observed that the microstructure in the simulated CGHAZ of Cu-free steel is dominated by a small proportion of acicular ferrite and predominantly bainite with martensite–austenite constituent. Whereas, in the 0.45 and 1.01% Cu-containing steels, the acicular ferrite increased significantly due to the effective nucleation on intragranular inclusions with outer layer of MnS and CuS. The formation of acicular ferrite is attributed to superior high heat-affected zone impact toughness in the 0.45% Cu-containing steel. Furthermore, the increasing martensite–austenite constituent and ε-Cu precipitates in the simulated CGHAZ of 1.01% Cu-containing steel caused degradation in impact toughness.     

时效温度对00Cr12Ni10MoTi马氏体时效不锈钢组织与性能的影响

使用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸和冲击实验等手段,研究了时效温度对00Cr12Ni10MoTi马氏体时效不锈钢的组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着时效温度的升高,实验钢的强度逐渐提高,析出强化效应明显增强。在500℃时效后基体中析出大量棒状Ni₃Ti,实验钢的强度达到峰值。随着时效温度的升高,实验钢的室温和低温冲击韧性衰减,在400℃时效后低温(-196℃)冲击功出现最低值51 J。时效温度升高到500℃后,实验钢的冲击韧性回升,因为马氏体基体中生成的逆转变奥氏体抑制了裂纹萌生并缓解其扩展。在500℃时效产生了Ni₃Ti析出强化效应和逆变奥氏体韧化效应,使实验钢具有良好的强韧性匹配。     

Effect of ageing on the mechanical properties of directly quenched copper bearing microalloyed steels

The present work aims to study the ageing behaviour of directly quenched Cu-added microalloyed steels. Temperatures related to precipitation of Cu and recovery of dislocations retained in the microstructure after quenching of the steels from finish rolling temperature are determined by differential scanning calorimetric method. Ageing of the directly quenched steels has resulted in the reduction in hardness and strength with concomitant improvement of ductility. 1.5 wt% Cu-added Ti–B microalloyed steel has yielded the most attractive combination of strength and ductility. Presence of Ni in the 1.5 wt% Cu-added Ti–B microalloyed steel indicates sluggish kinetics of Cu precipitation. Ageing has generally deteriorated the impact toughness except for Ni containing Cu-added microalloyed steel above −25 °C temperature. Formation of recovered dislocation cells and fine ?-Cu precipitates during ageing have contributed to the microstructural softening and hardening, respectively.     

Effects of Mn and Cu on the Mechanical Properties of a High Strength Low Alloy NiCrMoV Steel

The present study focuses on the effects of Mn and Cu on the mechanical properties, in particular, strength and toughness of a low alloy steel containing Ni, Cr, Mo and V. Specimens with different amounts of Mn (0.23%-0.85%) and Cu (0.15%-0.45%) were cast and forged, and then austenitized at 870℃for 1 h, followed by oil quenching. All specimens were tempered at 650℃for 1 h. The results show that as the amounts of Mn and Cu increase respectively from 0.35% to 0.85% and from 0.15% to 0.45%, the yield and tensile strength increase. The highest impact energies were observed in the specimen with 0.35% Mn and in the specimen with 0.25% Cu. The impact energy decreases with increasing the Mn and Cu from 0.35% to 0.85% and from 0.25% to 0.45%, respectively. Furthermore, the variation of Mn and Cu does not cause a considerable change in the tempered martensite microstructure. The optimum strength and toughness is observed in 0.35% Mn containing steel and in the 0.25% Cu containing steel.     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of high strength 3–9% Ni-steel alloys weld metals produced by electron beam welding

The microstructures and mechanical properties of weld metals of high strength steels having 3–9% Ni content have been investigated with getting a better insight into the role of retained austenite. The weld metals were produced autogenously by electron beam welding (EBW) process. The results showed that once Ni content exceeded 4% prior austenitic grains of the weld metals were rapidly coarsened and solidified into a cellular dendritic structure. The content of retained austenite increased with Ni addition and was preferentially distributed along the lath boundary, edges of coalesced bainite, cellular dendritic boundaries and at prior austenite grain boundaries. Retained austenite morphology was also changed on increasing nickel content from a discontinuous film into a continuous one. The impact toughness for half-size specimens has shown a significant drop from 126 J to 40 J when Ni content increased from 3% to 5%, while further addition of Ni partially recovered the toughness. Thorough investigation of fracture surface of weld metals, after impact test, elucidated that retained austenite was beneficial and has an effective role in reducing the detrimental effect of coalesced bainite that formed in the microstructure.     

The role of Cu and Al addition on the microstructure and fracture characteristics in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels with superior toughness

The effects of Cu and Al addition on the microstructure and fracture in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of high-strength low-alloy steels with superior toughness were studied and compared with the X70 pipeline base steel counterpart. The microstructure in base steel was dominated by a small fraction of acicular ferrite and predominantly bainite. However, acicular ferrite microstructure was obtained in Cu-bearing steel, which nucleated on complex oxide with outer layer of MnS and CuS because of Cu addition. The microstructure in Al-bearing steel consisted of bainite with ultrafine martensite–austenite constituent, which was refined by Al addition. CGHAZ in Cu-bearing and Al-bearing steels had superior impact toughness and ductile fracture, which were attributed to acicular ferrite and ultrafine martensite–austenite constituent, respectively.     

铜对低碳HSLA钢力学性能的影响

研究了不同铜含量对低碳ＨＳＬＡ钢力学性能的影响。结果表明,铜能显著提高该钢的强度,但降低该钢的韧性。铜含量对ＨＳＬＡ钢强韧性的作用受时效温度的影响,提高时效温度可使不同铜含量的ＨＳＬＡ钢的强韧性差异减小。     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and high stress abrasive wear behavior of air-cooled MnCrB cast steels

Three medium carbon low alloyed MnCrB cast steels containing different Cr contents (0.3%, 0.6%, and 1.2%) were designed and the effect of Cr contents on the microstructure, mechanical properties and high stress abrasive wear behavior of the cast steels after 850 °C air-cooling and 220 °C tempering was studied. The results show that the hardenability of the MnCrB cast steels was excellent. The microstructure of the cast steels with low Cr contents (0.3% or 0.6%) consists of granular bainite and lower bainite/martensite multiphase. With increasing of Cr content, the formability of martensite was improved, the hardness and wear-resistance increased, but the impact toughness decreased in that more bainite was replaced by martensite. The air-cooled MnCrB cast steel containing 0.6% Cr, with granular bainite and lower bainite/martensite multiphase, exhibited excellent combination of strength, hardness, ductility, and impact toughness. In addition, its abrasive wear-resistance was 30% more than that of Hadfield cast steel in the high stress abrasive wear condition. This air-cooled MnCrB cast steel by simple alloying scheme and heat treatment has the advantages of high-performance, low cost, and environmentally friendly. It is a potential advanced wear-resistant cast steel for low- or even medium-impact abrasive conditions.