Broadband impedance matching via lossless unsymmetrical lattice networks

In this paper, a broadband impedance matching network (equalizer) design algorithm has been proposed. In the equalizer, a lossless unsymmetrical lattice network has been utilized. The branch impedances of the lattice network are considered as singly terminated lossless LC networks, since it is not desired to dissipate power in the equalizer. After giving the algorithm, its usage has been illustrated via an example.     

A Passive Broadband Impedance Equalizer for Improving the Input Return Loss of Electro-Absorption Modulators

Based on the context of an electro-absorption modulator integrated laser and the industry's standard 7-pin package having a RF connector, a complete module design that incorporates a simple yet effective broadband impedance equalizer to improve the input return loss of electro-absorption modulators (EAM) is proposed. The passive broadband impedance equalizer effectively reduces the input return loss of the EAM from between -9.84 and -5.26 dB to between -11.5 and -9.35 dB over a frequency range from 4.4 to 12.2 GHz without having to add a resistor in series with the EAM or reducing the EAM absorption-layer capacitance from the value that was optimized for optimal optical performance.     

A Lumped Circuit for Wideband Impedance Matching of a Non-Resonant, Short Dipole or Monopole Antenna

A new technique is proposed for wideband impedance matching of short dipole- or monopole-like antennas in the VHF-UHF bands. Instead of constructing the network topology for every particular antenna, we propose a simple network of one fixed topology. This network is an inductive L-section cascaded with a high-pass T-section. The network includes five discrete components—three inductors and two capacitors. Although the approach is not general, the paper proves that matching with the present network is close to the theoretical limit impedance matching confirmed by Bode-Fano theory. The matching performance also approaches the performance of the Carlin's equalizer for short dipoles and monopoles. The dipoles and monopoles may have different shape and different matching bandwidths. By using the matching circuit of fixed topology we avoid greater difficulties related to the practical realization of the Carlin's equalizer. The key point is to minimize the antenna's matching network complexity (and loss) so that the circuit can be designed and constructed in a straightforward manner.      

射频功率放大器的宽带匹配设计

多倍频程功率放大器具有显著的优点,同轴电缆阻抗变换器能实现射频功率放大器有效的宽带匹配。在给出同轴电缆阻抗变换器方案设计的基础上,详细介绍了其基本原理以及1∶1和1∶4同轴变换器的具体结构及等效电路。针对工程需要,以同轴电缆阻抗变换器为宽带匹配网络的核心,设计了一款超宽带匹配功率放大器,经软件仿真优化及测试验证,阻抗匹配准确,测试结果达到了技术指标要求。     

宽带功率均衡器的匹配电路设计

将宽带匹配理论引入功率均衡器的分析,并基于分析设计了一个6～18GHz均衡器的匹配网络。电阻加载后的谐振枝节特性对均衡器很重要,也正由于该谐振枝节的引入,将引入失匹配,则要对谐振枝和输入输出端口进行匹配。基于对谐振枝节特性、枝节间匹配网络及匹配约束理论的分析,成功设计了一个频段为6～18GHz的微波均衡器。     

基于简化实频方法的宽带天线阻抗匹配网络设计

给出了一种便于工程应用的宽带天线阻抗匹配网络设计方法.在简化实频方法的基础上通过遍历不同网络阶数和零频传输零点阶数下的优化过程,避免了简化实频方法中丢失潜在优良解的问题.设计过程引入对网络的匹配性能和物理实现难易程度的权衡考虑,从所有优化结果中选择最终方案,具有较大的工程实用价值.针对一个实际小型短波宽频带天线的阻抗匹...     

基于改进简化实频技术的超宽带功率放大器设计

该文提出了一种基于改进简化实频算法的跨多倍频超宽带功率放大器。结合负载牵引技术,分析晶体管负载端的最优阻抗值变化。通过改进简化实频法中的优化目标和误差函数,对频段内选取多个频点的最优阻抗进行分析,设计并优化出了功率放大器的输出匹配电路,提高了功放的工作带宽。测试结果显示,在 0.5～2.7 GHz频段内,饱和输出功率达到 42.5 dBm,饱和漏极效率为 64%～75%。     

