槟榔油的超临界CO2萃取及其成分分析

目的：从槟榔籽中提取槟榔籽油,并测定其成分。方法：采用超临界CO2 流体技术萃取槟榔籽油,对其工艺条件进行优化,并用气相色谱- 质谱法(GC-MS)对槟榔籽油所含的脂肪酸种类及含量进行测定。结果：超临界萃取的最优条件为萃取温度45℃、萃取压力20MPa、CO2 流量20L/h,槟榔籽油的萃取得率为17.81%。结论：槟榔籽油中主要含棕榈酸(9.10%)、亚油酸(15.46%)和油酸(11.26%)。     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取樱桃籽油工艺及其脂肪酸分析

目的:响应面法优化樱桃籽油的微波提取工艺并对其脂肪酸进行GC-MS分析,以期优化樱桃子油的最佳提取工艺条件,并对其不饱和脂肪酸含量进行分析,为工业化生产提供依据。方法:使用响应面法优化樱桃籽油的微波辅助提取工艺,采用氢氧化钾-甲醇法对樱桃籽油进行甲酯化,并用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对樱桃籽油进行脂肪酸组成成分分析。结果:樱桃籽油提取的最佳工艺条件为微波温度60℃,微波时间7min,料液比1∶15(g/m L),微波功率600W。在此最佳提取条件下,樱桃籽油的提取得率为4.58%。GC-MS共分离出6种脂肪酸,分别为棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、十九烷酸、反-十八碳酸和十八碳二烯酸,其中棕榈酸、亚油酸、反-十八碳酸的含量分别为19.33%、30.48%、42.45%,不饱和脂肪酸总脂肪酸含量为77.87%。结论:樱桃籽油提取的最佳工艺条件为微波温度60℃,微波时间7min,料液比1∶15(g/m L),微波功率600W。GC-MS共分离出6种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸总脂肪酸含量为77.87%。     

响应曲面优化超声辅助提取山茱萸籽油工艺及其成分分析

研究以正己烷为溶剂超声辅助提取山茱萸籽油的工艺,并对其成分进行分析。采用响应曲面优化法(RSM)优化山茱萸籽油的提取工艺,确定最佳提取工艺参数为提取温度40℃、提取时间40min、液料比10:1(mL/g),在此条件下,山茱萸籽油的一次提取率为97.08%(出油率7.90%)。利用GC-MS对山茱萸籽油中脂肪酸成分进行分析,结果表明：山茱萸籽油的主要脂肪酸成分为油酸(61.89%)、硬脂酸(19.99%)、棕榈酸(7.63%)和亚油酸(6.33%)等,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的69.45%;采用高效液相色谱法测定,山茱萸籽油中VE含量为76.0mg/100g。     

紫斑牡丹籽油提取工艺的优化及脂肪酸组成的研究

以紫斑牡丹籽为原料,运用单因素和响应面中心组合设计实验(Central Composite Design,CCD),对紫斑牡丹籽油的化学提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,紫斑牡丹籽油的最佳提取时间为5.2 h、料液比1∶6.2 g/m L、温度(52±1)℃,在此条件下紫斑牡丹籽出油率可达31.36%。最佳工艺所得紫斑牡丹籽油经GC-MS分析显示共检测出18种脂肪酸,主要含有亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸,其中亚麻酸占其总脂肪酸含量的65.23%。紫斑牡丹籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量占其脂肪酸总量的96.62%,饱和脂肪酸占其脂肪酸总量的3.38%。紫斑牡丹籽仁出油率高,不饱和脂肪酸较高,脂肪酸组成及其含量符合我国健康食用油标准。     

超声波辅助提取冬瓜籽油工艺及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用超声波辅助提取冬瓜籽油,在单因素试验的基础上通过正交试验对提油工艺进行优化,通过GC-MS对所得冬瓜籽油的脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明:冬瓜籽油最优提取工艺条件为以正己烷为提取溶剂、料液比1∶5、超声功率400 W、提取温度60℃、超声时间10 min,在此条件下冬瓜籽油提取率为96.56%;所得冬瓜籽油经GC-MS共鉴定出7种脂肪酸,为棕榈酸(30.78%)、棕榈油酸(0.15%)、十七烷酸(0.21%)、油酸(5.45%)、亚油酸(48.55%)、硬脂酸(14.31%)和花生酸(0.55%);冬瓜籽油水分含量0.13%,酸值(KOH)2.16 mg/g,色泽亮橙色。     

