热处理对Al_(0.5)CoCrCuFeNi高熵合金显微组织与硬度的影响

采用水冷铜坩埚真空感应悬浮熔炼制备了多组元高熵合金Al0.5Co Cr Cu Fe Ni,研究了不同热处理工艺对合金的显微组织和硬度的影响规律。结果表明,Al0.5Co Cr Cu Fe Ni高熵合金相结构简单,在铸态下由两种不同成分的FCC相组成,枝晶处为贫Cu的FCC1相,枝晶间为富Cu的FCC2相,显微组织为树枝晶形貌,存在一定的枝晶偏析。合金制备态的硬度为255 HV0.5。合金具有良好的热稳定性,随着热处理温度的升高,合金的相结构和硬度均无太大的变化。冷却方式对合金的显微组织和相结构影响不大,但炉冷后合金的硬度比空冷和水冷时高。     

Ni/Al原子比对Cu-Ni-Al合金性能的影响

采用近平衡凝固实验,以Cu为基体原料,制备了Cu含量为90wt%,Ni/Al原子比分别为1∶3、1∶2、1∶1、2∶1和3∶1的Cu-Ni-Al合金。用光学显微镜(OM)观察不同成分的合金显微组织;利用布氏硬度仪测量了合金的硬度,并用扫描电镜得到了合金的摩擦磨损表面形貌。实验结果表明Cu-Ni-Al合金的硬度随着Ni/Al原子比的增多而逐渐增大;摩擦形貌也由粘着磨损为主转变为颗粒磨损为主。     

多相V-Ti-Ni氢分离合金显微组织与力学性能

研究了多相V_(100-2x)-Ti_x-Ni_x(x=10,15,20)系列氢分离合金的显微组织、硬度和拉伸性能。V_(100-2x)-Ti_x-Ni_x合金铸锭显微组织均由枝晶相V基固溶体和枝晶间相NiTi和NiTi_2组成。随着合金中Ti和Ni的含量增加,枝晶间相在合金中体积占比增大,形成连续网状,阻止枝晶臂的连接。在室温下,合金整体硬度、抗拉强度、延伸率和断面收缩率均随Ti、Ni含量增加而升高。V基固溶体和NiTi_2相是影响3种合金的整体硬度的主要因素。3种合金在室温下均属于脆性材料。合金中NiTi相含量对合金的延伸率有较大影响。     

Al对K4169合金铸态组织和力学性能的影响

采用手工电弧炉熔炼制备了不同Al含量的K4169高温合金.显微组织和力学性能研究表明:随着Al含量的增加,合金铸态组织的二次枝晶臂变得发达,枝晶间析出相增多,Nb、Mo、Ti和Fe元素在枝晶和枝晶间的偏析程度减轻:Al含量增加使得合金的屈服强度和硬度明显提高,当Al含量为1.25wt%时,其屈服强度和硬度达到最大值,但是Al含量增加至1.45wt%时,合金晶界上析出了大量的Laves相,反而降低了合金的屈服强度和硬度.     

Ni添加量对Co-Al-W基单晶高温合金凝固特性的影响

基于实验研究、热力学计算与动力学分析,研究了Ni含量对Co-Al-W基单晶高温合金凝固特性的影响。结果表明：无Ni和添加Ni的Co基单晶高温合金均具有典型的枝晶组织,但Ni的添加增大了合金的一次枝晶间距。同时,Ni的添加增大了Al和W元素的显微偏析倾向,降低了Ta元素的显微偏析倾向,但对Ti元素的显微偏析倾向的影响较小。无Ni合金的枝晶间析出相为初生γ′相和(β+γ′)共晶相,而含Ni合金的枝晶间析出相为初生γ′相,即Ni的添加改变了合金的凝固路径与铸态组织。同时,Ni的添加对Co-Al-W基单晶高温合金凝固特征温度的影响不明显。     

AlCoCrCuFe高熵合金的组织结构与相演变

利用真空电弧熔炼法制备了AlCoCrCuFe高熵合金。采用XRD、SEM、EDS测试了AlCoCrCuFe高熵合金的物相结构和显微组织。结果表明:AlCoCrCuFe高熵合金是由BCC与FCC混合双相组成,其显微结构为典型的树枝晶,由富Al、Co、Cr与Fe元素的枝晶区域和富Cu元素晶间区域构成,这与合金元素的混合焓、晶体结构和原子半径差有关。枝晶区域为网格层状的调幅分解组织,枝晶边界附近有纳米颗粒析出,这主要是由于原子混乱度高、原子半径差大和迟滞扩散效应所引起的。     

