染料敏化太阳能电池中酞菁光敏剂的固定基团的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)是太阳能电池中非常有潜力的一个研究方向。敏化染料作为DSSC重要的组成部分在很大的程度上影响着DSSC的光电转化效率,酞菁是一种非常重要的光敏剂,近年来受到广泛的关注。酞菁结构的细微变化都会影响到其HOMO、LUMO能级,影响激发电子注入半导体极板的效率,从而影响太阳能电池效率。本文以酞菁与TiO2的固定基团为主介绍了近年来酞菁染料分子的设计研究进展。     

太阳能电池中的几种新型敏化剂

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)是近几十年来发展起来的新型的高效率、低成本的电池,而染料敏化剂的性能对DSSC的光电转换效率有重要的影响.介绍了敏化剂对TiO2的敏化作用机理,并着重概述了染料太阳能电池中的几种新型敏化剂的设计合成,在此基础上,指出研制高光电转换效率、成本低廉、环境友好、具有良好稳定性的敏化剂是未来敏化剂...     

微藻提取物衍生叶绿酸敏化剂的制备及其敏化性能研究

染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSC)是一种新型的光电化学太阳能电池,制作工艺简单,成本低,具有较好的应用前景。以钝顶螺旋藻和莱茵衣藻萃取物为原料,衍生制备叶绿酸敏化剂,作为DSSC的光敏剂,发现在叶绿酸敏化剂溶液中适量保留天然微藻磷脂类共吸附剂有助于改善叶绿酸的敏化性能,提高电池的光电转化效率,所制备的钝顶螺旋藻和莱茵衣藻叶绿酸敏化剂DSSC的光电转化效率分别达到了4.28%和4.40%。     

碳纳米管在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

染料敏化太阳能电池结合了染料光敏剂和无机半导体的优势,具有较宽的光谱响应范围、对环境友好、制造工艺简单等特点,应用前景广阔。碳纳米管特殊的几何形状和导电性对于提高染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率有显著作用。本文介绍了碳纳米管在有机染料敏化太阳能电池中各个主要工作部分的应用。     

天然染料在染料敏化太阳能电池中的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)为无机固态光伏电池提供了可靠的可代替概念。染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率主要依赖于纳米晶多孔半导体TiO2薄膜电极的染料。由于天然染料的低成本和工艺制备简单的优点,天然染料作为敏化剂已成为DSSC研究热点。作为DSSC的敏化剂的天然染料,如花青素类、胡萝卜素类、叶绿素类、类黄酮,可从不同植物不同部分提取出。主要介绍和讨论天然敏化剂的发展和实用化必须解决的关键问题。     

基于卟啉类有机染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池结合了染料敏化剂和无机半导体的优势,具有较宽的光谱响应范围,理论光电转换效率高、透明度高、制造工艺简单、成本较低、对原料纯度要求不高、寿命长、对环境友好、应用前景广阔等,因而在最近的二十年中引起人们的广泛兴趣。染料光敏化剂是染料敏化太阳能电池中一个关键的组成部分,起吸收太阳光并向载体转移电子的作用,它的性能将直接影响电池的光电转换效率。文章以卟啉及其配合物为主线,简要介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的基本构造和光电原理,重点介绍了各种卟啉类光敏剂在染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池中的应用。     

稀土上转换发光在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

经过20余年的发展,染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的光电转换效率已经超过13%,但仍然无法与传统的晶硅太阳能电池相媲美。稀土上转换发光材料可以将近红外光转换为可见光,提高染料吸收光子的数量。从该角度出发,总结介绍了在DSSC中应用稀土离子上转换发光材料的两种常见模式,指出了有待解决的关键科学问题,展望了未来的发展方向。     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池（dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSC）由于工艺简单、价格便宜、转换效率高等优点而受到大量关注。本文介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的基本结构和工作原理,综述了染料敏化太阳能电池的研究现状,论述了光阳极上半导体薄膜的制备、改性方法;阐述了敏化染料和氧化还原电解质的要求、特点和分类。指出高性能半导体薄膜、光谱响应宽稳定性好的敏化染料以及高效全固态电解质的研发与应用是今后的主要研究方向。     

