基于压电基因传感器的DNA计算

压电基因传感器是一种新型的生物传感器,它把压电传感器的灵敏性和DNA杂交反应相结合．与传统的基因检测技术相比,它具有结构简单、无需标记、检测时间短、检测信号易处理等特点．将它用于分子运算,与常规的DNA芯片相比,它的检测结果更易于进行自动化处理,因此便于构建大规模的分子运算机器．文中在压电基因传感器和新兴学科DNA计算的基础上,给出了解决0-1规划问题新的DNA计算方法,并指出以前两种基于表面DNA计算在解决这一问题时的不足．与以往的DNA计算方法相比其输出的是电信号,因此具有操作易自动化、识别解更方便和高信息量的优点．与使用常规DNA芯片的表面DNA计算相比,使用压电基因传感器进行DNA计算可以克服可行解识别困难的问题．压电基因传感器技术有望成为新的分子运算工具,可作为构建自动化的DNA计算机的基础．     

Protein output for DNA computing

In recent years, several strategies for DNA based molecular computing have been investigated. An important area of research is the detection and analysis of output molecules. We demonstrate how DNA computing can be extended with in vivo translation of the output. In the resulting proteins, the information per kilogram is about 15-fold higher than in the original DNA output. The proteins are therefore of correspondingly smaller mass, which facilitates their subsequent detection using highly sensitive mass spectrometry methods. We have tested this approach on an instance of the Minimal Dominating Set problem. The DNA used in the computation was constructed as an open reading frame in a plasmid, under the control of a strong inducible promoter. Sequential application of restriction endonucleases yielded a library of potential solutions to the problem instance. The mixture of plasmids was then used for expression of a protein representation. Using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, a protein corresponding to the correct solution could be detected. The results indicate the feasibility of the extension of DNA computing to include protein technology. Our strategy opens up new possibilities for both scaling of DNA computations and implementations that employ output of functional molecules or phenotypes.     

A microfluidic platform for electrical detection of DNA hybridization

Current methods used for detection of DNA hybridization involve the use of DNA microarrays which require overnight incubation times along with bulky and expensive fluorescent scanners. Here, we demonstrate electrical detection of DNA hybridization in an oligonucleotide functionalized microfluidic channel. We use microchannels functionalized with DNA probes integrated with electrodes for measuring conductance across the channel. As beads conjugated with the target DNA passing through the channel are captured on the surface, we are able to electrically detect changes in resistance due to bead capture. Our assay can be completed in less than an hour using less than a microliter of reagent, and has the potential for extensive multiplexing. Such a device can be useful as a handheld platform in a clinical setting where one would need to rapidly genotype a small number of genes rapidly.     

Toward Intelligent Vehicle Intrusion Detection Using the Neural Knowledge DNA

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we propose a novel intrusion detection approach using past driving experience and the neural knowledge DNA for in-vehicle information system security. The neural knowledge DNA is a novel knowledge representation method designed to support discovering, storing, reusing, improving, and sharing knowledge among machines and computing systems. We examine our approach for classifying malicious vehicle control commands based on learning from past valid driving behavior data on a simulator.     

Incorporation and use of modified nucleotides in aqueous DNA computing

The concept of aqueous computing involves the use of large numbers of initially identical molecules to serve as memory registers in a fluid environment. Here, we test a new approach to aqueous computing where modified nucleotides are used to “write” on double-stranded DNA molecules to establish the logical values of true or false for a set of clauses. We introduce an implementation scenario where binding proteins specific to each modification can be used to selectively isolate DNA fragments with these modified nucleotides. In addition, we present initial results showing successful incorporation and detection of modifications. We have successfully labeled DNA fragments with four modifications, specifically Alexa Fluor-488, BODIPY-FL, biotin, and digoxigenin using polymerase chain reaction. The first two produce fluorescent molecules that can be distinguished by their color. We have confirmed that binding proteins or antibodies to these four modifications are specific and do not detect the other modifications. We have also successfully separated the DNAs labeled with Alexa Fluor and biotin using binding proteins. We present attempts at rebinding these modified molecules to a second binding protein; the equivalent of applying more than one clause to a set of values. We have found some challenges with this approach that likely can be resolved with further work. As there are millions of molecules with corresponding binding proteins, this approach has the potential to yield unlimited computing power as compared with other aqueous computing methods.     

