Enhanced Strength and Corrosion Resistance of Mg–2Zn–0.6Zr Alloy with Extrusion

The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg–2 Zn–0.6 Zr alloy under the as-cast and asextruded conditions were investigated. Microstructure analysis indicated the remarkable grain refinement by extrusion, as well as notable reductions in volume fraction and size of precipitate phases. As compared with the as-cast alloy, the asextruded alloy exhibited better mechanical performance, especially in yield strength which was promoted from 51 to 194 MPa. Refined grains, dispersive precipitate phases and texture were thought to be the main factors affecting the improved performance in strength. The electrochemical measurement and immersion test revealed the corrosion rate of Mg–2 Zn–0.6 Zr alloy by extrusion decreased from 1.68 to 0.32 mm/year. The reasons for the enhanced corrosion resistance were mainly attributed to the decreased volume fraction and Volta potential of the precipitate phases, the refinement of the grain size, as well as the formation of more protective corrosion film.     

Microstructural control and hardening response of Mg–6Zn–0.5Er–0.5Ca alloy

The effects of heat treatment on microstructures and hardening response of Mg–6Zn–0.5Er–0.5Ca(wt%) alloy were investigated by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), and transmission electron microscope(TEM) in this paper. The results show that the Mg–6Zn–0.5Er–0.5Ca alloy contains Mg_3Zn_6Er_1 quasicrystalline phase(Iphase) and Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3 phase under as-cast condition. Most of the Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3 phases and I-phases dissolve into matrix during heat treatment at 475 ℃ for 5 h. After the as-solution alloy was aged at 175 ℃ for 36 h, a large amount of MgZn_2 precipitate with several nanometers precipitate. It is suggested that the trace addition of Ca results in refining the size of the precipitate, and the presence of the nanoscale MgZn_2 phase is the main factor to improve the peak-aged hardness greatly to 87 HV, which increases about 40 % compared with that of as-cast alloy.     

Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Mg–4Gd–1Y–1Zn–0.5Ca–1Zr Alloy

The as-cast multi-element Mg–4Gd–1Y–1Zn–0.5Ca–1Zr alloy with low rare earth additions was prepared, and the solution treatment was applied at different temperatures. The microstructural evolution of the alloy was characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and corrosion properties of the alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution were evaluated by immersion and electrochemical tests. The results indicate that the as-cast alloy is composed of the a-Mg matrix,lamellar long-period stacking-ordered(LPSO) structure and eutectic phase. The LPSO structure exists with more volume fraction in the alloy solution-treated at 440 °C, but disappears with the increase in the solution temperature. For all the solution-treated alloys, the precipitated phases are detected. The corrosion rates of the alloys decrease first and then increase slightly with the increase in the solution temperature, and the corrosion resistance of the solution-treated alloys is more than four times as good as that of the as-cast alloy. In addition, the alloy solution-treated at 480 °C for 6 h shows the best corrosion property.     

Evolution of Microstructure,Residual Stress,and Tensile Properties of Mg–Zn–Y–La–Zr Magnesium Alloy Processed by Extrusion

The microstructure, texture, residual stress, and tensile properties of Mg–6 Zn–2 Y–1 La–0.5 Zr(wt%) magnesium alloy were investigated before and after extrusion process, which performed at 300 °C and 400 °C. The microstructural characterizations indicated that the as-cast alloy was comprised of α-Mg, Mg–Zn, Mg–Zn–La, and Mg–Zn–Y phases. During homogenization at 400 °C for 24 h, most of the secondary phases exhibited partial dissolution. Extrusion process led to a remarkable grain refi nement due to dynamic recrystallization(DRX). The degree of DRX and the DRXed grain size increased with increasing extrusion temperature. The homogenized alloy did not show a preferential crystallographic orientation, whereas the extruded alloys showed strong basal texture. The extrusion process led to a signifi cant improvement on the compressive residual stress and mechanical properties. The alloy extruded at 300 °C exhibited the highest basal texture intensity, the compressive residual stress and hardness, and yield and tensile strengths among the studied alloys.     

