红外光谱技术在润滑油分析中的应用

作为一种高效、精准的现代分析技术,红外光谱分析技术在润滑油等油品的成分分析中具有广泛的应用。立足于技术特征,文章首先分析了红外光谱分析技术的发展现状与主要特点,其次对红外光谱技术在油品分析中的应用情况进行了阐述,以期能够提升润滑油分析效果,提升技术应用的整体质量。     

基于红外光谱技术的航空润滑油判别分析

对红外光谱技术应用于航空合成润滑油的快速判别进行了研究。采用红外光谱衰减全反射附件采集5种不同牌号的航空合成润滑油的红外光谱。基于偏最小二乘判别分析方法,建立了5种润滑油牌号快速判别模型。讨论了建模主成分数与不同建模光谱区间对模型预测能力的影响。通过优化建模参数,提高了模型的预测精度。使用建立的分析模型对预测集样品进行预测,判别正确率为100％。     

机组运行中润滑油的多参数测定及特征分析

为研究机组运行中润滑油的性能衰变规律,采用有机元素分析、红外光谱分析、热重分析技术建立了机组运行中润滑油多参数测定方法。获得了润滑油碳氢比、碳硫比、红外光谱特征波长强度比、失重起始温度、失重终止温度、最大失重速率等特征参数。碳氢比显示润滑油基本由CH_2组成;红外光谱分析结果表明,润滑油是以长链烷烃为主,其与黏度数据比对分析发现,波数为2 952.67 cm~(-1)时,红外吸收峰高相对质量分数与黏度呈负相关关系;TG-DTG曲线获得9个特征参数中,Ti和Te是润滑油稳定性的重要参数,润滑油在运行中不仅裂解生成小分子低沸点物质,同时也会聚合生成了一些难以氧化分解的高聚物、胶质等,且W_e与W_f呈良好负相关关系,而Wf与β'呈良好正相关关系。     

航空润滑油粘度的红外快速测定研究

采用傅立叶红外光谱法测定了某型航空润滑油料的粘度,通过Excel提供函数及相关工具对红外峰高与标准及在用油样品粘度的相关性进行相关分析,给出了回归方程、检验,证明利用红外测定粘度值方法与GB/T265-1998法相比,具有分析速度快、数据准确性高的优点,是一种适用于航空润滑油粘度快速检测的方法。     

**航空发动机在用润滑油污染度检测实验研究

对**航空发动机在用50-1-4润滑油污染度进行了检测试验,得出了在用润滑油的污染度结果并进行了分析,得出了测试油样与污染度等级关系图以及油液污染度发展趋势曲线图,通过曲线图分析得出在用润滑油污染度分布规律,为判断发动机运行工况提供了依据。     

航空润滑油品质衰变分析及其质量检测技术发展

对航空润滑油品质衰变研究现状做了简要分析,并针对油品综合性能下降的特点,重点分析了高压差示扫描量热法、红外光谱分析技术、色谱分析技术、质谱分析技术以及气质联用技术等四项现代分析技术在航空油液质量监测方面的应用。     

红外光谱法评价在用有机热载体酸值变化的研究

在用有机热载体劣化程度的监测中,酸值是一项重要的检测项目。文章采用中和滴定法和红外光谱两种方法对有机热载体氧化过程中酸值变化进行对比研究,认为红外光谱中1715cm-1下吸收峰与酸值变化具有相关性。     

N-月桂酰基丙氨酸添加剂的合成及对润滑油生物降解性能影响

月桂酰氯和丙氨酸在碱性溶液中反应制备出了N-月桂酰基丙氨酸,用红外光谱对其主要官能团进行了表征;用设计的生物降解试验方法考察了该物质作为润滑油添加剂对HVI350矿物基础油的生物降解性能的影响,并分析了生物降解机理.     

多次干涉全内反射光谱——硫化胶组成的无损检验法

在用红外光谱法和色谱法分析硫化胶时,必须通过破坏性溶解或热裂解预先把样品破坏掉,这就使硫化胶原来的结构变了样。其结果是,所分析的仅仅是聚合物的分解产物:用色谱法分析时是分析所产生的气体;用红外光谱法分析时是分析所产生的液态低聚级份。有鉴于此,许多二烯类聚合物和含氯聚合物的热解红外光谱与其原始物的光谱并不雷同。     

我国润滑油氧化安定性试验方法标准及研究进展

将国内23项润滑油氧化安定性试验方法标准分为旋转氧弹法、氧化管法、设备模拟法和仪器分析法进行了归纳总结;概述了热失重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、高效液相色谱测定仪和傅立叶变换红外光谱测定仪等现代分析仪器在润滑油安定性试验中的应用和研究进展情况。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。