Al-Ti-B-RE细化剂对Al-7．0Si-0．55Mg合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究添加Al-5Ti-lB-RE细化剂对Al-7．0Si-0．55Mg（A357）合金的显微组织和力学性能的影响。先利用真空熔炼技术制各Al-7．0Si-0．55Mg合金,然后在Al-7．0Si-0．55Mg合金中加入不同成分的Al-5Ti-1B-RE中间合金。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、金相显微镜（OM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对显微组织和拉伸试样的断口形貌进行观察。在室温下对合金的力学性能进行测试。观察Al-5Ti-1B-RE细化剂的形态以及内部结构,可以发现以TiB,为异质形核核心的TiAl3／Ti2Al20RE的壳层结构相。在Al-7．0Si-0．55Mg合金中加入Al-5Ti-1B-3．0RE细化剂后,抗拉强度会有明显提升,直到0．2％添加量时,抗拉强度会达到峰值。     

型砂及壁厚对锶变质A356铸造合金组织和性能的影响

采用硅砂、宝珠砂和铬铁矿砂3种不同砂型作为造型材料浇注多阶梯铸件试样,对比研究不同冷却条件对Al-10Sr中间合金变质A356（Al-7Si-0.3Mg）铸造合金力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明：在3种造型材料中,铬铁矿砂浇注试样具有最好的组织和力学性能。随着冷却速度的增加,枝晶间距显著变小,力学性能有所改善,其中伸长率对冷却速度比抗拉强度更敏感。这种性能的提高主要是由于枝晶间距更加细密和基体中自由Sr原子数的提高造成的。根据实际的试验数据,模拟建立不同砂型条件下枝晶间距和力学性能之间的回归分析模型,该模型可用于预测Sr变质A356合金铸件的抗拉强度和伸长率。     

多级时效对低压铸造A356.2轮毂力学性能的影响

研究了多次人工时效对低压铸造A356.2铝合金轮毂力学性能的影响.结果表明,T6处理后,再经过3次人工时效,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度、硬度有所提高,但伸长率有所下降;随人工时效次数的继续增多,力学性能变化幅度渐小,组织结构趋于稳定;轮辐部位的晶粒较轮缘部位的晶粒粗,二者屈服强度和硬度的差别不大,但轮辐部位的抗拉强度和伸长率比轮缘部位低.     

热处理对半固态A356铝合金挤压铸件组织与性能的影响

将低温浇注制备的半固态A356铝合金坯料加热至半固态浇注、挤压成形。采用正交试验法研究了固溶、时效对半固态A356铝合金挤压铸件组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,时效时间对抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率影响最大,且都是随着时效时间增长先上升后下降;试验6获得较好的综合力学性能,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率分别为340 MPa、325 MPa、9.56%。     

Effects of Cooling Rate on High-temperature Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloys

High temperature mechanical properties of A356 alloy castings under different solidification cooling rates have been studied and the influence of cooling rates on secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) and mechanical properties has been discussed. To get different cooling rates, three different types of mold—green sand, green sand with chill and permanent mold, were used to pour castings which would subsequently be machined into tensile test and metallographic specimens. The temperature curves of castings’ solidification in three different mold were recorded using thermal couples, which would be used to calculate their corresponding cooling rates. Tensile tests were carried out at 20, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ℃ and then mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, of specimens from different mold types at different test temperatures were obtained. And SDAS of different specimens were measured using optical metallographic photos. From integrated analysis of all those results, following conclusions could be reached. The relationship between SDAS and cooling rates is negative, and the quantitative relationship has been obtained through data fitting analyzing. Generally speaking, tensile strength and yield strength decease as the temperature elevates while elongation behaves in the contrary trend. Through the regression analysis of SDAS, mechanical properties and temperature, the relationship among them is obtained, which makes quantitative prediction of A356 alloy’s mechanical properties at different temperatures with different solidification cooling rates be possible.     

电解加钛铝合金的晶粒细化及其制备铝-硅合金的组织和性能

研究了电解加钛的晶粒细化作用,与AlTi和AlTiB细化剂对纯铝的晶粒细化效果进行了比较;对用电解低钛铝合金制备的A356合金和由纯铝制备并用AlTi或AlTiB细化处理的A356合金的组织与性能进行了对比研究;进行了利用工业铝电解槽生产的电解低钛铝合金熔体直接生产A356合金的工业试验。结果表明：电解加钛具有显著的晶粒细化作用,其细化能力与AlTiB的相当,明显优于AlTi中间合金的。在试验室条件下,用电解低钛铝合金制备的A356合金与纯铝制备并用中间合金细化处理的A356合金的拉伸性能相当;将电解低钛铝合金熔体直接用于铝．硅合金的生产是可行的,并具有节约能源,细化处理工艺简单,产品质量良好的特点。     

Effect of rare earth on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Cu-30Ni alloy

Cu-30Ni-xRE (x = 0–0.213) alloys were prepared by a metal mould casting method. The effect of RE on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys was investigated using optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope with energy-dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical test. The results show that RE has obvious effect on refining dendrite structure and grain size, as well as on purifying the melting of Cu-30Ni alloy. With the increase of RE content, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation increase at first and then decrease after adding RE more than 0.095 wt.%. Cu-30Ni-0.095RE alloy possesses preferable mechanical properties, i.e., the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 308 MPa, 125 MPa, and 51.2%, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties are worsened with increasing RE content more than 0.095 wt.%. The improvement of mechanical properties of Cu-30Ni-0.095RE alloy is attributed to RE refining microstructure and purifying the matrix.     