Effects of Cooling Rate and Component on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg–Zn–Y Alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–1Y and Mg–6Zn–3Y(wt%) alloys under different cooling rates were investigated. The results show that the second dendrite arm spacing(SDAS) of Mg–6Zn–1Y and Mg–6Zn–3Y is reduced by 32 and 30% with increasing cooling rates(Rc) from 10.2 to 23 K/s, which can be predicted using a empirical model of SDAS=68 R 0:45:45cand SDAS=73 R 0c, respectively. The compressive strength of both alloys increases with increasing the cooling rate, which is attributed to the increase of volume fraction(Vf) of secondary phases under high cooling rate. The interaction of the cooling rate and component with SDAS has been theoretically analyzed using interdependence theory.     

Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Extruded Mg–Zn–Ag Alloys with Single-Phase Structure

Mg–Zn–Ag alloys have been extensively studied in recent years for potential biodegradable implants due to their unique mechanical properties,biodegradability and biocompatibility.In the present study,Mg–3Zn-x Ag(wt%,x=0.2,0.5 and0.8)alloys with single-phase crystal structure were prepared by backward extrusion at 340°C.The addition of Ag element into Mg–3Zn slightly influences the ultimate tensile strength and microstructure,but the elongation firstly increases from12%to 19.8%and then decreases from 19.8%to 9.9%with the increment of Ag concentration.The tensile yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy reach up to 142,234 MPa and 19.8%,respectively,which are the best mechanical performance of Mg–Zn–Ag alloys in the present work.The extruded Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy also possesses the best corrosion behavior with the corresponding corrosion rate of 3.2 mm/year in immersion test,which could be explained by the single-phase and uniformly distributed grain structure,and the fewer twinning.     

Influence of Zn Content on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Mg–Zn–Y–Nd Alloy

In the present study, the effect of Zn content on the microstructure and deformation behavior of the as-cast Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy has been investigated. The results showed that as Zn content increased, the volume fraction of secondary phases increased. Moreover, the phase transformation from W-phase to W-phase and I-phase occurred. In the as-cast state,W-phase exists as eutectic and large block form. When Zn content increases to 6 and 8%(wt%), small I-phase could precipitate around W-phase particles. Additionally, the effect of Zn content on the tensile properties and deformation behavior varies with the testing temperature. At room temperature, the tensile strength increases with Zn content, whereas the elongation increases initially and then decreases. At 250 °C, as Zn content increases, the tensile strength decreases initially and then increases slightly, whereas the elongation decreases. At 350 °C, the elongation increases with Zn content,whereas the tensile strength decreases initially and then increases slightly.     

Microstructure and phase transformation of as-cast and annealed Mg–4Zn–1Y alloy containing quasi-crystal phase

By means of optical microscope(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) analyses, the microstructures of as-cast and heat-treated Mg–4Zn–1Y(wt%) alloy containing quasi-crystal phase were studied.The microstructure of the as-cast alloy consists of a-Mg solid solution grains, intermetallic particles and eutectic phases(W-phase and I-phase), and huge grains with serious dendritic segregation are clearly observed. After heat treatment, phase transformation and dissolution occur in the alloy and many phases remain. When the alloy was treated above 410 °C, the eutectic phases transform into spherical shape as the I-phase turns to W-phase. After heat treatment for long time, the alloy is over burnt and the W-phase decomposes to Mg–Y binary phase.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of Mg–9Li–3Al–1.6Y alloy

Mg–9Li–3Al–1.6Y alloys were prepared through mixture method. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the as-cast and asextruded alloys were studied by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), mechanical properties testing, and electrochemical measurement. The as-cast Mg–9Li–3Al–1.6Y alloy with the average grain size of 325 lm is composed of b-Li matrix, block a-Mg, and granule Al_2Y phases. After extrusion, the grain size of the as-cast alloy is obviously refined and reaches to 75 lm; the strength and elongation of the extruded alloy are enhanced by 17.20 % and49.45 %, respectively, owing to their fine microstructure and reduction of casting defects. The as-extruded alloy shows better corrosion resistance compared to the as-cast one, which may be related to the low stored energy and dislocation density in the extruded alloy, also the homogenization treatment before extrusion.     