DNA逻辑计算模型的研究现状与展望

DNA计算因其优异的计算能力已经成为当前研究热点,DNA逻辑计算模型是DNA计算体系与运算实现的重要依托。按应用技术将现有DNA逻辑计算模型进行分类：基于链置换的DNA逻辑计算模型、基于核酶的DNA逻辑计算模型、基于G-quadruplex的DNA逻辑计算模型、基于DNA自组装的逻辑计算模型、基于其他分子技术和分子材料的DNA逻辑计算模型。首先阐述了DNA逻辑计算的研究背景和研究目的以及现阶段在生物分子检测、疾病诊断、多因素分析和生物成像等领域的应用并简述其相关概念;然后梳理各DNA逻辑计算模型的研究历史和现状,分析各类逻辑计算模型所应用的分子操控技术和分子材料以及优缺点和应用前景;最后归纳总结DNA逻辑计算领域当前研究热点和发展前景,为未来提出全新的计算方式奠定基础,为信息、医疗等领域提供更好的服务。     

利用分布式运算实现DNA序列间物理特性的比较

在DNA序列相关物理特性的模拟计算中,计算时间随DNA比较序列数的增加而延长。该研究成功应用分布式运算实现了对DNA序列间相关物理特性的模拟计算。该研究表明:对较大的DNA序列进行比较时,使用JavaParty和增加线程数能有效地缩短运行时间。     

求解0-1规划问题的DNA计算模型(英文)

DNA计算是以DNA分子作为数据的一种新型计算模式．在DNA计算中首要面对的问题是编码问题．文中提出了一种双编码方法,利用这种编码方法可以使得在DNA计算的读解过程类似于DNA测序过程,容易实现自动化操作．基于该编码方法所建立的DNA计算模型可用于求解0-1规划问题,只需4次PCR反应即可读取问题的可行解．与其他DNA计算模型相比,该模型具有操作简单、易于实现的优点．     

图顶点着色问题的DNA计算模型

DNA计算是以DNA分子作为数据的一种新型计算模式.为了减少DNA计算中编码的数量,不降低生化实验操作的可靠性,文中建立了一种基于酶切技术和PCR技术的图顶点着色DNA计算模型,给出了实现该模型的双编码的编码方案.分析表明,利用酶切技术和PCR技术能够有效删除非解并读取真解.该模型的解的检测方法类似于DNA测序技术,使得该模型更容易实现自动化操作.     

DNA fragment assembly using a grid-based genetic algorithm

In this paper we propose a genetic algorithm (GA) for solving the DNA fragment assembly problem in a computational grid. The algorithm, which is named GrEA, is a steady-state GA which uses a panmitic population, and it is based on computing parallel function evaluations in an asynchronous way. We have implemented GrEA on top of the Condor system, and we have used it to solve the DNA assembly problem. This is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem which is growing in importance and complexity as more research centers become involved on sequencing new genomes. While previous works on this problem have usually faced 30 K base pairs (bps) long instances, we have tackled here a 77 K bps long one to show how a grid system can move research forward. After analyzing the basic grid algorithm, we have studied the use of an improvement method to still enhance its scalability. Then, by using a grid composed of up to 150 computers, we have achieved time reductions from tens of days down to a few hours, and we have obtained near optimal solutions when solving the 77 K bps long instance (773 fragments). We conclude that our proposal is a promising approach to take advantage of a grid system to solve large DNA fragment assembly problem instances and also to learn more about grid metaheuristics as a new class of algorithms for really challenging problems.     