Effect of Holding Pressure on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A356 Aluminum Alloy

In this study, the effect of holding pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties of low-pressure die cast A356 aluminum alloy was investigated. The results showed that the application of high holding pressure (300 kPa) generated castings with denser structure and superior mechanical properties. By increasing the holding pressure up to 300 kPa, the size of secondary dendrite arm spacing greatly reduced by 22.7% at the cooling rate of 1°C/s and decreased by 12.8% at 10°C/s. The Feret’s diameter and aspect ratio of eutectic silicon particles decreased by 8.4 and 5.1% at the cooling rate of 1°C/s and decreased by 9.3 and 6.4% at 10°C/s, respectively. Meanwhile, the density of A356 aluminum alloy increased to 2.678 g/cm³ and the area fraction of porosity decreased to 0.035%. Thus, tensile properties of A356 aluminum alloy obtained at high holding pressure were enhanced, especially the ductility. All these could be associated with the better filling capability and faster cooling rate caused by high holding pressure. In the analytical range of experimental conditions, the correlation of mechanical properties with process parameters was established by statistical models to predict the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of low-pressure die cast A356 aluminum alloy.     

对A356Al合金细化和变质处理的研究

研究了A356Al合金熔体处理过程中细化与变质的交互作用。结果表明:只添加Al-10Sr的熔体处理,α-Al二次枝晶间距为19.6μm,抗拉强度228MPa、屈服强度177MPa、伸长率8.9%、布氏硬度73HBW;而只添加Al-4Ti-1B的熔体处理,α-Al二次枝晶间距为17.3μm,抗拉强度203MPa、屈服强度159MPa、伸长率6.9%、布氏硬度67HBW。指出:Si相的形态对A356Al合金力学性能影响最大,变质效力是限制A356Al合金力学性能的首要因素。     

Microstructure and tensile properties of magnesium alloy modified by Si/Ca based refiner

Microstructure and mechanical properties of pure magnesium and AZ31 alloy with Ca/Si based refiner addition were investigated. The results indicate that addition of Ca/Si based refiners to pure magnesium and AZ31 alloy results in remarkable microstructure refinement. With proper amount of refiner addition, the grain size in as cast ingots can be one order of magnitude lower than that without refiner addition. Small amount of refiner addition to AZ31 alloy increases both ultimate strength and yield strength significantly,while the ductility of the alloy with refiner addition is similar to that without refiner addition. Addition of refiner improves the deformability of AZ31 alloy and extruded or hot rolled specimens （rods or sheets） with refiner addition exhibit higher surface quality and mechanical properties than those without refiner addition.     

流变模锻A356铝合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用机械搅拌法制备A356合金半固态浆料,在200 t油压机上进行流变模锻成形,研究了流变模锻试样热处理前后的组织和力学性能.结果表明:流变模锻试样组织由球形α-Al晶粒和α+Si共晶组织组成;热处理前试样抗拉强度为261.7 MPa,伸长率为4.1％;经T6热处理后,试样抗拉强度为347.8 MPa,提高了32.9％...     

7A04铝合金超厚板的淬透性

采用万能力学试验机、光学显微镜、扫描电镜等手段,研究了7A04铝合金超厚板的显微组织、性能及淬透性。结果表明:225 mm厚的7A04铝合金热轧板材经过475 ℃×340 min的固溶淬火处理后,再进行120 ℃×24 h 时效,其表面的力学性能最好,抗拉强度为584 MPa,屈服强度为500 MPa,伸长率为11%;T/4厚度层力学性能最差,抗拉强度为396 MPa,屈服强度为257 MPa,伸长率为11%,强度与表面分别相差32%、49%。淬透深度为单面32 mm。通过调控化学成分、加大轧制压下量、增加淬火冷却速率等可改善板材表心力学性能之差,并提高淬透性。     

富镧稀土对AZ91微观组织和性能的影响

测试了富镧稀土含量分别为0.3%、0.7%、2.0%的AZgl合金的硬度及拉伸等力学性能,并利用偏光多功能显微镜、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对合金的微观组织进行分析,结果表明富镧稀土能细化合金的晶粒,且随稀土含量的增大,细化效果明显;同时还提高了AZ91合金的高温抗蠕变性能和抗拉强度及硬度,但对屈服强度和伸长率影响不大,降低了合金的低温阻尼性能,但却增加了高温界面阻尼.     