Influence of Initial Microstructure on the Strengthening Effect of Extruded Mg–8Sn–4Zn–2Al Alloys

The Mg–8Sn–4Zn–2Al(TZA842, in wt%) alloys with different initial microstructure(as-cast-AC and homogenization treatment-HT) subjected to hot extrusion. Also, the strengthening responses to AC and HT for the extruded TZA842 alloys were reported. The results revealed that the alloy subjected to HT shows finer grain size, more homogenous microstructure and weaker basal texture than those of counterpart subjected to AC. In addition, compared with TZA842-AC alloy, precipitates were finer and uniformly dispersed in TZA842-HT owing to the utilization of HT. Moreover, the TZA842-HT alloy showed higher yield strength of 200 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 290 MPa and elongation(EL) of17.9% than those of TZA842-AC, which was mainly attributed to the combined effects of grain boundary strengthening,precipitation strengthening, solid solution strengthening and weak texture. Strengthening mechanism for both alloys was discussed in detail.     

稀土Y元素对铸态镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用熔炼工艺制备了Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca与Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca-2Y合金,研究了两种合金的铸态组织及力学性能。结果表明,Y元素的添加细化了Mg-2.0Zn-0.2C合金的铸态组织。Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca合金主要由α-Mg与少量Mg₇Zn₃相组成,添加2wt%的Y后,改变了Zn在Mg基体中的固溶度,降低了其固溶强化效果,同时组织中形成了I相和W相。添加Y元素后,合金的规定塑性延伸强度升高,从41.0 MPa升高到50.6 MPa;伸长率降低,从12.6%降低到4.0%。     

Mg-Zn-Ca系低Ca侧400℃相平衡研究

利用SEM,EPMA,XRD和DSC,对Mg-Zn-Ca系镁基固溶体400℃时的溶解度以及镁基固溶体与化合物之间的平衡相关系进行了研究.结果表明,在Mg-Zn系中加入Ca后,T₁和T₂相在400℃时依然是富Mg角的主要三元化合物,但只有T₁相与镁基固溶体相平衡,且α-Mg+T₁两相区明显缩小.400℃时,Mg-Zn-Ca系低Ca侧存在一个可与镁基固溶体相平衡的液相区,其含Ca量小于8.4%（原子分数）;但Zn/Ca值小于1.7的三元合金中不会有液相存在.Mg-Zn-Ca系低Ca侧400℃等温截面相图中存在着4个三相区:α-Mg+Mg₂Ca+T₁,α-Mg+T₁+Liq,Liq+T₁+T₂和Liq+T₂+Mg₂Zn₃.     

Microstructures and properties of rapidly solidified Mg-Zn-Ca alloys

Ternary alloys based on the Mg-Zn-Ca system were produced by twin-roll rapid solidification.The alloys were characterized by OM,SEM,HRTEM,XRD,EDS and Micro-hardness.The results show that the rapidly solidified flakes are of fine dendritic cell structures with the cell size ranging from 1 to 5μm.The Mg-6Zn-5Ca alloy in RS and annealing(200℃for 1 h) states are mainly composed ofα-Mg,Mg_2Ca,Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3 and a small quantity of Mg_(51)Zn_(20),MgZn_2 and Mg_2Zn_3.Micro-hardness increases with the increment of...     

Influence of Zn Content on Microstructures,Mechanical Properties and Stress Corrosion Behavior of AA5083 Aluminum Alloy

To enhance the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance, Zn was utilized as an alloy element to add in the AA5083 aluminum alloys. The effects of Zn content on the microstructures, mechanical properties and SCC resistance were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrate that in the studied range adding Zn can significantly improve the SCC resistance of the AA5083 alloys. This is related to the relatively low amount of continuous β (Al₃Mg₂) phase along grain boundary and the formation of Zn-containing phase such as Al₅Mg₁₁Zn₄ phase. Based on the results, the optimal Zn content with respect to SCC resistance is approximately 0.50 wt.%. Further increasing Zn content results in coarse precipitates discontinuously distributed along grain boundaries.     