DNA计算中的信息安全技术

DNA计算是一种模拟生物分子的结构并借助于分子生物技术进行计算的新模式。它引入了崭新的数据结构和计算方法,为解决NP完全问题提供了全新的途径。由于DNA计算具有信息处理的高并行性、低能耗及高存储密度等优点,对传统的基于计算安全的密码体系提出了挑战。DNA密码便是近年来伴随着DNA计算的研究而出现的密码学新领域。用DNA分子作为信息载体,以实现数据隐藏、认证、加密等安全技术。在简要回顾DNA计算原理的基础上,详细分析了基于DNA的一次一密方案以及Boneh用DNA计算机破解DES的方法;最后探讨在DNA计算中的信息安全技术。     

自组装DNA计算的研究进展及展望

近年来,许多研究者已经证明二维自组装模型有通用计算能力,同时证明了自组装DNA计算具有可扩展性。随着分子生物学技术的发展,自组装DNA计算有着广阔的应用前景,在纳米科学、优化计算、密码学、医学等众多科学领域中有突破性的创新与应用。较全面地介绍了自组装DNA计算的研究现状、原理、分子结构和数学模型,以及自组装DNA计算的复杂度和误差分析,并对自组装DNA计算待研究的问题和发展前景进行了分析和展望。     

DNA计算与DNA计算机研究进展与展望

DNA computing is a new method based on biochemical reactions and molecular biology technology.The paper first introduces the basic principle and advantages of DNA computing, and then surveys DNA computing and DNA computer, finally, points out current existing problems and future search directions of DNA computing and DNA computer.     

DNA计算模型的研究

DNA计算模型在DNA计算的各个研究领域中占有重要的地位,对DNA计算模型进行研究是有意义的。首先回顾了DNA计算模型的发展历史;然后从DNA的基本结构入手研究了DNA计算的机理,并对DNA计算的过程进行了详细分析,从而归纳出DNA计算模型的基本概念;再对DNA计算模型按照DNA计算的物质形态进行了分类并对每一类DNA计算模型的理论及其应用进行了详细的分析。     

计算科学的新领域：DNA计算（Ⅲ）

DNA计算是应用分子生物技术进行计算的新方法.从理论上研究DNA计算方法，有利于推动理论计算科学的发展.本系列文章应用形式语言及自动机理论技术，系统地探讨了DNA分子的可计算性及其计算能力.本文主要介绍DNA剪接计算模型的文法结构和剪接计算方法，探讨了不同DNA剪接计算模型的计算能力，证明了所有图灵机可计算的函数理论上都可以通过DNA剪接计算模型来计算.     

计算科学的新领域：DNA计算（Ⅰ）

DNA计算是应用分子生物技术进行计算的新方法。从理论上研究DNA计算方法，有利于推动理论计算科学的发展。本系列文章应用形式语言及自动机理论技术，系统地探讨了DNA分子的可计算性及其计算能力。本文主要介绍常用DNA分子操作方法，并根据DNA分子的结构及特点，给出了DNA分子的形式化描述。     

计算科学的新领域：DNA计算（Ⅱ）

DNA计算是应用分子生物技术进行计算的新方法。从理论上研究DNA计算方法，有利于推动理论计算科学的发展。本系列文章应用形式语言及自动机理论技术，系统地探讨了DNA分子的可计算性及其计算能力。本文主要介绍DNA分子粘接计算模型的文法结构和计算方法，探讨了不同粘接计算模型的计算能力，并证明了DNA有穷自动机与正规文法的等价性。     

DNA并行计算中的B-树数据结构的设计与实现

DNA分子特性使得DNA计算具有极大的存储密度和高度的计算并行性。不管何种计算模型,DNA分子的选择和DNA编码都十分重要。提出了DNA计算中的B-树的数据结构设计方法。首先给出了B-树定义及其操作的形式化描述,接着介绍了本计算模型采用的3D结构DNA分子——k-arms分子结构,详细给出了一棵m阶B-树的构造步骤,最后实现了其查找、插入和删除等操作。提出了DNA分子计算的3D结构和分治策略,具有一定的可扩展性和并行性,对DNA计算的其他模型有参考价值。     

DNA计算原理及系统分析

DNA计算是一种模拟生物分子DNA的结构并借助于分子生物技术进行计算的新方法,它开创了以化学反应作为计算工具的先例,具有广阔的应用前景。DNA计算的两个主要特点是计算的高度并行性和巨大的信息存储容量。该文简要介绍了DNA计算的原理及其数学计算的基本思想;对DNA计算的特点及其系统进行了分析。比较了DNA计算机与图灵机的异同;最后对DNA计算的发展前景进行展望。