半模基片集成波导增益均衡器的设计和实现

针对增益均衡器小型化的发展趋势和要求,设计了多子结构单元级联的Ku波段的半模基片集成增益均衡器.谐振子单元与主传输线在三层介质基板上,成空间立体分布,构成七层结构;提出了利用多节微带线枝节进行阻抗匹配的过渡带设计方法,根据坐标变换分析得到HMSIW谐振腔的主模;采用羟基铁填充的吸收柱阵列调节衰减量和Q值,给出了该结构均衡器的设计步骤.与微带均衡器相比,该均衡器提高了Q值,减小了损耗.测试结果表明,该结构保持了和腔体类均衡器相同的性能,同时缩小了体积,实测结果与目标均衡曲线吻合度较好,最大差值为0.6dB.行波管与均衡器联测后,输出增益波动小于±0.4dB.     

30～512MHz,100W线性功率放大器极间匹配设计

设计了一种独特的极间匹配网络,使驱动放大器的输出阻抗直接匹配到末级放大器的输入阻抗,而不通过极间50Ω匹配转换。应用这种极间匹配网络,提高了30～512 MHz,100 W功率放大器的线性输出功率和效率,同时简化了匹配网络,减少了匹配元件,缩小了功率放大器的体积。这种极间匹配网络是通过集中L、C匹配网络与宽带同轴传输线变压器相结合实现的。应用ADS软件模拟以及计算集中L、C元件的值和同轴电缆的长度,使设计的极间匹配网络在近十个倍频程的频带内获得最佳性能。     

A design method for lumped broadband MMIC matching networks withsemiuniform frequency-dependent losses

A design method for broadband MMIC matching networks which consist of lumped inductors and capacitors is presented. Based on a fictitious transformation between the lossy network and the lossless one, the transducer power gain (TPG) of the lossy network is calculated using impedance matrix and transmission parameter matrix methods. Then, on the basis of the result of TPG optimization, the matching network can be synthesized. Since only the complexity of the matching network needs to be specified, the advantage of the real frequency technique of B.S. Yarman and H.J. Carlin (1982) is retained. In this design procedure the frequency-dependent losses of lumped elements can be considered. Thus the actual gain response tends to coincide with the desired performance more than when the element losses are neglected. An example is given to show the application of the method to broadband GaAs FET amplifier design     

Design of broadband class-F power amplifier for multiband LTE handsets applications

A broadband class-F power amplifier for multiband LTE handsets applications is developed across 2.3-2.7 GHz. The power amplifier maintains constant fundamental impedance at the output matching circuit which is operating for broadband. The nearly zero of second harmonic impedance and nearly infinity of third harmonic impedance are found for highly efficient class-F PA. The harmonic control circuits are immersed into the broadband output matching for fundamental frequency. For demonstration, the PA is implemented in InGaP/GaAs HBT process, and tested across the frequency range of 2.3-2.7 GHz using a long-term evolution signal. The presented PA delivers good performance of high efficiency and high linearity, which shows that the broadband class-F PA supports the multiband LTE handsets applications.     

一种短波鞭状宽带天线的设计

设计了一种短波鞭状宽带天线,天线体高度为10 m,直径为10 cm,利用FEKO电磁仿真软件建立了仿真模型。通过对天线体进行两点集总元件加载来改善天线低频段阻抗特性,利用遗传算法优化了加载点和加载位置,并在天线馈电端运用改进实频法进行匹配网络设计,使得天线在3³0 MHz频段内阻抗平稳。计算了天线的驻波比、增益和效率,并实际制作了一副天线进行了测试,实测天线驻波比和仿真计算结果相吻合,最大驻波比不超过2.8,可以和宽带发射机良好匹配,实现了天线的宽带化。     

A New Method of Broad-Band Equalization Applied to Microwave Amplifiers

A new approach to broad-band matching which bypasses analytic gain-bandwidth theory and directly utilizes measured real frequency impedance data is applied to gain equalization and low-noise design of GaAs Shottky-barrier FET amplifiers. Neither the equalizer topology nor the analytic form of the system transfer function are initially assumed. These result from the design process. Examples include an octave-band FET amplifier design and a low-noise FET amplifier design. The equalizers are realized with lumped elements or transmission-fine sections. A single basic least squares program implements the design procedure.     