Mg-(11-13)Gd-1Zn变形镁合金的组织和力学性能

制备了3种成分的Mg-Gd-Zn三元合金,并对其显微组织和力学性能进行了较系统的研究.结果表明,Mg-（11-13）Gd-1Zn（质量分数,%）三元合金的铸态组织由α-Mg,（Mg,Zn）₃Gd和具有14H结构的长周期堆垛有序相（14H-LPSO）组成;（Mg,Zn）₃Gd呈现典型的网状共晶形貌,其体积分数随Gd含量的增加而增大.热挤压过程中（Mg,Zn）₃Gd相破碎,其颗粒沿挤压方向排列,而14H-LPSO相则分布于条状分布的（Mg,Zn）₃Gd颗粒之间.铸态和挤压态合金在高温固溶处理后,14H-LPSO相的体积分数增加,大部分（Mg,Zn）₃Gd相溶入基体.挤压态合金经固溶和时效（T6）处理后,显微组织中14H-LPSO相的体积分数大幅度增加,而且出现了β′和β₁沉淀颗粒.对挤压后的合金直接进行时效处理（T5）过程中也形成了β′和β₁沉淀,但14H-LPSO相没有显著增加.3种合金中Mg-11Gd-1Zn合金在T6态的性能最好,抗拉强度高达416 MPa.     

Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of the As-Extruded Mg-4Zn-2Gd-0.5Ca Alloy

In order to study the corrosion resistance of extruded magnesium alloys,the Mg-4 Zn-2 Gd-0.5 Ca alloy was extruded at the speed of 0.01-0.1 mm/s with the temperature of 280-360℃in present study.Hot extrusion results show that the volume fraction of precipitates(V_(pre)),V_(DRX)(the dynamic recrystallization rate) and the average size of DRXed grain(d_(DRX)) decrease with the decrease in extrusion speed,and the corrosion rate of the alloy also shows a downward trend.On the contrary,the values of V_(pre),V_(DRX) and d_(DRX) increase with the increase in extrusion temperature,and the corrosion resistance of Mg-4 Zn-2 Gd-0.5 Ca alloy decreases.When the extrusion speed is 0.01 mm/s and the extrusion temperature is 280℃,the alloy has the best corrosion resistance.The corrosion of extruded Mg-4 Zn-2 Gd-0.5 Ca alloy occurs preferentially on the magnesium matrix around W and I phases in the DRXed zone.With the further corrosion,the corrosion continues to spread along the phase,and the corrosion area gradually increases.Galvanic corrosion plays a leading role in the corrosion process.Moreover,there are a large number of basal plane textures in the unDRXed region,which is conducive to improving the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys.In addition,the decrease in grain size also makes the corrosion of magnesium alloy more uniform.     

Effect of Partially Substituting Ca with Mischmetal on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg-Al-Ca-Mn-Based Alloys

Mg-2Al-1.2Ca-0.2Mn(at%)-based alloys with Ce-rich mischmetal(MM) substitution of 0–0.6 at% for Ca were hot extruded at 400 °C. The effect of MM substitution on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the extruded alloys was investigated. The as-cast Mg-2Al-1.2Ca-0.2Mn alloy is mainly composed of a-Mg, Mg_2Ca and(Mg,Al)_2Ca phases and Al_8Mn_5 precipitates, whereas the substitution of MM brings about the formation of Al_(11)MM_3, Al_2MM phases and Al_(10)MM_2Mn_7 particles with the absence of (Mg,Al)_2Ca phase. The volume fraction of MM-containing phases increases with increasing MM contents. All of the extruded alloys exhibit bimodal microstructure comprising fine dynamically recrystallized grains with almost random orientation and coarse deformed grains with strong basal texture. Dense nanosized planar Al_2Ca and spherical Al–Mn phases precipitate inside the deformed grains. High tensile yield strengths of~ 350 MPa and moderate elongations to failure of 12% are obtained in all extruded alloys; the MM substitution induces negligible difference in the tensile properties at ambient temperature, while the highest MM substitution improves the strength at 180 °C due to the better thermal stability of the fragmented MM-containing phases.     

