聚焦离子束在微纳尺度材料力学性能研究中的应用

微纳尺度材料是指外观尺寸或其基本构成单元在10nm到10μm之间（以下简称微纳尺度）的材料或器件。个案、定性的研究表明微纳尺度材料有以下特性：其性能不能通过外推基于宏观块体材料的知识体系得到,传统的力学测试工具和方法无法满足对微纳尺度材料进行测试的要求,微纳尺度材料通常在多场耦合条件下服役。这些特性要求研究工作者持续不断地寻找和研发新的工具以期实现对微纳尺度材料的可控制备,高通量观测、操控和定量测量。双束聚焦离子束技术不仅因具有纳米级的空间分辨率而具备对微纳尺度材料的高质量成像和动态监测,而且具备纳米分辨率的定点刻蚀、诱导沉积等功能。因此,双束聚焦离子束成为研究微纳尺度材料力学性能的有力工具。综述了近年来聚焦离子束技术在微纳尺度材料类力学性能研究中的应用,并讨论了其局限性和发展趋势。     

微纳沟道技术研究DNA分子性质研究

利用精细加工聚焦离子柬技术在氮化硅绝缘晶体上研制了形状不同的微纳米沟道,并结合非接触模式原子力显微技术观察了缓冲液和DNA溶液在沟道内运动的各自形貌。对沟道内溶液的形貌特性,尤其是一种表面有纳米沟槽的DNA溶液形貌进行了分析讨论。微纳孔道与原子力显微镜成像技术相结合,有助于更多地理解生物单分子动力学和静力学等方面的性质。     

FIB／SEM双束系统在微纳加工与表征中的应用

简要回顾了聚焦离子束／扫描电子显微镜双束系统在国家纳米科学中心的应用。围绕透射电镜样品制备、扫描电子显微镜与扫描离子显微镜、纳米材料的二维与三维表征等材料表征,以及离子束直接刻蚀加工如光子晶体阵列器件原型加下、材料沉积加工如用于电学性能测试的四电极制作、指定点加工如原子力显微镜针尖修饰、三维加工、电子束曝光及其与聚焦离子束联合加工等纳米结构加工两方面,以一些具体实例分类进行了介绍。针对限制其应用的一些不利因素,如加工效率低、面积小、精度不足、加工损伤等问题,一些新技术如新型离子源Plasma、He^＋／Ne^＋离子等与现有Ga^＋聚焦离子束系统配合将成为未来发展方向。     

聚焦离子束技术制造金刚石切削刀具的研究

概述了基于聚焦离子束（Focused Ion Beam,FIB）加工技术制备金刚石切削刀具的相关研究进展,并介绍了金刚石刀具在超精密加工领域的研究背景及其制造现状。作为一种先进的微纳制造技术,聚焦离子束已在微尺度金刚石刀具制造研究中发挥了重要作用。针对金刚石刀具的刃口半径、刃形精度等核心参数,国内外相关研究者开展了聚焦离子束制造方法与工艺优化研究,实现了高质量刀具的制造,聚焦离子束加工可获得刃口半径为15～22nm的金刚石刀具制造。从微观切削基础和微纳光学元件制造两个角度,论述了聚焦离子束制造金刚石刀具的应用研究进展,介绍了其在纳米切削机理、微纳尺度光学元件制造中的应用。最后从提高FIB制造效率、应用研究拓展等角度,对该领域未来的发展进行了展望。     

纳米测量仪器和纳米加工技术

纳米科技是当今国际上的一个热点。文章对纳米科技作了简要介绍, 纳米测量和加工是纳米科技中的一个不可缺少的重要组成部分。叙述了发展纳米测量和纳米加工技术的两个主要途径：一是发展传统技术，主要是电子显微术以及最近发展起来的聚焦离子束（FIB）- 电子束数控加工中心；二是创造新的测量仪器，建立新原理和新方法，介绍了国内外电子显微镜和扫描探针显微镜这两类纳米测量分析仪器的发展、应用和生产现状。指出我国电子显微仪器和扫描探针显微镜的开发和生产面临困境，应尽快建立和加强自己的电子显微仪器和扫描探针显微镜等纳米测量和纳米加工设备制造产业，并列入国家科技发展规划。     

电子-离子双束纳米工作站

现代微电子工业迅猛发展,对电子设备的精度和功能也提出了新的要求。电子-离子双束纳米工作站是扫描电子束和聚焦离子束技术的独特融合,突破了只能对表层成像和分析的局限,它可以对样品进行三维的、表面下的观察和分析,也可以切割、研磨样品材料和沉积特定的材料,用它可以获得以前无法得到的样品信息。该工作站为研究人员和制造人员提供了一种对多种样品在纳米尺度进行修改、制作和分析的有效工具。     

聚焦离子束技术及其在微纳加工技术中的应用

聚焦离子束（FIB）技术是一种集形貌观测、定位制样、成份分析、薄膜淀积和无掩模刻蚀各过程于一身的新型微纳加工技术。它突破了只能对表层成像和分析的局限，可以对样品进行三维的、表面下的观察和分析，也可以对样品材料进行切割研磨和沉积特定材料，用它可以获得以前无法得到的样品信息。从而为研究人员和制造人员提供了一种对多种样品在纳米尺度进行修改、制作和分析的有效工具。     

Co纳米锥阵列的磁性研究

利用聚苯乙烯微球自组装法得到了单层二维晶体掩模板，利用离子束溅射沉积法在掩模板上沉积高纯Co薄膜，去除聚苯乙烯微球后得到Co纳米锥阵列。利用扫描电镜观察样品表面形貌，并利用振动样品磁强计测量其磁学特性．磁性研究表明，纳米锥颗粒为单畴颗粒，其矫顽力较薄膜样品有较大增加，剩磁比也有所改善．     

典型纳米结构制备及其测量表征

针对纳米器件中的典型几何特征,制备了3种纳米结构,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)等测量工具对所制备的纳米样板进行了测量、分析和表征。提出转换薄膜厚度为线宽的公称值、基于多层薄膜淀积技术制备纳米宽度结构的方法,制备出了具有名义线宽尺寸分别为20 nm、25 nm、35 nm的纳米栅线结构。用离线的图像分析算法对所制备的纳米线宽样板的线边缘粗糙度/线宽粗糙度(LER/LWR)以及栅线线宽的一致性进行了评估。实验表明所制备纳米线宽样板的栅线具有较好的一致性,LER/LWR值小,且具有垂直的侧壁。采用电子束直写技术(EBL)和感应耦合等离子体刻蚀(ICP)制备了名义高度为220 nm的硅台阶样板。实验表明刻蚀后栅线边缘LER/LWR的高频成分减少,相关长度变长,均方根偏差值(σ)增大。采用聚焦离子束(FIB)制备了纳米单台阶和多台阶结构,并对Z方向的尺度与加工能量之间的关系进行了分析。     

离子束轰击诱导硅表面纳米结构和铁纳米条纹

研究了氩离子束轰击诱导硅表面自组装纳米结构和铁纳米条纹的形成规律.在单晶Si(100)表面水平放置直径为2mm的铁棒,采用3 keV氩离子束垂直轰击硅样品表面.扫描电镜观察表明:在金属铁棒周围由近及远,硅表面形成纳米条纹和纳米点阵,纳米条纹向纳米点阵的过渡形貌为链状纳米椭圆结构;并在铁棒区域自组装出金属铁纳米条纹.通过阻尼Kuramoto-Sivashinsky方程对离子束作用下固体表面纳米结构的形成机理进行了合理的诠释与讨论.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to