超声波辅助提取猕猴桃籽油的工艺优化

研究超声波辅助提取猕猴桃籽油的最佳工艺条件,并分析其脂肪酸组成。采用单因素试验和正交试验,探讨了物料粒度、提取溶剂、料液比以及提取温度、提取时间、超声功率等对猕猴桃籽油提取率的影响,并对提取工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:以石油醚为提取溶剂,物料粒度40目,料液比1∶10,超声功率360 W,提取温度45℃,提取2次,每次30 m in;在此条件下提取率为31.26%。GC-MS分析表明,猕猴桃籽油主要脂肪酸组成为亚麻酸(65.3%)、油酸(14.5%)、亚油酸(13.3%)、棕榈酸(5.6%)、硬脂酸(1.3%)。     

侧柏籽油的超声辅助提取及其脂肪酸组成分析

以环己烷为提取溶剂,采用响应面法(RSM)优化超声波辅助提取侧柏籽油的工艺条件,在单因素试验基础上,选取液料比、提取时间、提取温度、超声波功率为影响因素,以侧柏籽油提取率为响应值,应用中心组合试验设计(central composite design,CCD)建立数学模型,进行响应面分析,并采用GC-MS 测定侧柏籽油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明,提取侧柏籽油的优化工艺条件为：液料比7:1(mL/g)、提取时间38min、提取温度55℃、超声波功率270W,在此工艺条件下,侧柏籽油提取率为93.47%;GC-MS 测定结果表明侧柏籽油中富含不饱和脂肪酸,总含量达到84.37%,其中油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量分别为28.41%、11.40% 44.56%。     

超声辅助提取黑莓籽油及其脂肪酸成分分析

以黑莓籽为原料,采用超声波辅助法提取黑莓籽油,通过单因素试验及正交试验,研究了提取剂、料液比、超声提取时间、超声提取功率对黑莓籽油得率的影响,确定了黑莓籽油提取的最佳工艺条件,并采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析了黑莓籽油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明,黑莓籽油提取的最佳工艺参数为:提取剂为石油醚(30～60℃),超声功率400 W,超声时间10 min,料液比1∶10,在该工艺条件下黑莓籽油的得率为17.06%。气相色谱-质谱分析表明,黑莓籽油的脂肪酸组成是亚油酸(76.00%)、亚麻酸(15.48%)、棕榈酸(5.81%)和硬脂酸(2.70%)。     

山橿籽油提取工艺优化及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用单因素实验和响应面实验,以山橿籽油得率为评价指标,对超声波辅助提取山橿籽油的工艺条件进行了优化,并用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析了山橿籽油脂肪酸组成。结果表明:以正己烷为提取溶剂,在料液比1∶18、超声功率200 W、超声提取时间16 min条件下,山橿籽油得率为44.7%。山橿籽油脂肪酸主要成分为5-十二碳烯酸(33.66%)、十二碳酸(30.48%)、十四碳酸(15.51%)、5-十四碳烯酸(8.29%)、油酸(5.69%)、棕榈酸(1.54%),饱和脂肪酸相对含量为48.46%,不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为48.35%。     

辣木籽油的提取及其GC-MS分析

确定辣木籽油提取的最佳工艺条件,并进行成分分析。采用石油醚浸提法,以油脂提取率为评价指标,通过单因素和正交试验确定辣木籽油提取的最佳条件,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析其化学成分。结果表明,辣木籽油最佳提取工艺为:料液比1︰10 (g/mL)、超声时间40 min、浸提时间45 min。在优化条件下,辣木籽的油脂提取率为33.75%。从辣木籽油中鉴定14种成分,其中油酸含量89.08%,并含有棕榈酸(6.73%)、二十二酸(1.53%)、二十碳烯酸(0.78%)等9种脂肪酸以及β-谷甾醇(0.39%)等成分。该提取工艺操作简单、稳定可行;提取的辣木籽油为高油酸型油脂,具有较高食用和药用价值。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press