Production of the Isomeric State of 138Cs in the Thermal Neutron Capture Reaction 137Cs(n, γ)138Cs

In order to obtain precise data of the neutron capture cross section of the reaction ¹³⁷Cs(n, γ)¹³⁸Cs, the production probability of isomer state ^138mCs was measured in this work. Targets of about 0.37MBq ¹³⁷Cs were irradiated for 3 min in. the pneumatic tube facility (Pn-3) of Kyoto University Reactor (KUR). The 1,436 keV gamma;-ray emitted from both of ^138gCs and ^138mCs was measured. A ratio of the production probability between ^138gCs and ^138mCs was deduced from time dependence of peak counts of 1,436 keV γ-ray by making use of difference of half-lives of ^138gCs (33.41 min) and ^138mCs (2.91 min). The production probability of ^138mCs was obtained as 0.75plusmn;0.18 and this value revised the effective cross section upwards by 9plusmn;2percnt;. The effective cross section ô and the thermal neutron capture cross section σo were obtained as ô=0.29±0.02 b and σ=0.27±0.03b with taking into account the production of ^138mCs.     

Study on the performance of a large-size Cs I detector for high energy γ-rays

The measurement of high-energy γ-rays is an important experimental method to study the giant resonance in a nucleus, c reaction in nuclear astrophysics, and so on. The performance of a large-size Cs I detector for crays detection is studied by comparison between the experimental measurements and GEANT4 simulation. The reliability of the simulated efficiency for low-energy γ-rays is verified by comparing with the experimental data. The efficiency of the Cs I detector for high-energy γ-rays was obtained by the GEANT4 simulation. The simulation shows that the detection efficiency of 20 Me V γ-rays can reach 3.8%.     

131I和134Cs核的衰变研究

~(131)I是一个短寿命核素,它的半衰期仅有8.02 d,但是这个核素在医学等领域内有广泛的用途,在80—475 keV能区内有七条较强的γ射线可用来刻度Ge探测器的效率。~(134)Cs有较长的寿命(T(1/2)=745.2 d),它在475—1400 keV能区内发射十条较强的γ射线,它和~(131)I合用在80—1400 keV能区可作为标准源刻度Ge探测器效率。一些作者已研究过这两个核素。本工作的目的是精确测定相对γ线发射几率和对一些较强级联γ射线作符合计数修正。     

131Cs,125I和103Pd近距离治疗源的径向剂量函数研究

临床使用新粒子源近距离治疗之前,需要对粒子源的剂量学参数进行严格确定.本文依照美国医学物理家协会TG43U1推荐的剂量计算公式来研究131Cs,125I和103Pd等近距离治疗粒子源的径向剂量函数.计算中,采用MCNP和EGSnrc两种蒙特卡罗方法;并采用液态水和固体水(Solid Water,WT1)两种材料,粒子源径向研究范围为0.5cm～8cm.在同种粒子源计算结果与前研究的比较中,本研究中在液态和固体水中计算的结果与报道中采用蒙特卡罗计算和TLD测量的结果相当一致.     

Measurement of Thermal Neutron Cross Section of ^135Cs

350keV高压倍加器辐照装置的真空系统自2005年1月安装完成后，到目前已运行12个月，其运行状况正常。     

核事故和核武器试验后牛,羊甲状腺中的^137Cs和^131I

切尔诺贝利核电站事故后,作者 Van Middles worth 每两周测量一次联邦德国乌尔姆(Ulm)地区牛甲状腺中放射性铯和碘的浓度,结果表明铯的最高平均浓度几乎与~(131)I的最大值同时出现。因此、可以考虑把落下灰早期甲状腺中所增加的~(137)Cs 同所增加的~(131)I 的比值作为落下灰源中~(137)Cs 同~(131)I 比值的指数。     

Leaching Rate Test of Nuclei Cs and Sr

A novel material-resemble verifiable cement for disposal of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing mediate-level waste has been developed. Waste form has been characterized for their compressive strength, phase composition. The cement formulation has been patented. In this experiment, the cement was mixed with simulated wastes for each composition 5 min at least. Ratio of waste to the cement is 0.45-0.55. After being packed into cylindrical molds, the grouts were cured for a period 28 days in a room temperature curing chamber at atmospheric pressure. The wasteform then     

Measurement of Thermal Neutron Cross Section of ~(135)Cs

The thermal neutron cross sections of the long-lived fission products are important for the study of nuclei structure,partitioning-transmutation of radioactive waste,neutron activation analysis,and so on. 135Cs emits pure β ray,and it has a half-life of …     

Study on accumulation of 137Cs in aquatic organisms

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Measurement of Thermal Neutron Capture Cross Section and Resonance Integral of the Reaction 133Cs(n, γ)134m,134gCs

The measurements of the thermal neutron (2,200 m/s neutron) cross section (σ₀) and the resonance integral (I ₀) of the ¹³³Cs(n, γ;) reaction were performed by an activation method to obtain fundamental data for research on the transmutation of nuclear wastes. The cross sections for the formations of the isomeric state ^134mCs and the ground state ^134mCs were measured respectively by following the behavior of the γ-ray counting rate after the irradiation.

The thermal neutron capture cross sections and the resonance integrals of the ¹³³Cs(n, γ) reaction were determined to be 2.70±0.13 b and 23.2±1.8 b for the formation of the isomeric state ^134mCs, and 26.3±1.0 b and 275±16 b for the formation of the ground state of ^134gCs. The results for the reaction ¹³³Cs(n, γ)^134m+gCs were 29.0±l.0 b and 298±16 b, respectively. As for the thermal neutron capture cross section for the formation of ^134m+gCs, the evaluated value (29.00 b) of JENDL-3.2 agreed with the present result. The reported value by Baerg et al. was in good agreement with the present result within the limits of error on the thermal neutron capture cross section for ^134mCs. On the other hand, the resonance integral for ^134m+g Cs was 32% smaller than the experimental value by Steinnes et al.     