染料敏化太阳能电池非铂对电极研究进展

对电极作为染料敏化太阳能电池（dye-sensitized solar cell,DSSC）的重要组成部分,对电极材料性能的好坏直接影响着染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率。最常使用的对电极电催化材料是贵金属铂,而铂十分稀少而且价格昂贵,并且铂很容易被碘电解液腐蚀,不利于染料敏化太阳能电池的产业化发展。本文重点综述了2010年以来染料敏化太阳能电池非铂对电极的研究成果,简要说明了对电极在染料敏化太阳能电池中的作用,详细介绍了非铂金属、碳材料、导电聚合物和无机化合物等对电极材料,分析了各类非铂对电极材料的特点、制备工艺、发展前景、优缺点和改进措施。最后提出,继续开发各种成本低、原料易得以及稳定高效的新型非金属对电极材料仍是今后染料敏化太阳能电池研究的一个重要方向。     

卟啉类光敏剂配位自组装超分子太阳能电池

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)具备了染料光敏剂和无机半导体的优势,由于DSSC成本较低,绿色环保及制作工艺简单,因此,其应用前景广阔。卟啉及其衍生物是一类具有优良光电性能的有机半导体材料。介绍了卟啉光敏剂研究现状及配位自组装的应用,综述了近年来构建的"第一代、第二代"配位自组装太阳能电池,展望了超分子太阳能电池的研究与开发思路。     

以ZIF-8为前驱体制备ZnO-TiO2复合材料及其敏化太阳能电池性能的研究

通过硝酸锌与2-甲基咪唑反应制备沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料(ZIF-8),利用钛酸正四丁酯在ZIF-8表面水解得到ZIF/TiO2复合材料。在空气气氛中于不同温度条件下对ZIF/TiO2复合材料进行热处理得到不同的ZnO/TiO2复合材料,并应用于DSSC的光阳极,测试电池的光电流-光电压特征曲线,对测试结果进行分析。结果表明:不同ZnO/TiO2复合材料为光阳极材料制备的DSSC,光电转换效率与直接热处理制备的ZnO单相材料相比有了显著提高,其中热处理温度为600℃时,材料具备最高的光电转换效率,为3.69%,比直接热处理制备的ZnO单相材料0.78%的光电转换效率提高了373%,说明加入TiO2制备复合材料可以大幅度提高ZnO基DSSC的光电性能。     

静电纺制备TiO_2光阳极在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

简介了静电纺丝的基本原理和结构,综述了静电纺丝制备的TiO2光阳极在染料敏化太阳能电池方面的研究状况及其今后发展重点。研究进展表明,染料敏化太阳能电池是一种非常具有前景的太阳能转换装置,以其高效率,廉价的制造成本吸引了极大的关注;而静电纺技术具有制造装置简单、工艺可控、廉价、可工业化生产等优点,相较于颗粒状的光阳极,静电纺纤维光阳极电子扩散系数大和表面积大,在光阳极方面具有其独特的优势。     

An inverted fabrication method towards a flexible dye sensitized solar cell based on a free-standing TiO2 nanowires membrane

This paper reports an inverted fabrication process for the photoanode of a flexible dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). This procedure involves assembling a free-standing TiO₂ nanowires/nanoparticles hybrid membrane, via high temperature annealing, sputtering an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer onto this membrane, and transferring these onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The inverted procedure prevents thermal decomposition of polymer substrate, whilst enabling effective thermal treatment of the functionalized titanium oxide. The flexible DSSC fabricated in this way has an efficiency of 2.7%, which is comparable with rigid device constructed using similar materials.     