Zn与Mg质量比对热挤压Al-Zn-Mg-Sc显微组织及力学性能的影响

制备了Al-2Mg-0.4Sc、Al-5Mg-0.4Sc、Al-5Mg-2Zn-0.4Sc和Al-5Zn-2Mg-0.4Sc等4种合金并在350℃进行热挤压,通过光学显微镜(OM),X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、室温拉伸测试,研究了Zn/Mg比对于Al-Zn-Mg-Sc合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,Zn/Mg比的提高对于铸态晶粒具有细化作用,挤压后发生动态再结晶,晶粒尺寸显著减小,但挤压态晶粒尺寸并未随Zn/Mg比的提高而减小。另一方面,Zn/Mg比的提高使Mg32(Al,Zn)49第二相数量增加,且呈现更明显的网状结构。挤压态Al-Zn-Mg-Sc合金屈服强度随Zn/Mg比的提高而提升,主要由于大量Al3Sc粒子与碎化的第二相呈网状分布于晶界,使第二相强化起到主导作用。     

Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Characteristics of the as-Cast and Annealed La0.8-xPrxMg0.2Ni3.35Al0.1Si0.05 (x=0~0.4) Electrode Alloys

研究了Mg-3.8Zn-2.2Ca-xSn(x=0,0.5,1,2,质量分数%)镁合金的铸态组织、抗拉性能和蠕变性能。结果发现:在含Sn合金中会形成CaMgSn相,并且随着Sn含量从0.46%增加到1.88%(质量分数),合金中CaMgSn相的数量增加。同时,合金中Ca2Mg6Zn3相的形貌从最初的连续和/或半连续网状转变为半连续和/或断续状。此外,含Sn合金的晶粒被明显细化,其中含0.90%Sn合金的晶粒最细。与三元合金相比,含0.46%和0.90%Sn合金的抗拉性能和蠕变性能改善明显,而含1.88%Sn合金的屈服强度和蠕变性能虽然得到改善,但其抗拉强度和延伸率减小。在含0.46%、0.90%和1.88%Sn的3个合金中,含0.90%Sn的合金显示了优化的抗拉性能和蠕变性能。     

Effect of Zn Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast Mg-10Gd-3.5Er-xZn-0.5Zr Alloys

In this work, the effects of Zn content (0-2 wt%) on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of cast Mg-10Gd-3.5Er-0.5Zr alloys are studied. The results show that the as-cast Mg-10Gd-3.5Er-xZn-0.5Zr alloys are mainly composed of Mg matrix and secondary (Mg, Zn)₃(Gd, Er) phases distributed along grain boundaries. With the increase in Zn content, the volume fraction of secondary (Mg, Zn)₃(Gd, Er) phases increases and the grains get refined. In the process of solid solution treatment, Zn addition can lead to the formation of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) structures and the volume fraction of LPSO structures increases with Zn content. In addition, the Zn addition can reduce the vacancy formation energy and accelerate the diffusion rate of RE elements in Mg matrix. Because of the comprehensive effect of secondary phases and the accelerated diffusion rate, the base alloy and 2Zn alloy have less grain growth after solid solution treatment than that of the 0.5Zn alloy and 1Zn alloy. The precipitation process is also accelerated by enhanced diffusion rate. At room temperature (RT), the strengthening effect of β^'+ β₁ precipitates is more effective than that of LPSO structures, so the peak-aged 0.5Zn alloy exhibits the most excellent mechanical performance at RT, with yield strength of 219 MPa, ultimate tensile strength 296 MPa and elongation of 6.4%. While LPSO structures have stronger strengthening effect at elevated temperature than that of β^'+ β₁ precipitates, so the 1Zn alloy and 2Zn alloy have more stable mechanical performance than that of the base alloy and 0.5Zn alloy with the increase in tensile temperature.