低过热度铸造和触变锻造结合制备A356铝合金车轮的组织与力学性能

采用低过热度铸造和触变锻造相结合的方法制备A356铝合金车轮,研究低过热度铸造A356铝合金坯料的组织、坯料二次加热组织演变规律和触变锻造车轮的组织与力学性能。结果表明：熔体在635℃浇注,可获得具有细小、均匀的非枝晶晶粒的A356铝合金坯料。坯料在600℃等温加热60min后,非枝晶晶粒可转变成球形晶粒,在750kN锻压力下半固态坯料可触变锻造成铝合金车轮。经T6热处理,A356铝合金车轮的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为327．6MPa和7．8％,高于铸造铝合金车轮的拉伸力学性能。将低过热度铸造与触变锻造工艺相结合,可以制备具有较高力学性能的铝合金车轮。     

淬火条件对砂铸A356合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

在相同固溶和时效条件下，选择3种不同温度的水对砂铸A356合金进行了淬火处理，并对这3种不同淬火态下的合金进行了拉伸及疲劳裂纹扩展性能研究。结果表明，随淬火介质温度的降低，淬火冷却速率提高，合金的强度增加，塑性下降；当应力比R较低时，淬火条件对合金门槛区的裂纹扩展有明显影响，降低淬火介质温度可以提高合金的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力。此外，不同淬火态合金的疲劳扩展均明显地表现出与应力比R的相关性，这种相关性可以用裂纹闭合来说明。     

往复挤压Mg-4Al-4Si镁合金的显微组织与力学性能

研究往复挤压对Mg-4Al-4Si(AS44)合金显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:往复挤压显著地细化晶粒,改善组织的均匀性;往复挤压4道次和8道次后,Mg2Si颗粒尺寸由铸态下的约120μm分别减小至3和2μm,α-Mg基体晶粒尺寸由铸态下的约50μm分别减小至9和8μm,形成了较为细小、弥散分布的Mg2Si颗粒和细小的等轴晶组织。合金的力学性能随往复挤压道次的增加而显著提高,挤压8道次时,合金的极限抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到251.7 MPa、210.5 MPa和14.8%,与铸态合金相比,上述力学性能指标分别提高了131.3%、191.1%和469.2%;挤压态合金拉伸断裂形式为微孔聚合型韧性断裂。     

镁合金轮毂的塑性成形技术

利用镁合金在特定温度下具有较好塑性的特点,研究镁合金轮毂的塑性成形工艺。提出一种挤压与胀形的成形工艺,并设计加工出模具。通过试验成形出镁合金轮毂产品。通过检测轮毂不同部位的力学性能,结果表明:塑性变形对镁合金性能有较大的强化作用,最大抗拉强度、拉伸屈服强度及伸长率明显优于铸态试样,可满足汽车轮毂的使用要求。该技术为镁合金轮毂的成形开辟了新方向,促进了镁合金在汽车行业的应用。     

热处理工艺对ER7车轮钢力学性能的影响

ER7车轮钢经不同工艺热处理后,可获得珠光体片层间距以及铁素体含量不同的显微组织,并对不同工艺处理试样的拉伸性能及－20 ℃冲击性能进行了测试。结果表明,随冷却速度的增大,车轮钢铁素体含量增加,珠光体片间距和珠光体球团尺寸减小。增大冷却速率,会使车轮钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率和断面收缩率都随之增加。随着珠光体片间距和晶粒尺寸减小,车轮钢的断裂韧性也相应增大。在850 ℃加热并通过水雾冷却后的车轮钢试样强韧匹配最好,综合力学性能最好。     

The correlation between dendritic microstructure and mechanical properties of directionally solidified hypoeutectic Al-Ni alloys

Al-Ni hypoeutectic alloys were directionally solidified under upward transient heat flow conditions. The aim of the present study is to set up correlations between the as-cast microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties of these alloys. The dependence of primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing on the alloy solute content and on solidification thermal parameters is also analyzed. The results include transient metal/mold heat transfer coefficient, tip growth rate, cooling rate, dendrite arm spacing, ultimate tensile strength, yield tensile strength and elongation. Expressions relating dendrite spacing to solidification thermal parameters and mechanical properties to the scale of the dendritic microstructure have been determined. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength and the yield tensile strength increase with increasing alloy solute content and with decreasing primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing. In contrast, the elongation was found to be independent of both alloy composition and dendritic arrangement.     

Mechanical properties of fine grained superalloy K4169 with addition of refiners

Grain refinement of superalloy K4169 was achieved by adding refiners into the alloy melt and their effects on the mechanical properties were investigated. The tensile properties at room temperature and 700℃ and low cycle fatigue properties at room temperature were compared for both conventional and fine grained test bars.The results indicate that the rupture strength, yield strength, elongation and reduction of area for refined grains are all much superior to those for coarse ones. Whereas the elongation and reduction of area of fine grained samples decrease at 700℃. Low cycle fatigue properties of samples with refined grains at room temperature are improved significantly. In addition, the degree of dispersion of low cycle fatigue data of samples with refined grains is diminished.