An impedance-matching technique for increasing the bandwidth ofmicrostrip antennas

The nature of the inherent narrow bandwidth of conventional microstrip patch antennas is considered. It is observed that, except for single-feed circularly polarized elements, their bandwidth is limited only by the resonant behavior of the input impedance and not by radiation pattern or gain variations, which usually are negligible over a moderate 10 to 20% bandwidth. Therefore, broadband impedance matching is proposed as a natural to increase the bandwidth. The maximum obtainable bandwidth is calculated using Fano's broadband matching theory. It is found that by using an optimally designed impedance-matching network, the bandwidth can be increased by a factor of at least 3.9, the exact value depending on the degree of matching required. A transmission-line prototype for a proper matching network is developed. The translation of this prototype network into a practical structure (e.g. a microstrip or stripline circuit) is considered. Practical design examples and experimental results which clearly show the validity of the technique are given     

基于新型输出结构的宽带高效率功率放大器

提出一种具有新型匹配网络的宽带高效率功率放大器,以及利用开路扇形微带线构成的紧凑型输出匹配网络,并给出了阻抗推导过程。该输出匹配网络在一定带宽条件下能满足晶体管的高效率所对应的阻抗设计空间要求。为了进一步拓展带宽,采用阶跃式阻抗匹配方法设计输入匹配网络。通过理论分析与仿真,最后设计并制作了一款频段为1~3.1 GHz的宽带高效率J类功率放大器。测试结果表明,在该频段内漏极效率为61.4%~70.2%,输出功率为39.3~41.7 dBm,增益为9.3~11.7 dB。     

Miniaturised broadband on-chip transformer employing PPGM on MMIC for application to low impedance transformation

Using a microstrip line employing periodically perforated ground metal (PPGM) on a GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), a highly miniaturised and broadband impedance transformer was developed for application to low impedance matching in broadband. Its size was 0.132 mm/sup 2/ on GaAs substrate, which was 2.3% of the one fabricated by a conventional microstrip line. The transformer showed good RF performance over a broadband including ultra-wideband. This is the first report of an on-chip broadband impedance transformer fabricated on MMIC.     

Design of broadband single matching networks

In general commercially available software tools are preferred, to design broadband matching networks for wireless communication systems. But they need a properly selected matching network topology with good initial element values. Therefore, in this paper a new real frequency technique is presented, to generate broadband single matching networks with suitable initial element values. In the proposed method, load impedance is written in terms of ABCD-parameters of the desired matching network and the source resistor. Then, free parameters are optimized which in turn yields the desired matching network with initial element values. It is not needed to select a circuit topology for the matching network, which is the natural consequence of the matching processes. Also, there is no need to select the desired transducer power gain level; the proposed technique naturally provides a gain curve fluctuating around the final available level. Eventually, the initial design is improved by optimizing the performance of the matched system employing the commercially available computer-aided design (CAD) packages. An algorithm and two examples are given, to illustrate the utilization of the proposed technique.     

毫米波宽带高功率结环行器的研制

为了满足某宽带发射机系统的需求,需研制全Ka波段（26.5～40 GHz）的宽带波导结环行器。本文采用Y形脊波导中心结形式,多级切比雪夫阶梯阻抗匹配器实现环行器宽带阻抗匹配,利用HFSS优化环行器结构。设计的环行器实验结果为：在26.5～40 GHz范围内,插损不大于0.45 dB,隔离不小于19.5 dB,驻波不大于1.4,通过60 W平均功率实验。     

一种超声换能器阻抗匹配的研究

为了便于探鱼声纳更好的应用于小渔船,其换能器基阵应简易轻便,易于安装,因此把换能器的匹配网络放在干端,减小换能器基阵的体积与重量。为解决长线传输过程中换能器的阻抗匹配,提出了一种匹配方法,在实际应用中很好地解决了超声换能器的宽带阻抗匹配。     

非均匀宽带阻抗变换器优化设计

当对阻抗变换器总长度有一定限制时 ,传统的均匀宽带阻抗变换器中的特性阻抗可能超出实际能实现的范围 ;对于非均匀宽带阻抗变换器 ,由于取消了对每段传输线长度的限制 ,设计时有了更大的自由度 ;为了得到最佳的传输线网络参数 ,采用了混合遗传算法进行优化设计 ,引入了动态惩罚函数对适应度函数进行处理 ;数值仿真表明 :用该方法设计的宽带匹配变换器的性能优于现有的其它设计方法