Re、Ru对镍基单晶合金元素偏析行为的影响

通过设计并制备出四种Re、Ru含量不同的镍基单晶合金,通过组织形貌观察及浓度测量,研究了元素Re、Ru对铸态镍基单晶合金成分偏析行为的影响。结果表明,Ru主要富集于枝晶间区域,并提高Al、Ta等γ'相形成元素在枝晶干区域的偏析程度,使其他元素在枝晶间区域的偏析程度增加。Re强烈偏析于枝晶干区域,可促进枝晶形核并增加枝晶数量。凝固期间,高熔点的Re、W等元素与基体Ni优先凝固,发生液固转变,形成枝晶组织。由于Re阻碍Ni、Al、Ta等原子发生有序化排列,导致Al、Ta等γ'相构成元素在枝晶干区域的浓度降低,致使枝晶间区域Ni、Al、Ta等元素的浓度增加,最终形成大量共晶组织,是铸态含Re合金共晶组织数量较多、尺寸较大,及含Re合金中Al元素主要偏析于枝晶间区域的主要原因。     

定向凝固AlCoCrCuFeNi高熵合金的组织与力学性能

以AlCoCrCuFeNi高熵合金为研究对象,研究了不同抽拉速度下定向凝固组织的演变规律,Cu偏析及力学性能。结果表明：定向凝固AlCoCrCuFeNi高熵合金仍然为稳定的BCC和FCC两种晶体结构,微观组织由富FeCoCr相,富AlNi相和富Cu相组成。随着抽拉速度增大,所获得的凝固组织由粗大的树枝晶逐渐演变为细长的层状树枝晶,枝晶臂间距显著减小。不同抽拉速度下,富Cu相都偏析于枝晶间,其在富FeCoCr相边界处形成不连续的锯齿状分布,且在富AiNi相中形成富Cu沉淀。随着抽拉速度增大,富Cu沉淀相由亚微米级转变为纳米级,富Cu相中的Cu原子浓度下降。合金中不同区域组织的显微维氏硬度差异随抽拉速度增大而减小,平均显微维氏硬度从358 HV增加到375 HV。     

Cr_xCuFe_2Mo_(0.5)Nb_(0.5)Ni_2高熵合金的微观组织与力学性能

采用电弧熔炼工艺制备了CrxCuFe2Mo0.5Nb0.5Ni2(x=0,0.5,1.0,2.0,摩尔比)高熵合金,采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度计对合金的物相结构、微观组织形貌、元素分布和硬度进行了分析。结果表明,合金物相主要由面心立方固溶体相(FCC)、体心立方固溶体相(BCC)和密排六方固溶体相(HCP)组成。Cr含量的增加,有利于BCC相的形成。合金组织主要呈树枝晶和枝晶间结构组成。合金中Nb、Mo和Cu元素分别偏聚于枝晶和枝晶间区域,Fe、Cr和Ni元素的分布相对均匀。合金硬度随Cr含量的增加而逐渐增加,但增幅较小。     

FeCoNiAlCu_x多主元高熵合金组织与力学性能的研究

采用XRD、SEM、EDS、硬度测试和压缩试验等方法,研究了Cu含量对FeCoNiAlCu_x高熵合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:FeCoNiAlCu_x合金均由fcc相和bcc相组成,但随着Cu含量的增加,fcc相增多,而bcc相减少;该合金为树枝晶组织,枝晶间存在明显的Cu富集,并且Cu含量的增加加剧了Cu元素在枝晶间的偏聚,但在枝晶内没有变化。同时,Cu含量的增加促进了合金塑性的提高,FeCoNiAlCu_(1.5)合金的压缩应变最大,为36.1%,但是降低了合金的屈服强度和显微硬度;FeCoNiAlCu_(0.5)合金的显微硬度最高,为569 HV;FeCoNiAlCu_(0.8)合金的屈服强度最大,为1256MPa。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。