食品中~(131)I、~(134)Cs和~(137)Cs快速检测方法研究

为应对突发事件,加快在紧急情况下食品中放射性物质的检测速度,探索和研究出一种食品中放射性物质的快速检测方法具有重要的意义。该实验通过对样品进行分类、校正,简化了样品前处理过程并验证了其可行性;通过对放射性标准源及5个不同活度梯度的食品样品的放射性检测研究,对比分析其在不同检测时间所得实验数据,研究了食品中131I、134Cs和137Cs放射性核素的快速检测所需的时间,并在对实验结果进行不确定度分析且满足实验要求的前提下,确立了该放射性快速检测的方法。     

Discussion of Data Difference Among Measured Thermal Neutron Cross Section of ^135Cs

“天光一号”系统采用诱导空间非相干（FEISI）和像传递技术实现了对靶平面的均匀辐照，但该技术并不能确保光束在激光传输路径上的近场分布均匀。虽然MOPA系统中大多数光学元件表面平均光通量不大于 1J／cm^2，     

The Separation of ~(138)Cs From Fission Products

In order to accurately measure the decay data of short-life nuclide ~(138)Cs, it is necessary to isolate andprepare radiochemical pure ~(138)Cs solution from fission products. The sample of ~(138)Cs must be separated from fresh fission products. As the existence of more than oneisotopes of an element, it is impossible that individual isotope is isolated directly from the complex fission     

Clinical significance of combined determination of serum PG I ,PGⅡ and GAS for diagnosis of gastric cancer

To evaluate the clinical value of combined determination of serum PG I, PG Ⅱ and GAS for early diagnosis of gastric cancer, the serum levels of PG I, PG Ⅱ and GAS in 190 healthy controls and 129 patients with gastric disorders were measured by RIA. The 129 patients include 68 cases of gastric cancer. The results showed that the serum levels of PG I and PG I/PG Ⅱ ratio in gastric cancer patients were obviously lower than those in healthy controls, while comparing with controls, the serum GAS levels were significantly higher. The diagnostic accuracy of the determinations for gastric cancer was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis. The area under the curve （AUC） levels of serum PG I, PG I/PG Ⅱ ratio and GAS were 0.833, 0.842 and 0.851, respectively. As serum PG I or PG I/PG II ratio or GAS were combined, the sensitivity and specificity of determination for gastric cancer diagnosis were 94.2% and 73.4%, respectively. All these results indicated that the combined determination of serum PG I, PG Ⅱ and GAS levels may be used as a tool for primary screening of gastric cancer.     

Radiogenotoxicological effect of signal nuclide 134Cs on somatic and germ cells

Chromosome at aberation rates in bone marrow cells and micronucleus formation in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes both rise with increase in radioactivities of 134Cs,and can be fitted to power functions of radioactivities of 134Cs.In spermatogonia 134Cs mainly induced chromatid breakage,and abnormalities in sperm can also be experessed as power functions of radioactivities of 134 Cs.     

福岛核事故后上海气溶胶中~(131)I、~(134)Cs和~(137)Cs的来源途径分析

利用对气溶胶中典型放射性核素(~(131)I和134,~(137)Cs)的分析,可以评估福岛核事故产生的放射性物质对上海及全球的大气放射性本底水平造成的影响。本工作结合核事故释放过程、核素的天然衰变以及气象条件等因素,获得核事故期间上海的气溶胶中~(131)I和134,~(137)Cs活度浓度及其比值的分布特征:~(131)I被检出的时间(2011-03-27)早于~(134)Cs(2011-04-06)和~(137)Cs(2011-04-08),~(131)I的活度浓度(0.01~1.20 mBq/m3)比~(134)Cs(0.01~0.58mBq/m3)和~(137)Cs(0.01~0.65mBq/m3)大2~10倍,而且在不同的时间段出现相应的多峰值现象;~(131)I/~(137)Cs活度浓度比值(1.3~10.6)在2011年4月5日之后呈递减趋势,但是~(134)Cs/~(137)Cs活度浓度比值(0.8~2.9)则一直在1.1左右波动。利用HYSPLIT模型模拟放射性气团运移轨迹的分析方法,表明在核事故期间输入到上海的放射性气溶胶的途径有东北和西北两条主要迁移路径。同时通过结合国内相关城市核事故期间大气放射性监测数据,证实了东北路径在中国境内的控制地位。另外,通过总结和分析北半球大气监测数据中~(131)I/~(137)Cs和~(134)Cs/~(137)Cs活度浓度比值最大值的分布特征,验证了日本核事故产生的放射性气溶胶在北半球的传输过程。     

便携式γ谱仪对137Cs、131I液样探测效率的刻度

便携式γ谱仪主要用于主冷却剂水样中典型核素的现场辅助识别及其活度浓度的测量分析。为确定典型核素特征峰净面积和水样中该核素活度浓度的关系,必须进行源峰效率刻度。本文通过测量¹³³Ba、¹³⁷Cs、⁶⁰Co 3种核素的混合溶液得到效率刻度曲线,然后对不同活度浓度的¹³⁷Cs标准溶液、¹³¹I标准模拟溶液进行测量。结果表明,谱仪均能正确识别¹³⁷Cs、¹³¹I核素,活度浓度测量的相对误差均<10%,初步满足元件破损监测精度和灵敏度的需求。     

Discussion of Data Difference Among Measured Thermal Neutron Cross Section of ~(135)Cs

Fission product 135Cs emits pure β rays, it has a half life of 2.3×106 a and a yield of 6.53% in 235U fission. It’s one of the most important nuclides for high-level waste disposal.