Synthesis of a novel imidazolium-based electrolytes and application for dye-sensitized solar cells

A series of new imidazolium-based oligomers with different length of a poly(ethylene glycol) moiety as a linker were synthesized and studied as electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). These oligomeric molecules are expected to have an intra- or inter-molecular hydrogen bonding interaction through its urethane and urea bonds. They can be used to prepare the liquid-type electrolytes for DSSC by dissolving them into conventional solvent system or to develop solvent-free electrolytes by incorporating an extra redox mediator and other functional materials together as additives. It was found that these oligomers could replace the cationic component of the conventional electrolytes and became the source of redox species when iodine is added. The photocurrent-voltage characteristics of DSSCs with the electrolytes containing these oligomers demonstrated that they can successfully replace the conventional ionic liquid-type electrolytes such as 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide (PMII) in 3-methoxypropionitrile (MPN) if the length of the linker is optimized.     

Surface plasmonic effect of Ag enfold ZnO pyramid nanostructured photoanode for enhanced dye sensitized solar cell application

A green approach to synthesize three dimensional pyramid structured ZnO and Ag decorated ZnO nanoparticles were developed by one pot hydrothermal method and they were successfully applied as photoanode for DSSC. Neem extract was utilized to control the size of Ag particles. The structural and morphological properties of synthesized samples of ZnO and Ag-ZnO nanocomposites have been investigated by XRD, FESEM, and HRTEM analysis respectively. The XPS studies were performed for scrutinizing the binding energy of ZnO and Ag-ZnO nanostructured materials. The UV–VIS absorption spectrum of Ag-ZnO nanostructure displaced absorption towards visible region than the pristine ZnO. The electrochemical properties of both ZnO and Ag-ZnO nanostructure were studied using EIS (Electrochemical impedance spectra). The photoconversion efficiency of Ag-ZnO based DSSC cell showed an efficiency of 3.51% which has higher conversion efficiency than pristine ZnO (2.62%).     

Theoretical modelling of the electrode thickness effect on maximum power point of dye‐sensitized solar cell

The maximum power point (MPP) of a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is often more important than the open‐circuit voltage and the short‐circuit current as MPP better represents the DSSC power output and energy conversion efficiency. In this investigation, the DSSC J–V characteristics and MPP were studied using a simple theoretical electron diffusion model. Parametric analyses were performed to determine the particular effect of electrode thickness on the MPP output. The analytical results are well consistent with the experimental results published in the literature. In the optimization analysis, it was specially found that the optimal electrode thickness for the highest MPP is rather insensitive to the operating conditions. It implies that an optimally designed DSSC can be always operated at its highest MPP regardless of any geographical, seasonal, and solar hour factors. Such an important attribute facilitates the design and manufacture of DSSC for worldwide commercialization at competitive costs.     

An efficient thiolate/disulfide redox couple based dye-sensitized solar cell with a graphene modified mesoscopic carbon counter electrode

Graphene sheet is used to modify mesoscopic carbon materials through electrostatic induced self-assembly and applied as a Pt-free counter electrode (CE) in a thiolate/disulfide redox couple based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The electrochemical characterization are carried out with Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization, which indicates that the catalytic activity of mesoscopic carbon CE is dramatically improved and the mass transport of the thiolate/disulfide redox couple in the pores of mesoscopic carbon electrode was accelerated via being modified with graphene. As a result, efficiency up to 6.55% is obtained, which is increased by 35% than that of the normal mesoscopic carbon CE. It could be expected that Pt-free graphene modified mesoscopic carbon materials promise tremendous potential for iodine-free DSSC.     

ZnO材料的制备及其在染料敏化电池上的应用研究

分别以不同质量的生物分子牛血清蛋白为模板剂,制备了不同大小粒径的ZnO半导体材料,并将其用作染料敏化太阳能电池的光阳极材料。结果发现,大颗粒(粒径为600 nm)的光电效率为0.473%,低于小颗粒(粒径为100 nm)的0.645%的光电效率。研究发现,粒径大小对ZnO染料敏化电池的短路电流密度有较大的影响,粒径越大,短路电流密度越小。随着牛血清蛋白量的增加,ZnO纳米粒子的粒径逐渐增大,短路电流密度依次减小。当牛血清蛋白加入量为0.05 g时,ZnO基DSSC的光电转换效率最高。